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英语复习题

一

Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer．

Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)

There are four reading passages in this part．Each passage is followed by five questions．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the most likely answer for each of the questions．

Passage l

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors，generals and soldiers，whereas the people who really helped civilization move forward are often never mentioned at all．We do not know who first launched a sea—worthy boat，or who calculated the length of the year，but we know all about the killers and destroyers．People think great deal of them，so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror，a general or a soldier．And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors．Animals fight；so do savages；hence to be good，but it is not to be civilized．Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-this，after all．is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized．People fight to settle quarrels．

Fighting means killing，and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greatest number of the other side，and then saying that side which has killed most has won．And not only that it has won，however，because it has won，it has been in the right．For that is what going to war means；it means saying that might is right．

1. We can infer from the passage that history books ．

A．should not make mention of killers and destroyers

B．should not neglect those who played a part in human social development

C．should say more about those who launched boats and calculated the length of the year

D．should devote more space to describing truly great conquerors and soldiers 2．The countries that have defeated and ruled over many others are ． A．probably the most civilized but not the greatest

B．obviously the greatest in many ways

C．neither the greatest nor the most civilized

D．perhaps the greatest in a way but not the most civilized

3. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1?

A．Civilized people should settle their quarrels peacefully．

B．Civilized people should be able to settle their disputes by getting other people

to fight for them．

C. Civilized people should be able to settle their disputes by killing as few people as possible．

D．Civilized people should not have any quarrels to settle．

4．According to the passage，the author’s main objective is．

A．to make an explanation B．to state a fact

C. to present a view D．to give a description

5．At the end of the passage the sentence “might is right” may mean． A．those who fight for a just cause often prove most powerful

B．those who are right should fight those who are wrong

C．the winner is justified in killing

D．going to war is right

Passage 2

Education is not an end，but a means to an end．In other words，we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them．Our purpose is to fit them for life． In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all一whether rich or poor，clever or stupid--one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation． But we can already see that free education for all is not enough；we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees，they refuse to do what they think are“lo w”work，and，in fact，work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries．But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor． We can live without education，but we’ll die if we have no food．If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses，we should get terrible diseases in our towns…

In fact，when we say that all of US must be educated to fit US for life，it means that we must be educated in such a way that，firstly，each of US can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and，secondly，that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society，

and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work． Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society．

6．The writer of the passage thinks .

A．education can settle all of the wo rld’s problems

B．free education for all probably leads to a perfect world

C．free education won’t help to solve social problems

D．all the social problems can’t be solved by education

7．The writer hopes to prove that .

A．our society needs all kinds of jobs

B．our society needs free education for all

C．a farmer is more important than a professor

D．people with university degrees refuse to do what they think“low”work

8．According to the passage .

A． work with hands is dirty

B．work with hands is shameful

C．work with hands is the most important

D．we can’t regard work with hands as low work

9. The purpose of education is ．

A．to teach children skills

B．to prepare children mainly for their future life

C．to let everyone receive education fit for him

D．to build a perfect world

10．The passage tells about of education．

A．the means B．the system C．the value D．the type

Passage 3

The average person swallows about half of a ton of food a year-not counting drink-and though the body is remarkably efficient at extracting just what it needs from this huge mixture，it can only cope up to a point．If you go on eating too much of some things and not enough of others，you’ll eventually get out of condition and your health will suffer．So think before you start eatin9．It may look good．It may taste good．Fine! But how much good is it really doing you?

What you eat and the way it affects your body depend very much on the kind of person you are．For one thing，the genes you inherit from your parents can determine how your body chemistry(metabolism)copes with particular foods．The tendency to put on weight rather easily，for example，often runs in families--which mean that they have to take particular care．

And your parents may shape your future in another way．Your upbringing shapes some basic attitudes to food--like whether you have a sweet tooth，nibble between meals，take big mouthfuls or eat chips with everythin9．Eating habits，good or bad，tend to get passed on．

And then there is your lifestyle．How much you spend on food(time as well as money)，how much exercise you get--these can alter the balance between food and fitness．

And finally，both your age and your sex may affect this balance．For example，you are more likely to put on weight as you get older，especially if you are a woman． So everybody is different and the important thing is to know yourself．

11. We can infer from the passage that ．

A．we can eat as much as we want and leave it to our body out of the condition B．in order to keep fit，we should spend as little time and money as possible on food

C．if other members of our family get fat quite easily，we probably will too D．nibbling between meals is a bad habit that will throw our body to select what it needs

12．Before eating something，we are advised to consider ．

A．why we want to eat it

B．whether we really need it

C．if we have eaten too much of it

D．how good it will taste

13．If we love sweet things，it is probably due to our ．

A．1ifestyle B．parents’ influence C．body’s needs D．basic instinct 14．According to the passage，which person is most likely to put on weight soon? A．A man with a big appetite．

B．A child who is picky about food．

C．An athlete who has just retired．

D．A successful young businessman．

15. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ．

A．women should pay more attention to what they eat

B．the balance between food and fitness is hard to maintain

C．people need a standard to guide their eating

D．proper eating is the key to one’s health

Passage 4

The word conservation has a thrifty meaning．To conserve is to save and to protect，to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment．Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials；most of them，even until very recently，had the foolish idea that the treasures were limitless and inexhaustible．Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature，and which means that，as in a living body，an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others．

Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work；scientific forestry was a new idea；wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands；soil destruction and river floods were not national problems；nobody had yet studied long—term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use：even the word“conservation”had nothing of the meaning that it has for US today． For the interests of ourselves and those who will come after US．we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers．Conservation should，therefore，be made a part of everyone’s daily life．To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to US as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas．We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield(produce)their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea．We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them．We need to know the importance of big，nature trees，because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth．In brief，it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can．

16．According to the author the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that ．

A．they had no idea about scientific forestry

B．they had little or no sense of environmental protection

C．they did not realize the importance of nature study

D．they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials

17．It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn’t realize ．

A．the interdependence of water，soil，and living things

B．the importance of the proper land use

C．the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods

D．the extraordinary rapid growth of population

18．With a view to correcting the mistakes of our forefathers，the author suggests that ．

A．we plant more trees

B．we be taught environmental science，as well as the science of plants

C．environmental education be directed toward everyone

D．we return to nature

19．What does the author imply(express i ndirectly)by sayin9“Living space…also in cubic volume above the earth”?

A．Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller．

B．Our living space should be measured in cubic volume．

C．We need to take some measures to protect space．

D．We must create better living conditions for both birds and animals．20．The underlined word“restore”probably is closest to the meaning of．

A．put back B．bring back C．keep D．protect

Ⅲ．Cloze(20 points)

There are twenty blanks in the following passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best fits into the passage．

I work in a company in India．And it has(1) in Germany and the UK，so I

(2) take business trips to these places．We have a(n)(3) at the office

by which anybody coming back to India from a foreign country gets chocolates for

all the (4) ．Naturally the chocolates are finished(5) because everyone loves them and(6) to grab as many as possible．I had noticed that the housekeeping staff (7) in our company never got to(8) even a single chocolate．

Recently，I came back to(9) after a month—long trip from Munich and I’d bought a lot of chocolates for the office staff．I called over(10) of the housekeeping staff members called Babu．I gave him a box of chocolates and told him

to distribute it (11) among the housekeeping staff．His face immediately broke into a wide smile and this made me(12) ．

But the story doesn’t(13) here．The best part of it all was that Babu actually distributed the chocolates among everyone equally，(14) giving extra chocolates to a woman who has a 5-year-old son．It was so(15) for me to see this．I find it really(16) to understand how we，who have the money to buy chocolates and other goodies，do not even feel like(17) and just think how much we can grab. (18) ，Babu，who earns only just about enough to raise his family，was so(19) and did not even keep one extra chocolate for himself． It made me(20) 0ne simple question：Which is better，having a little less money but being kind and generous or having lots of money but being selfish?

1．A．governments B．machines C．branches D．buildings

2．A．seldom B．frequently C．hardly D．never

3．A．order B．theory C．example D．tradition

4．A．employees B．children C．1eaders D．managers

5．A．at a time B．in time C．in no time D．on time

6．A．pretends B．fails C．hesitates D．tries

7．A．studying B．working C．playing D．helping

8．A．taste B．smell C．buy D．make

9．A．Germany B．England C．India D．China

10．A．those B．ones C．that D．one

11．A．unfairly B，equally C．extremely D．secretly

12．A．happy B．sad C．disappointed D．frightened

13．A．start B．continue C．end D．1ast

14．A．still B．yet C．instead D．even

15．A．tiring B．touching C．worrying D．interesting

16．A．easy B．funny C．hard D．strange

17．A．sharing B．dividing C．changing D．enjoying

18．A．What’s more B．In reality C．Worse still D．On the other hand 19．A．diligent B．generous C．brave D．intelligent

20．A．make up B．figure out C．think of D．take off

Ⅳ. Translation(15 points)

Directions：Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese．

The first-generation museums in the world fall into the category of natural museum．They tell stories about the earth and the evolution of various species through fossils and specimens．(1)Museums of the second generation are museums of industry and technology which display achievements brought about by industrial civilization in different historical periods．(2)Although those two types of museums play the role of disseminating knowledge，they regard their visitors only as passive on-lookers．

(3)The third—generation museums are built upon a completely new

notion．Visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes．Thus，they are brought closer to advanced scientific and technological achievement and offered an access to the mystery of science and technology．

Ⅴ. Writing (10 points)

Directions: Write a composition, entitled “How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities?”，in about 100 words based on the following words and expressions given below:

Points that should be covered:

1.城市住房问题变得越来越严重。

2.在大城市里解决住房问题有许多办法。

3.说说你的看法。

How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities?

_______________________________________________________________

So, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.

There have been many suggested solution to sole the housing problem in big cities.

二

Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer．

Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Passage l

It is interesting how NASA chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon．They chose men between the age of thirty and thirty-five．There were about fifty of them．Many of them were experienced air pilots and others were scientists．NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose：told him the plans and the dangers they might get in. They then asked him if he was willing to train as an astronaut．“How c ould any man refuse such an exciting exploration?” One of them said，“Dangerous? Of course，it is dangerous，but most exciting!”

The health and physical condition of the men were，of course，very important．Only those in very good health and physical condition were chosen．

While trying to be astronauts，they went through many courses．They studied the stars and the moon，and they also studied geology(地质学)，the science of rocks．This was necessary because astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon．They were all trained to fly in helicopters．These helicopters landed straight down to give the men some experience of the way the spaceship would actually land on the moon．They were also taught all the known facts about conditions in space．They learned all the technical details(细节)of the spaceship and rockets．They learned how every part of a spaceship worked．They also 1earned every detail of the ground control system．1．This passage implies that ．

A．those who finally became astronauts were all experienced air pilots

B．those NASA telephoned were willing to train as astronauts

C．few who accepted the j ob realized that it was dangerous

D．some people refused to accept the job because it was too dangerous

2．Astronauts studied geology because they would have to ．

A．collect rock samples(标本)on the moon

B．land on the surface of the moon

C．tell the age of the moon

D．know the condition of the moon

3．Astronauts were trained to fly in a helicopter because ．

A．its operation was like that of the spaceship

B．the spaceship would land on the moon in much the same way

C．a helicopter would be useful on the moon

D．at the time of landing they would actually use something like a helicopter

4．Which of the following is NOT referred to in the passage as the requirement for astronauts to be chosen?

A．To be in good health．

B．To be good at piloting．

C．To have scientific knowledge．

D．To be good at geology．

5．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Astronauts regarded space exploration as more exciting than dangerous． B．Astronauts were all very young and liked to take adventure．

C．Astronauts went through many courses．

D．Astronauts knew how to keep in touch with the ground control system．

Passage 2

Man is a land animal，but he is also closely tied to the sea．Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man．The sea has provided man with food and a convenient wav to travel to many parts of the world．Today，nearly two thirds of the world's population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast．

In the modern technological world，the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive．Resources on land are beginning to be used up．The sea，however，can still be hoped to supply many of man’s needs．

The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology is impressive．Oil and gas explorations have been carried out for nearly 30 years．Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined． Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food．The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by Oriental people．

Besides oil and gas，the sea may offer new sources of energy．Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship．Ocean currents(水流)and waves offer possible use as a source of energy．

Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea．The development of strong，new materials has made this possible．

The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve．Experts believe that by the year 2000 the problems that prevent US from exploiting fully the food，minerals，and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved．

6．The major things that the sea offers man are ．

A．fish and oil

B．minerals and oil

C．warm temperature and ocean currents

D．the food，energy sources，and minerals

7．The underlined word“explorations”in Paragraph 3 prob ably means ． A．观察 B．实验 C．挖掘 D．探索

8．We can conclude from this passage that ．

A．the sea resources have largely been used up

B．the sea，in the broad sense，has not yet been developed

C．the problems that prevent US from using the food，minerals，and energy sources of the sea have already been solved

D．by the year 2000，the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources

9．The underlined words“Oriental people”in Paragraph 4 probably mean． A．the people in Asia B．African people

C．European people D．American people

10．The best title for this passage is ．

A．Sea Harvest B．Sea Food

C．Technology for Exploiting the Sea D．Man and the Sea

Passage 3

Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States，covering a wide area with its alkali(含碱的)sand．Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level，and Badwater，a salt water pool，is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States．

Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place Tomesha，the land of fire．Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849，when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story．Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑)and is crossed by several well—marked roads where good services can be found easily．Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place．

Here nature created a lot of surprising things，almost like the sights on the moon，everchanging as the frequent wind moves the sand about，showing the most unusual colors. 0ne of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil Golf Course，where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams．Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground，as evening shadows move and lengthen．

11. is the lowest place in the desert．

A．Tomesha B．Death Valley C．Nevad D．Badwater

12．The name of the valley comes from ．

A．an Indian name B．the death of the miners

C．the local people D．a National Movement

13．From the passage we can learn that ．

A．no one had ever known the desert before the miners

B．it’s still not easy to travel across the desert

C．people can find gas—stations，cafes and hotels in the desert

D．people have changed the natural sight of the desert

14．Devil Golf Course is famous for .

A．the frequent wind B．the colors of the sand

C．dream—like sights D．the sand sculptures

15．From the passage we can see that the writer the Death Valley．A．appreciates B．is fearful of C．dislikes D．is tired of

Passage 4

Every human being，no matter what he is doin9，gives off body heat．The usual problem is how to get rid of it．But the designers of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem--how to collect body heat，and the heat given off by such objects as electric lights and refrigerators as well．The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the university’s six buildings warm and comfortable．

Some parts of modern buildings，theaters and offices as well as classrooms-are heated by people and lights far more than necessary，and sometimes they must be air—conditioned even in winter．The skill of saving heat and sharing it out again in a different way is called“heat recovery”．A few modern buildings recover heat．but the university’s system is th e first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others．

Along the way，Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producer．The harder a student studies，the more heat his body gives off．Boy students send out more heat than girl students，and the larger a student，the more heat he produces．It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking，overweight boy student who is very clever in the university．

16. According to the passage, the heat system of the Pittsburgh University is supplied by ．

A．human bodies

B. human bodies and electrical equipment

C．human bodies and fuel

D．human bodies，electrical equipment and fuel

17．The skill of heat recovering is used to ．

A．find out the source of heat

B．produce a social form of air conditioning

C．provide heat for the hot water system

D．collect and reuse heat

18．Which of the following persons would produce the least heat?

A．A fat boy students who is clever and studies hard．

B．A thin girl student who is not clever and does not study hard．

C．A thin boy student who is clever and studies hard．

D．A fat girl student who is both clever and hardworking．

19．In the last sentence，the“hottest prospect”refers t o ．

A．the person who produces the most heat

B．the person who suffers most from heat

C．the person who takes in the most heat

D．the person who bears the most heat

20．The best title for this passage is ．

A．Modern Building’s Heat System

B．A New Heat Recovery System in the Pittsburgh University

C．Recovery of Boy’s Heat in the Pittsburgh University

D．The Best Way to Save Fuel or Electricity

Ⅲ．Cloze(20 points)

There are twenty blanks in the following passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best fits into the passage．Eating less may bring longer life? A study by the National Institutes of Health

(1) that reducing calories by 30 percent(2) to slow the rate of aging in monkeys，providing(3) evidence that humans might live longer by eating less．

The study has shown that a(4) diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals to(5) a lower body temperature，a slower metabolism(新陈代谢)and(6) changes in the biochemical markers for aging． Dr．George Roth，a(7) at the research center of the National Institutes on Aging said，“This shows that what has seen demonstrated in mice(8) can apply in monkeys．”

“We have(9) for 70 years that(10) you feed laboratory mice less food，they age slower，they(11) longer and they get diseases less(12) ，”he said．“We find that monkeys(13) in the same way and that the same biochemical changes may be in(14) here．”

Dr．Roth said(15) biochemical measurements also showed that eating less was(16) for the monkeys．

The study is(17) and involves 200 monkeys．Dr．Roth said that the diets of the monkeys included all of the(18) vitamin's and other nutriments

(19) that half of the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than a(20) group．

1．A．causes B．remarks C．regards D．shows

2．A．wants B．appears C．agrees D．1ikes

3．A．special B．strange C．new D．1ittle

4．A．well一balanced B．well—known C．well—prepared D well—cooked

5．A．1ike B．have C．give D．want

6．A．few B．1ittle C．fewer D．more

7．A．scientist B．teacher C．doctor D cook

8．A．too B．also C．still D．yet

9．A．haven B．done C．known D．shown

10．A．whether B．although C．because D．if

11．A．have B．1ive C．become D．play

12．A．probably B．carefully C．frequently D．generally

13．A．respond B．produce C．suggest D．act

14．A．response B．play C．poor D．mind

15．A．another B．others C．other D．some

16．A．healthy B．strong C．terrible D．happy

17．A．developing B．continuing C．burning D．touching

18．A．required B．passed C．given D．referred

19．A．as B．by C．but D．in

20．A．enjoy B．come C．mean D．control

Ⅳ. Translation(15 points)

Directions：Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese．Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (1)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (2)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

(3)It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.

Ⅴ. Writing (10 points)

Directions: For this part you are required to write a composition. The Importance of Confidence in 3 paragraphs. Y ou are given the opening sentence of each paragraph. Y our part of the composition should be about 100—150 words.

Points that should be covered:

1. 凡事均应有自信心，但事实是很多人都缺乏自信。

2. 缺乏自信心的原因。

3. 如何建立自信心。

The Importance of Confidence

Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence.

Why do people often feel frustrated even though they are capable of doing something?

It is possible to build up faith in oneself by having the right attitude towards one’s own ability.

大学英语考试试题

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