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《自动化专业英语》翻译大作业(优.选)

《自动化专业英语》翻译大作业(优.选)
《自动化专业英语》翻译大作业(优.选)

《自动化专业英语》翻译大作业所选文字出处:选自论文《PLC的发展和应用》

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PLC全名为可编程控制器,定义是种数字运算操作的电子系统,专为在工业环境应用而设计的,主要结构由电源,中央处理单元,存储器,输入输出接口电路,功能模块,通信模块组成。PLC具有通用性强、使用方便、适应面广、抗干扰性强、编程简单等特点,在军事、国防、航空航天、交通、工业生产中的地位,在可预见的将来中是无法取代的。PLC有很多流派,我国的PLC 研发、生产和应用发展很快,尤其在应用方面更为突出。

PLC的发展历程和主要流派

在工业生产过程中,大量的开关量顺序控制,它按照逻辑条件进行顺序动作,并按照逻辑关系进行连锁保护动作的控制,及大量离散量的数据采集。传统上,这些功能是通过气动或电气控制系统来实现的。1968年美国GM(通用汽车)公司提出取代继电气控制装置的要求,第二年,美国数字公司研制出了基于集成电路和电子技术的控制装置,首次采用程序化的手段应用于电气控制,这就是第一代可编程序控制器,称Programmable Controller(PC)。个人计算机(简称PC)发展起来后,为了方便,也为了反映可编程控制器的功能特点,可编程序控制器定名为Programmable Logic Controller(PLC),现在,仍常常将PLC简称PC。PLC的定义有许多种。国际电工委员会(IEC)对PLC的定义是:可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统,专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用可编程序的存贮器,用来在其内部存贮执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并通过数字的、模拟的输入和输出,控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程序控制器及其有关设备,都应按易于与工业控制系统形成一个整体,易于扩充其功能的原则设计。上世纪80年代至90年代中期,是PLC发展最快的时期,年增长率一直保持为30~40%。在这时期,PLC在处理模拟量能力、数字运算能力、人机接口能力和网络能力得到大幅度提高,PLC逐渐进入过程控制领域,在某些应用上取代了在过程控制领域处于统治地位的DCS系统。在世界上200多家PLC厂商,400多品种的PLC产品大体可以按地域分成三个流派:一个流派是美国产品,一个流派是欧洲产品,还有一个流派是日本产品。同一地区的产品相互借鉴的比较多,相互影响比较大,技术参透比较深,面临的主要市场相同,拥护要求接近,这一切就使得同一地域的PLC产品表现出比较多的相似性。美国PLC技术的形成与欧洲PLC技术的形成是在相互隔离的情况下,独自研究开发获得的,因此美国的PLC产品与欧洲的PLC产品常表现出来明显的差异性。日本的PLC技术是由美国引进的,因此日本的产品对美国的产品有一定的继承性。世界上比较先进的PLC生产厂家有德国的的西门子、日本的三菱、美国的A-B公司等等。

PLC, programmable logic controller, the definition is the electronic system for digital operation, for environmental applications in the industrial design, the main structure is composed of a power supply, a central processing unit, memory, input and output interface circuit, function module, communication module. PLC has strong versatility, convenient use, wide adaptability, strong anti-interference, simple programming and so on, in the military, national defense, aerospace, transportation, industrial production status, in the foreseeable future cannot be substituted. PLC has many schools, our country's PLC research and development, production and application development is very fast, especially in the use of more prominent.

The development course and main schools of PLC

In the process of industrial production, a large amount of switching sequence control, which is in accordance with the logic of the sequence of action, and in accordance with the logic of the relationship between the protection of the control of the chain, and a large number of discrete data collection. Traditionally, these functions are realized by pneumatic or electric control systems. In 1968 the United States GM (GM) following the company proposed to replace electrical control device requirements, for second years, the company developed a digital control device based on integrated circuit and electronic technology, for the first time by means of the application of electrical control, this is the first generation of programmable controller, called Programmable Controller (PC). The personal computer (PC) developed, for the sake of convenience, but also to reflect the function characteristics of programmable controller, programmable controller named Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), now, is still often referred to as PLC PC. There are many definitions of PLC. International Electrical Commission (IEC) on the definition of PLC is: programmable logic controller is a digital computing operation of the electronic system, designed for the application in industrial environment and design. It uses a programmable memory used to implement logic operation, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operation in its internal storage instructions, and through digital analog input and output, and the machinery or the production process control of various types. Programmable logic controller and its related equipment, should be easy and industrial control system to form a whole, easy to expand the principle of the function of the design. From 80s to 90s of last century, is the fastest growing period of PLC, the annual growth rate has remained at 30~40%. In this period, PLC capability in dealing with analog and digital computing ability, ability of man-machine interface and network capacity has been greatly improved, PLC gradually into the process control field, replace the dominant DCS system in the field of process control in some applications. In the world more than and 200 PLC manufacturers, more than and 400 varieties of PLC products can roughly divided into three schools: a school is American products, a school is European products, there is a school of Japanese products. Learn from each other in the same area are more, the mutual influence is relatively large, what technology is deep, the main market is facing the same, advocates of close, all this makes the same region PLC products showed more

similarity. The formation of PLC technology in the United States and the formation of the European PLC technology is in the case of mutual isolation, research and development alone, so the United States of America's PLC products and PLC products in Europe often show obvious differences. Japan's PLC technology is introduced by the United States, so Japanese products to the United States of America's products have a certain inheritance. The world's more advanced PLC manufacturers are Germany's SIEMENS, Japan's MITSUBISHI, the United States of America A-B company, etc..

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翻译期末作业

浅谈中国菜名的翻译 我国悠久的历史和广袤的国土孕育了中国独特的烹饪艺术和丰富的饮食文化。我们国家也以几千年的饮食文化文明于世。随着我国经济飞速发展,与国外交流日益增多,餐饮业也面临着走向世界的机遇和挑战。中国菜名是汉语语汇中承载中国文化最多的语汇之一, 不仅承载着几千年来的中国饮食文化, 还承载着大量的非饮食文化, 如神话、民俗、历史、文学、宗教信仰等等, 在菜名所传达的表层语义背后有着更为深厚复杂的多元文化元素。同时由于饮食与文化的密切联系,这些都大大增大了翻译的难度。 1.首先我们来看一下一些我们常见的错误翻译 长期以来,菜名的翻译没有统一的标准,加上译者水平有限和地域差异,并不了解菜式的内涵,致使很多菜名的翻译让人感到不知所云。比如口水鸡slobbering chicken、童子鸡chicken without sexual life、夫妻肺片the couple’s lung 等,这翻译让外国人看了都吓跑了,哪里还有食欲吃饭呢?再如东坡肉poet Dongpo’s braised pork,东坡肉是用蒸的方法做出来的,所以这里应该为Poet Dongpo’s steamed pork 而不是用braised;“鱼香肉丝”较常见的有两种译法,另外也有人译为shredded pork with garlic sauce,前者译法为直译,后者加了简单的解释,虽然看似简单易懂,很直观,但是译者没有弄清楚此菜的配料,川菜口味浓重,很多菜肴的配料都是少不了“川菜之魂”郫县豆瓣酱,鱼香肉丝正是用到此配料,是不用所谓的大蒜酱,所以后者翻译存在误的地方;水煮鱼,也是川菜中的代表作,又麻又辣,有译者翻译为tender stewed fish,这个译法不够全面,应该在后面加上in chili sauce;夫妻肺片译为pork lungs in chili sauce,这个译法的译者应该不明白此菜的来历和主料,夫妻肺片根本不是用猪肺做成的,而且和肺一点都不沾边,此菜的主料都是用牛内脏,所以这个译发讲不通。对于以上的翻译错误我们不能只是一笑而过,我们应该感受到菜名翻译的难度,从而思考怎样才能更好的翻译来达到最佳的效果。

土木专业英语翻译作业

桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院 土木工程专业英语外文翻译,中文翻译 姓名:马凤志 专业:土木应用 班级:10级9班 学号:3100510939

原文

中文翻译 The Influence of Concrete Compaction on the Strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes 压实混凝土对混凝土强度的影响 Lin-Hai Han School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Haihe Road 202, PO Box 689, Harbin 150090, P.R. China 韩林海,哈尔滨建筑大学,土木与建筑工程学院,海河路202号,邮政信箱,689,哈尔滨,150090 中国 ABSTRACT: Tests on twenty-one concrete filled steel tubes to investigate the influence of compaction methods on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular members are reported. 摘要:测试二十一钢管混凝土试验,研究了钢管对混凝土构件强度压实方法的影响报告。 Two parameters were investigated, including slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. 对两个参数进行研究,包括长细比和荷载偏心。 It was found that better compaction of concrete resulted in higher values of the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel

汽车专业英语翻译综合

第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备,常见的类型是内燃机,其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升,产生的能量驱动轴旋转,并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器(对应机械变速器)或液力变矩器(对应液力自动变速器)、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上,连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接,使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体,这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气:气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸,排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机,从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中,一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15

翻译作业

The Art of Living The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: " A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open." 生活的艺术在于懂得何时紧紧抓住,何时放手。生活就是一个悖论:它要我们抓住生命赐予的礼物,却又要在最后一一放手。古时的犹太拉比说:“人来到这个世上时紧握着拳头,但当他离去时,手又松开了。” Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth. 当然我们应紧紧抓住生命,因为它让人惊奇,并且充满了美,它散落在上帝所创造的每一寸土地上的。 We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. 我们知道确实如此,但是我们总在回首时才意识到,过去的一切我们仍然记得,但却明白了一切不再如此。 We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered. 我们会记起的,是一种凋谢的美,一份逝去的爱。当美绽放时我们并没有去留意这份美,当爱情来临时我们未能报之以爱。回想这些,我们会更加心痛。 Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. 生活给我们的第一个矛盾的真理:永远不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的奇迹与壮丽。 Be reverent before each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute. 崇敬每一天。拥抱每一小时。抓紧每一分钟。 Hold fast to life... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. 牢牢抓住人生,但不要抓得太紧,免得到时候不能放手。放手是人生硬币的另一面,是人生矛盾的另一极:我们必须接受失去并学会放手。 And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.

专业英语大作业

专业英语大作业 一:英译汉 翻译范围TCP/IP Illustrated, V olume 1: The Protocols 5.1~5.5 15.1~15.2 第5章RARP:逆地址解析协议 5.1简介 5.2 RARP报文格式 5.3 RARP示例 5.4 RARP服务的设计 5.5小结 练习 5.1简介 一个拥有本地磁盘的系统通常是从磁盘文件读取配置文件中获取其IP地址。但一个没有磁盘的系统,如X终端或无盘工作站,需要一些其它方式去获得其IP地址。 每个系统在网络上都有一个唯一的硬件地址,由网络接口的制造商分配。 RARP的原则是无盘系统从接口卡上读取其独特的硬件地址,并发送RARP请求(网络上的广播帧)要求别人对无盘系统的IP地址(使用RARP回应)进行应答。 虽然这个概念很简单,执行往往比ARP更难,在本章后面会描述其原因。 RARP的正式规范是RFC 903。 5.2 RARP报文格式 RARP报文的格式几乎与ARP报文是相同的(图4.3)。唯一的区别是,RARP 的请求或应答帧类型为0×8035,并且在操作层RARP请求值为3、RARP应答值为4。 图4-3 ARP在网络上请求与应答报文的格式 与ARP一样,RARP服务器请求是广播和RARP应答通常是单播。 5.3 RARP示例 在我们的网络,我们可以强制sun主机从网络引导,而不是它的本地磁盘。 如果我们在主机bsdi上运行RARP服务器和tcpdump,我们得到如图5.1所示的输出。我们使用-e参数去标记tcpdump的打印硬件地址:

图5.1 RARP请求和应答。 该RARP请求是广播(1号线)的,第2行的RARP应答是单播的。第2行的输出,“at sun”,意味着RARP应答包含了主机sun(140.252.13.33)的IP地址。 在第3行,我们看到,一旦sun接收其IP地址,它会发出一个TFTP读请求(RRQ)的文件8CFCOD21.SUN4C。(TFTP是简单文件传输协议,我们在第15章进行详细描述)。在文件名中的8个十六进制数字是sun主机的IP地址140.252.13.33的十六进制表示形式。这是在RARP应答中返回的IP地址。该文件名的其余部分,后缀SUN4C表示系统正在引导的类型。 Tcpdump表示第3行是一个长度为65的IP数据报,而不是一个UDP数据报(实际上它确实是),因为我们运行tcpdump命令使用-e参数,看硬件级别的地址。另一点,在图5.1要注意的是在第2行的以太网帧的长度似乎比最小较短(我们所说的是在4.5节60字节)。原因是我们的系统,该系统上运行的tcpdump 发送该以太网帧(BSDI)。该应用程序rarpd,写42字节到BSD分组过滤器装置(14字节的以太网报头和28字节的RARP应答),这是什么的tcpdump收到的副本。但以太网设备驱动程序垫这个短帧的最小尺寸为传输(60 )。如果我们在另一个系统上已经运行的tcpdump ,长度会是60。 我们可以看到在这个例子,当这种无盘系统接收在RARP应答它的IP地址,它会发出一个TFTP请求来读取一个引导映像。在这一点上,我们不会进入其他详细介绍无盘系统是如何引导自己。(第16章介绍了使用RARP ,BOOTP和TFTP无盘X终端的引导顺序。) 图5.2表示出了如果有在网络上没有RARP服务器所得到的数据包。每个数据包的目的地址为以太网的广播地址。以太网地址跟随的是目标硬件地址,并按照发送端的硬件地址发送。

汽车专业英语翻译

About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中,汽车发动机是最复杂的组件,其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上,按动力来源分发动机有很多种,如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样,内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧,通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的(往复)直线运动。然而这种(往复)直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接,这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐,从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承,称之为连杆轴承,类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体,称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统:水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体,称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套,节温器,水泵,散热器,散热器罩,风扇,风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off

翻译作业

《形合和意合的差异与英汉互译》---英语专业论文范文 关键词:英汉互译形合意合语篇 摘要:由于英语语篇讲究形合,汉语语篇讲究意合,两种语言在联句成篇上的明显差异导致英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译,而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。掌握两者的差异,有助于更准确地理解原文,更地道地构建译文。 关键词:英汉;互译;形合;意合;语篇 一、引言 语言是文化的载体,任何一种语言都反映了与其相应的文化。西方人重形式分析和逻辑推理,强调“由一到多”的思维传统。在处理问题上,注意把具体问题从总体中分离出来,把极复杂的问题划分为比较简单的形式和部分,然后逐一去研究;汉民族讲究“天人合一”,重视整体思维,注重心理时空的思维方式。在处理问题上,注意从整体上,从一事物与他事物的联系上加以认识,予以解决。英汉民族思维模式的差异导致两种语言在结构上差异明显。英语讲究形合,语法显性,而汉语则注重“意合”,语法隐性。所谓形合,指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意义和逻辑关系。汉语讲究意合。所谓意合,指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接,句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。形合和意合的差异是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别。 二、英汉语篇形合与意合差异对英汉互译的影响 任何语言都不是独立地使用一种固定的表达模式来传递语言信息的,而是两种模式的混合自由作用。但是受文化背景、思维模式的影响,在表达过程中会表现出不同的特点。英语重形合,汉语重意合。英语行文注重结构、形式,注重显性接应,以形显意,语义连贯诉诸理性,因而句子结构严谨、完整。汉语行文注重功能、意义,注重隐性连贯,以神统形,语义连贯诉诸意向,因而汉语句子比较简洁,少用甚至不用形式连接手段。英汉在语篇的连句表意中彰显出不同的表达特色。可见英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译,而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。成功的译文应在意义上与原文等值,在遣词造句上看不出硬译的痕迹,符合译文行文要求和表达习惯,做到“信、达、雅”,即:忠实原文的实质精神,表达充分又确切,文字优雅流畅。 英汉形合、意合的差异导致汉译英时,若不加分析,一概完整地逐字、逐词、逐句照译,势必出现“汉化英语”,译文成为英文语篇中的破句或电报语,而英译汉时,则出现“英化汉语”,原文中所存在的连词在译文语篇中显得有些苍白,甚至累赘,失去了语言的简洁性、紧凑性。翻译实践证明,大量句子英汉互译时,往往需要在语篇中重新构建符合译文语言特点的表达。 1. 句子主语的调整。 英汉语句子均由主语和谓语两大部分组成,但英汉语句子主谓之间的句法关系差异明显。英语重形合,句子的主谓之间存有强制性的一致关系,决定谓语动词的人称形式和数形式,因此英语句子的主语在句中一般是不可或缺的。它是如此地不可或缺,以致当主语因修辞原因而移位时,甚至要使用形式主语来补足空位。汉语重意合,句子的主谓之间没有强制性的一致关系,主语对谓语动词的形式没有决定作用,句法地位并不十分重要,在语境(包括上下文、情景语境、常识与背景知识等)中为交际双方所共知的主语常常省去,以意承脉,因而汉语中存在大量的无主句或主语省略句。如以下汉语中的无主句,译成英语时则要补出主语。 (1)好,不再说了吧;要落泪了,真想念北平呀! (老舍,想北平) Now,let me leave off writing,for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss. Peiping! (2)凭窗站了一会儿,微微的觉得凉意侵人。 (冰心,笑) Standing at the window for a while,I felt a bit chilly. (3)It is hard to find out what any county can door will do next. (Lord Dunsany:The Greatest Invention) 很难预料一个国家能做什么或是接着会干什么。 2. 句式上的调整。 意合在形态上是平级配列,而形合在形态上是次级配列。汉语的句子以说话者的意念为主轴,形成一种意念机制,表

上海海洋大学专业英语期末翻译

Analog computers are analog devices. That is, they have continuous states rather than discrete numbered states. An analog computer can represent fractional or irrational values exactly, with no round-off. Analog computers are almost never used outside of experimental settings. 模拟计算机是模拟设备。也就是说,他们是连续状态而不是离散的有限状态。一个模拟计算机可以精确代表小数或无理数,没有舍入。模拟计算机几乎从不被使用在实验设置以外。 A processor typically contains an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit( including processor flags, flag register, or status register), internal buses, and sometimes special function units( the most common special function unit being a floating point unit for floating point arithmetic). 一个处理器通常包含一个算术/逻辑单元(运算器),控制单元(包括处理器标志,标志寄存器,或状态寄存器),内部总线,有时特殊功能单元(最常见的特殊功能单元作为一个浮点单元用于浮点运算)。 CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Mainframe computers and minicomputers were CISC processors, with manufacturers competing to offer the most useful instruction sets. Many of the first two generations of microprocessors were also CISC. CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。大型计算机和小型计算机是CISC处理器,与制造商竞争提供最有用的指令集。微处理器的前两代中许多也是CISC。 Lesson 2 Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense mounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). 超级计算机是一个广泛的术语,因为它是目前可用的最快的计算机之一。超级计算机是非常昂贵的,并且它被用于需要大量的数学计算(数字运算)的专门应用。 It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstation. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting up to 200 users simultaneously. 它是一个中型计算机。在过去的十年中,大的小型机和小的大型机之间的区别已经模糊,然而,有小的小型机和工作站之间的区别。但在一般情况下,一个小型机是一个能够同时支持多达200个用户的多处理系统。 Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. 工作站一般都配有一个大的,高分辨率的图形屏幕,大量的内存,内置网络支持以及一个图形用户界面。大多数工作站也有一个大容量存储设备如磁盘驱动器,但是一种特殊类型的工作站,被称为无盘工作站,是不带磁盘驱动器的。

电子商务专业英语作业翻译

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. 电子商务(电子商务或电子商务)是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网,特别是万维网上的。在实践中,这项和一个新的术语,电子商务,往往交替使用。网上零售,电子零售的术语有时用。 E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall 网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店 As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html,, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html,, and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html, continues to grow. 作为一个直接的零售购物,其24小时供应,全球性的,互动的能力,并提供自定义信息和订购,和多媒体,网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源,为全球的企业。一些企业已报告了相当大的成功。早在1997年年中,戴尔电脑报告的订单一百万美元一天。1999年初,预计的电子商务业务收入都在数十亿美元的股票和公司认为最善于电子商务暴涨。虽然许多所谓的互联网零售商消失在经济衰退2000,网上零售网站如https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html,,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html,,和https://www.wendangku.net/doc/672112918.html,继续增长 Market Research 市场研究 In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature of the Internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers in unprecedented amounts -through site registration, questionnaires, and as part of taking orders. The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and permission of market subjects had been raised. (Microsoft referred to its policy of data collection as "profiling" and a proposed standard has been developed that allows Internet users to decide who can have what personal information.) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

汽车专业英语_单词表

unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive(or propeller)shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3

翻译作业

1. 私か田舎から北京へ来て、またたく間に6年になる。その間、耳に聞き目に見た国家の大事になるものは数えてみれば相当あった。 2. 動物はそれなりにその生活条件に適応している。その中でも自然条件が動物に与える影響は大きいものである。ところが人類は、生まれっいて文化環境の中に暮らす。すなわち自然環境と接する場合にも、その間に文化というものが媒介するのである。文化は言語によって仲間に、又時代に伝えられる。人類は其れによって気まぐれな自然の脅威から巧みに身を守ってきた。人類から文化を取り除いてしまえば、これほど無カで臆病な動物が あるだろうか。 3. 地図を調べてみても、人間が歩いていけそうな距離には村なんてない。其れなのに、人が歩いている。荷物らしい荷物も持たずに、頭に何かを載せただけで、ただただ歩いている。 4. 私は彼女と長年苦しく愛し合っていたが、この愛は彼女を傷つけた。その分、私自身も傷つけられた。 5 ジェトロ青島事務所の開設を記念いたしまして、講演会のご案内をいたしましたところ、かくも多、くの皆様に御参集いただき、厚くお礼を申し上げます。各界を代表するご高名の方がお見えでございます。いちいちお名前を申し上げませんが。心 よりお礼を申し上げます。ありがとうございました 为了纪念ジュトロ青島事務所得开设,借演讲介绍来感谢大家在百忙之中, 来出席这次演讲。这次演讲的加宾有各界的知名人士,在这就不一一列举了,真得很感谢你们的捧场。 6. 視聴率さえとっていれば、どんな「やらせ」をやろうとも、メデ??の責任を考えれば、モラルに反すると思うことをやっでも、大手を振ることができる世界で、それを見習ってい<人間と、そんなことはしたくないと気力が萎えてしまう人間が生まれ、富み栄えるのは前者ということになる。 7 そればかりではない。考えてみれば、要資格職業での学科試験中心の運営は、(こうした諸試験の合格率の高い大学を求めた偏差値中心の受験体制を促進強化する)ことにもつながっている

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