当前位置：文档库 › Research Proposal

Research Proposal

Exam No. B006463

1.Introduction

Despite the current economic downtown around the world, China‘s economy is growing constantly. In China, Private business used to be prohibited while state-owned logistics providers only provided customers with transportation and warehousing services, and rarely offered value-added and other logistics activities (Hong et al., 2006). This system had led to long-term inefficiencies in management, organization and operation of logistics in China. Since China has participated in the World Trade Organization (WTO) from 2001, its trade with outside world is growing rapidly every year along with the proliferation of logistics activities (Zhou et al., 2008). A growing number of multinational firms (MNFs) starts to conduct business in China looking for ways to enhance the logistics efficiency by providing the of third-party logistics (3PL), and the increasing need for the third-party logistics (3PL) service has attracted many new players, including some foreign firms, such as MAERSK, DHL and UPS (Leung and Forster, 2007). Many Chinese 3PL providers are also improving service competencies by becoming more tailored to customer firms‘ tastes (Lai et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2006, 2008). In order to take a closer look at the competitiveness o f China‘s 3PL industry, it is meaningful to evaluate the current performance of Chinese domestic 3PLs comparing with their international competitors.

However, there is little research has been done on Chinese domestic 3PL service providers in the literature. In light of the increasing interest in both 3PL providers and China as an emerging player in the world, an understanding and assessment of China‘s 3PL service providers is necessary and timely. Therefore, I would raise the following as research questions of my dissertation:

(1)What is the current performance of 3PL providers in developed countries?

(2)What are the key factors contributing to 3PL providers‘ success?

(3)How to identify the challenges faced by Chinese 3PL providers and suggest strategies for domestic 3PL service providers in an increasingly competitive environment?

2.Preliminary Literature Review

A large proportion of research has been conducted to study logistics service providers. Most of 3PL providers are specialist providers of a wide range of logistics activities and are recognizable as key enablers of their customer firms‘ service-related competitive advantages in developed countries (Bolumole, 2003; Knemeyer and Murphy, 2005). Previous research has offered several key factors and solutions that have influence on the performance of 3PL providers (Bowersox et al., 1989; Schefczyk, 1993; Tongzon, 2001; Haas et al., 2003; Min and Joo, 2006) and improvement of 3PL based on customer value-based theory (Tian et al., 2010). I will review the literature relevant to 3PL service and customer value-based theory in the following part.

2.1Research on performance of 3PL Service

Nowadays, more solutions are supplied to specific services and often include value-adding services such as final assembly, packaging, quality control, and information services. Collaboration between the parties has become more long-term and is often combined within both information systems and organization structure. This broader, highly commitment involved agreement is called ―third party logistics (3PL)‖. It is also known as other names such as logistics partnerships (La Londe and

Cooper, 1989; Andersson, 1997), logistics alliances (Bowersox, 1990; Bagchi and Virum, 1996), or dedicated contract distribution (Cooper and Johnstone, 1990). Generally speaking, 3PL refers to an external, independent service provider performing all or part of logistics activities for the buyer, the seller, and the manufacturer of raw materials, components, goods in process, or finished products without taking the ownership of those goods (Menon et al., 1998; Maltz and Ellram, 2000). One of the pioneers that proposed the concept of 3PL services and project the emergence of the 3PL industry is Sheffi (1990). He suggested the following reasons for the growth of 3PL service in USA.

●need to focus on core businesses;

●better transportation solutions;

●cost savings and improved services;

●development of necessary technological expertise and computerized

●systems which is beyond the scope of many companies;

●Need for more professional and better-equipped logistics services.

All of these confirm the reasons of the rise of 3PL service. Also, it is evitable that 3PL would boom in China and domestic 3PL providers should focus on their self-improvement.

Lieb and Randall (1992) started their milestone study by examining the degree at which USA manufacturers cooperate with 3PL providers; and the managerial benefits customer firms gained from the use of 3PL services. But it could not be generalized if the research was just based on the samples from US. Then Lieb et al. (1993) worked on a comparison between the spreading of 3PL in US and European manufacturing industries.

As the situation and technology change, this study was continued and extended by Lieb and Randall (1996, 1999), Sink et al. (1996), Murphy and Poist (1998), Lieb and Miller (2002), Lieb and Kendrick (2002) and Lieb and Bentz (2004, 2005), who examined 3PL trends, the degree of 3PL usage, the benefits of 3PL service, the future of the 3PL industry from the perspectives of 3PL chief executives and users for the last decade. In addition to these aspects, Knemeyer and Murphy (2005) and Sahay and Mohan (2006) identified the impact of 3PL relationships on 3PL selection, degree of commitments. Since most of them are based on the data from developed economies, it is necessary to extent the study of previous research to the context the emerging economies like China to come to a more generalized conclusion.

2.2 Customer-value Based Theory

The customer value-based theory was laid originally by Alderson (1957) and Drucker (1973) and others. And the theory was developed by Anderson (1982), Dickson (1992), Hunt and Morgan (1995), and Slater and Narver (1995). Later, Slater (1997) introduced a more comprehensive customer value –based theory of the firm. The key principles of the theory are:

●Firms exist in a growing complex and competitive global environment where

information technology and knowledge have become more important as source of competitive advantage.

●Firms exist to deliver superior customer value to satisfy the customer.

●Firms with a customer value-based organizational culture tend to have superior

performance

Logistics firms have to meet the needs of customers in the competitive market.

Other research has also identified relationships between a firm‘s market-orientation and its own performance (Hult and Ketchen, 2001; Kumar, 2002; Narver and Slater, 1990) and between logistics service and firm performance (Daugherty et al., 1998;

Innis and La Londe, 1994; Mentzer et al., 2001). Furthermore, Fuller et al. (1993) suggest that one important reason for the growth of 3PL services is that companies compete in a number of businesses that are logistically distinct due to varied customer needs. In addition, Panayides (2004) find a positive relationship between market segmentation and logistics performance. They all have identified the importance of logistics firms to be customer-oriented. Tian et al. (2010) has studied the 3PL provider customer orientation is made up of four key logistics-driven first-order indicators: service variety, information availability, timeliness, and continuous improvement. From their study, the four aspects are explicit behavioral manifestations of 3PL customer orientation that improve customer performance. Take a look at the literature of Tian et al. (2010), its approach of research is to collect data from manufacturing customer firms. Therefore the study has limitations as it is only on the basis of the data from the perspectives of the customer firms. In my research, my data would go further with views both of the 3PL providers and customer firms in China.

3.Methodology

Methodology refers to the overall approach to the research process, from the theory foundation to data collection and analysis. As Silverman (1994) wrote‖ like theories, methodologies cannot be true of false, only more or less useful‖. This paper intends to take advantage of more useful methodology. First, I would attach a research approach to the research questions. Following that is the design of the research. Discussion of the way to analyze data would be provided in the end.

3.1 Research Approach

There are two common research approaches—deductive and inductive. In deductive approach, the conclusion is drawn that necessarily follows in logic thinking from the premises that are stated and tested hypothesis. However, in the inductive approach

researchers collect data and develop theory as a result of the data analysis. The figure

below illustrates the different formatting process of deductive and inductive approach.

Actually, there are no rigid divisions between deduction and induction. It depends on the nature of the research topic (Saunders, et al. 2007 p119). And more often than not, a combination of both approaches is used (Schadewitz and Jachna 2007). As the research questions of my dissertation is about 3PL performance in China from the perspective from both service providers and customers. For the analysis of the 3PL provider performance, there is a wide range of previous study about that area; and I intend to utilize the frame work of customer value-based theory and come up with some hypothesis to develop the research. Consequently I have to use deductive approach. On the other hand, regarding the view of 3PL customer firms, I plan to launch a survey to gather data and find some relevant aspects that are important for the customer. Therefore, inductive approach is taken as well.

3.2 Research Design

Research design covers three facets: research choices, research strategies and time horizons. It is the part to turn the research questions into a research project (Robson, 2002). The three parts would be discussed in context of my dissertation.

3.2.1 Research Choices

Two of the most popular terms in terms of techniques of data collection and procedures of data analysis in business and management research are qualitative and quantitative (Saunders, et al. 2007, p145). Quantitative methods examine the effects of specified circumstances on an result of interest in ways that can be expressed numerically (Lakshman, et al., 2000);qualitative inquiry applies to situations where relevant variables producing an outcome are not apparent or where the number of subjects or outcomes under study is insufficient for statistical analysis (Smelser, N.J., 1973). Recently, researchers are increasingly adapting mixed methods which combine quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques and data analysis procedures (Curran and Blackburn, 2001). Considering my research concerns both the 3PL providers and customer firms, I would like to use the mixed methods (―t riangulation‖). The research tries to use the combination of primary and secondary data.

3.2.1.1 Primary Data

To collect information that is related to current 3PL performance in developed countries, I prefer to interview an industrial engineer from FedEx UK. And I would like to do an interview of a manager of Chinese domestic 3PL provider—Deppon Logistics to get a glance of their current performance.In addition, I would conduct a survey in 20 to 30 customer firms in China to know what the most important factors when they select the 3PL provider.

Semi- structured Interview: In semi-structured interview, interviewees have the opportunity to provider developmental answers. I would make notes to record my observations during the interview. And as I want to do semi-structured interview, I

may adjust questions to the responses. Besides, I would use digital recorder as a supplementary. Questions for the interview could be:

●How many customer firms do your company cooperate with now?

●What kind of 3PL service do your company offer now?

●To what extend do you customer firm satisfy with the 3PL service now?

●What is your plan to improve the 3PL service?

The questions above are just part of the questions I would ask in the interview. And additional questions may be required depending on the flow of the interview. Survey: As my dissertation intend to discuss the 3PL performance based on customer value-based theory, it is necessary to get some ideas from the perspective of the customer firms. Therefore the research needs to gather the data about the criteria of selecting their 3PL provider, I plan to conduct a survey among customer firms.

3.2.1.2 Secondary Data

The main three subgroups of secondary data are: documentary, survey, and those complied from multiple sources (Saunders et al. 2007, p249). They could be either qualitative or quantitative. In my dissertation, as has noted in the former literature review part, millions of journals and books I could get the secondary data. Besides, I suppose to take advantage of survey-based secondary data to analyse the current status of 3PL service providers.

3.2.2 Research Strategy

Research strategy could be classified to three categories: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory studies. In response to my research questions, I would adopt mixed strategies. My dissertation would conduct exploratory research through a search for literature, and take advantage of descriptive studies via collecting data.

3.2.3 Time Horizons

In brief, longitudinal studies require researchers to observe people and events over time so that the measurement of the same variables or factors on a number of successive occasions is not affected by the research process itself (Baker 2003, p. 144). Notwithstanding, cross-sectional studies involves study of particular phenomenon at a particular time (Saunders et al. 2007, p. 96). Considering my research deals with the current status of 3PL service, I choose cross-sectional studies focusing on their performance in recent years.

3.3 Data Analysis

Bonoma (1985) suggests that all researchers desire high levels of data integrity and result currency. I would divide this section into three parts to achieve that objective. The first step is data preparation, which involves checking and inputting the data; checking the data for accuracy; entering the data into the computer; transforming the data. Then it comes to descriptive statistics. They are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study, which provide simple summaries about the survey and the measurements. The last part is inferential statistics which deal with interview questions, models and hypotheses. In the end, the results from inferential statistics would go beyond the original data alone.

3.4 Ethical Considerations

Three basic ethical principles are respect for persons and their autonomy, beneficence, and justice (Commonwealth of Australia, 1999; Sieber, 1992). I would bear these principles in mind and consider these ethical issues before I start my interviews with employees from 3PL providers. First, I would ask for willingness of the participants to join my research. In addition, I would require the ethical approval of recording and storage of the data, and ensure to obtain consent during the whole research process.

When analyze and report the outcomes of the data, enough attention would be given to protect the participants.

3.5 Research Limitations

Since the research is based on interviews of minority of the 3PL providers, it cannot be fully representative for the performance of the industry. Also, the research is conducted in the UK; the success factors of 3PL providers in other developed countries are not included. Furthermore, the findings come from survey data from the China alone; so it limits the feasibility they are generalized to other countries.

4.Time-frame

The research starts from 18th April. The first stage would last for one month to literature search and get a clear idea about how to develop a theoretical framework. Then it would bring about the final research questions and decision on the suitable methodology for collecting and analyzing different types of data. From the mid may, I would begin to conduct interviews and surveys for a month. The next step is to organize and analyze data using a variety of techniques and tools. After double-check the original proposal and literature, data, I would draw up a structure for the dissertation, and start to write the dissertation from late June. The dissertation is expected to complete in early August and there leaves a period of time to revise.

5.Likely Research Problems

Interview could be time-consuming and interviewees may have certain expectations about the interview and therefore give the answers that are ‘right‘ or ?acceptable‘ in

their opinion (Hussey, J. and Hussey, R, 1997). To overcome that problem, the interview questions could go into depth to eliminate the preconceived ideas. Another problem I may come across is the feasibility of conducting the survey among 3PL service customer firms. This survey would be sent by e-mail, and some of them would not respond to me. Facing this challenge, I would select more firms than I expect to send the survey. If that doesn‘t work, I would come back to China to conduct the survey.

6.Potential Contribution

Although a wealth of research has been done about the 3PL performance, little of them focus in China. My research deals with the current status and future of 3PL in China; it could provide more managerial implication for the 3PL provider who wants to develop 3PL service in China. In addition, my research tries to find the advanced service the 3PL provider offers in developed countries, and apply the findings to match the responses from Chinese 3PL customer firm to improve domestic 3PL performance.

References

Anderson, P. E. (1982), " Marketing, Strategic Planning and the Theory of the Firm‖, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 46, pp. 15-26.

Andersson, D. (1997), ―Logistics partnerships ±a transaction and operations cost

trade off‖, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Logistics,The University of Padua, Padua, 9-11 July.

Alderson, W. (1957), Marketing Behavior and Executive Action, Homewood, IL: Irwin.

Bonama, T.V. (1985), ―Case Research in Marketing: Opportunities, Problems, and a Process‖, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 22, pp.199-208.

Bagchi, P. and Virum, H. (1996), ―European logistics alliances: a management model‖, International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp.

93-108.

Bowersox, D.J. (1990), ``Strategic benefits of logistics alliances'', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, pp. 36-45.

Bowersox, D.J., Daugherty, P.J., Droge, C.L., Rogers, D.S., Wardlow, D.L. (1989), Leading edge logistics: competitive positioning for the 1990s. Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL.

Bolumole, Y.A. (2003), ―Evaluating the supply chain role of logistics service providers‖,International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp.

93-107.

Cooper, J. and Johnstone, M. (1990), ―Dedicated contract distribution: an assessment of the UK mark etplace‖, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 1 No. 20, pp. 25-31.

Creswell, J. (1994), Research Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Curran, J. and Blackburn, R.A. (2001), Researching the Small Enterprise, London, Sage.

Daugherty, P.J., Stank, T.P. and Ellinger, A.E. (1998), ―Leveraging logistics/distribution capabilities: the impact of logistics service on market share‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 35-51.

Dickson, P. R. (1992),‖Toward a General Theory of Competitive Rationality‖, Journal of Marketing, Vol.56, pp. 69-83.

Drucker, P. F. (1973), Management, New York: Harper & Row.

Deshpande, R. (1983), ――Paradigms Lost‖: On Theory and Method in Research in Marketing‖,Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 101-10.

Haas, D.A., Murphy, F.H. and Lancioni, R.A. (2003), ―Managing reve rse logistics channels with data envelopment analysis‖, Transportation Journal, Vol. 42 No.

3, pp. 59-69.

Hult, G.T.M., Ketchen, D.J. Jr and Slater, S.F. (2004), ―Information processing, knowledge development, and strategic supply chain performance‖, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 47 No. 2, pp. 241-53.

Hunt, S. D. and Robert M. M. (1995), ―The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition‖, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, pp.1-15.

Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. (1997),Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Macmillan Press, London.

Innis, D.E. and La Londe, B.J. (1994), ―Customer service: the key to customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and market share‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 1-27.

Knem eyer, A.M. and Murphy, P.R. (2005), ―Exploring the potential impact of relationship characteristics and customer attributes on the outcomes of third-party logistics arrangements‖, Transportation Journal, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp.

5-19.

Kumar, K. (2002), ―Market o rientation, organizational competencies and performance: an investigation of a path-analytic model‖, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 371-77.

La Londe, B. and Cooper, M. (1989), Partnerships in Providing Customer Service: A Third Party Perspective, Council of Logistics Management, Oak Brook, IL. Lai, F., Zhao, X. and Wang, Q. (2006), ―The impact of information technology on the competitive advantage of logistics firms in China‖, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 106 No. 9, pp. 1249-71.

Lakshman, M., L. Sinha, et al. (2000), "Quantitative Vs qualitative research methods‖, Indian Journal of Paediatrics, Vol. 67 No. 5, pp. 369-77.

Lee, H. L. and Lee, C.Y. (2007), DHL in China— Building Supply Chain Excellence in Emerging Economies, Springer: US.

Lieb, R.C. and Bentz, B.A. (2004), ―The use of third-party logistics services by large manufacturers: the 2003 survey‖, Transportation Journal,Vol. 43 No. 3, pp.

24-33.

Lieb, R.C. and Bentz, B.A. (2005), ―The use of third-party logistics services by large manufacturers: the 2004 survey‖, Transportation Journal, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp.

5-15.

Lieb, R.C. and Kendrick, S. (2003), ―The year 2002 survey: CEO perspectives on the current status and future prospects of the third-party logistics industry in the United States‖, Transportation Journal, Vol. 42 No. 3, pp. 5-16.

Lieb, R.C. and Miller, J. (2002), ―The use of third-party logistics services by large American manufacturers, the 2000 survey‖, I nternational Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 1-12.

Lieb, R.C., Millen, R.A. and Wassenhove, L.N. (1993), ―Third party logistics services: a comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers‖, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol.

23 No. 6, pp. 35-44.

Lieb, R.C. and Randall, H.L. (1992), ―The use of third-party logistics services by large American manufacturers‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 29-42.

Lieb, R.C. and Randall, H.L. (1996), ―A comparison of the use of third-party logistics services by large American manufacturers, 1991, 1994, and 1995‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 305-20.

Lieb, R.C. and Randall, H.L. (1999), ―1997 CEO perspectives on the current and future prospects o f the 3PL industry in the US‖, Transportation Journal, Vol.

38 No. 3, pp. 28-41.

Maltz, A.B. and Ellram, L.M. (2000), ―Selling inbound logistics services: understanding the buyer‘s perspective‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 69-88.

Meno n, M.K., McGinnis, M.A. and Ackerman, K.B. (1998), ―Selection criteria for providers of third-party logistics services: an exploratory study‖, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 121-37.

Mentzer, J.T., Flint, D.J. and Hult, T.M. (2001), ―Logi stics service quality as a segment-customized process‖, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 65 No. 4, pp. 82-104. Min, H. and Joo, S.J. (2006), ―Benchmarking the operational efficiency of major third-party logistics providers using data envelopment analysis‖, Supply Chain Management, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 259-65.

Murphy, P.R. and Poist, R.E. (1998), ―Third-party logistics usage: an assessment of propositions based on previous research‖, Transportation Journal, Vol. 27 No.

4, pp. 26-35.

Narver, J.C. and Slater, S.F. (1990), ―The effect of a market orientation on business profitability‖. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54 No. 4, pp. 20-35.

Panayides P. (2004). ―Logistics service providers: an empirical study of marketing strategies and company performance‖,International Journal of Logistics, Vol.

7, No. 1, pp. 1-15.

Robson, C. (2002), Real World Research. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.

Sahay, B.S. and Mohan, R. (2006), ―Managing 3PL relationships‖, International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, Vol. 2, pp. 69-90.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007), Research Methods for Business Students, 4th ed., Pearson Education Limited.

Schefczyk, M. (1993), ―Operational performance of airlines: an extension of traditional measurement paradigms‖, Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 301-17.

Sheffi, Y. (1990), ―Third party logistics: present and future prospects‖,Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 27-39.

Silverman, D. (1994), Interpreting Qualitative Data, Sage: London.

Sink, H.L., Langley, C.J. and Gibson, B.J. (1996), ―Buyer observations of the US third-party logistics market‖, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 38-46.

Slater, S. F. and John N. (1995), "Market Orientation and the Learning Organization‖, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59, pp. 63-74.

Slater, S.F. (1997), ―Developing a customer value-based th eory of the firm‖, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 162-67.

Smelser, N.J.(1973), ―The methodology of comparative analysis‖, In: Warwick D.P.

and Oshermn S. (Ed.),Comparative Research Methods,Prentice-Hall, New Jersy, pp. 42-86.

Smith, H. (1975), Strategies of Social Research: The Methodological Imagination, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Tongzon, J. (2001), ―Efficiency measurement selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis‖, Transportation Research, Vol. 35, pp. 115-28.

Walker, B. and Haslett, T. (2002), ―Action Research in Management—Ethical Dilemmas‖, Systemic Practice and Action Research, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 523-33. Wang, Q., Lai, F. and Zhao, X. (2008), ―The impact of information technology on the financial performance of third-party logistics firms in China‖, Supply Chain Management, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 138-50.

Wang, Q., Zantow, K., Lai, F. and Wang, X. (2006), ―Strategic postures of third-party logistics providers in China‖, I nternational Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 36 No. 10, pp. 793-819.

英文Proposal 范文

To: College of Business Administration Dean’s Office From: Zihao Fu Subject: A Proposal for setting up a food truck beside the new business building Introduction As the construction began in September, the new business building is finally coming to us. Taking up 140,00 square feet of space the building will have one 250-person lecture hall, three tiered 80-person classrooms, thirteen 50-person classrooms, three 50-station computer labs and many other features. This is definitely exciting for students, as they will be enjoying the business education in a fresh environment with brand new facilities. Faculties should also be pleased with bigger and brighter offices. The new business building can also work as an attraction that appeals to potential future K-State students. Since this is still a very early stage of the construction, it is still feasible for us to add more practical features to the building to better dealing with potential problems. Meanwhile the proposal can also increase the overall attractiveness of College of Business. Problem Description In the blueprint of the new business building we could see that a coffee shop is included. However, having only one coffee shop may not be sufficient. At a round 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock is the “peak hours” f or lunch. Long-winded lines are very common in Union’ food court, Einstein Bros Bagels as well as Derby Dining Center. It is hard to imagine a coffee shop with limited capacity can serve the whole business school, which has the biggest amount of undergraduate students in the university, efficiently. Taking a close look at the campus map I could not help but notice that the new business building is located at the Southeast side of the campus and seems to be alienated from other major buildings. With only one dining facility near the building can result in students who are taking classes at noon in the building has very limited choice for lunch. In addition, they will have to walk a long way to other dining facilities around the campus. Some other students might decide not to have lunch due to the intense schedule and the tiring long way. However, the lacking of essential nutrition and energy intake can cause really negative impact on students’ brain function. The lacking of concentration and reduce students’ attention in class, which ultimately affects their academic performance. Hence, I am proposing a solution to the problem.

bec proposal范文

May 21,2013 Dear Mr.Michael James, Re:Application for Most Improved Organisation Award I am writing to apply for the Most Improved Award which I have seen advertised in "China Daily" of Monday 14th April 2013. We are LDs Car Ltd Company.Our headquarter is located in No.569,Yuelu Road,Yuelu District,Changsha,Hunan,China.And we have 40 branches,13 in China and the other 27 branches in US,UK,Australia and Canada respectively.We are specialize in producing user-friendly cars in the world.Although our company has 50 years long history,being considered as traditional car brand,we never stop the step by developing new technologies and updating our products in coincide with up-to-date technology.Innovation and Low-Carbon Concept are new corporate philosophy. Last year,our research and development department designed a new model car which is called "Solar Powered Auto".This new model car has a attractive appearance and comfortable interior layout.The most breaking point is that we use solar energy rather than traditional petrol to power car itself.Thus we have built a important landmark in the car field. Through our promotion we have tried in the Chinese market ,we can easily find that the district economy has considerably improved due to the fact that our new products had increased the domestic consumption.Also,the feedback of field surveys from our customers shows that most of them satisfied with the environment-friendly cars. If we can win this award,we will make full use of the prize money to benefit our staff.Basically,the cash gifts will be given to those highly hardworking employees.We will also offer sticky rewards ,such as an all-expense-paid trip for an employee and his or her spouse,physical health check-ups,memberships or discounts on membership fees at health clubs and fitness centers and so on. With this great improvement our business has made,I believe that our company is totally qualified for this award. In the meantime,if you require any further information about our company,please do not hesitate to call me.My phone number is 342566658.I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely,

英语proposal范文

Introduction This proposal sets out to examine options for the successful globalization of our ‘Borders’ brand. The initial market under consideration is Continental Europe. For the purposes of this proposal, we will be considering three aspects of the brand, namely our logo, the ‘Borders’ concept and finally, the product itself, ‘Borders’ wellington boots. Findings The following points summarise our key findings. ?It was found that our existing logo, a pair of wellington boots encircled by the word ‘Borders’, is visual enough to be used in markets where English is not widely spoken. ?Attitudes to outerwear differ throughout Europe and our boots are likely to appeal to different market sectors in different countries. This has serious implications for the benefits we wish to publicise. Although Danish farmers would be willing to purchase such a high quality, product, farmers in some countries would be unlikely to choose a British brand over a domestic product. However, the very Britishness of the product would appeal to the style-conscious elements of the French and Italian markets, summoning up images of the English upper classes and country houses. ?Our current product is multi-purpose and as such would not need adapting to suit different sectors of the European market.

Project Proposal 项目建议书英文模板

Proposal for Junior Achievement Project Yanqin Fu Xiaoping Hu South Westfalia University of Applied Science

Table of Contents Executive Summary (1) Statement of Need (2) Project Description (4) Project Evaluation (7) Budget (8) Organization Profile (12) Timeline (13) Conclusion (14) Appendices (15)

Executive Summary With the fast growth of college graduate population, it is more and more difficult for students to find a job. Under this circumstance, setting up new businesses is becoming an effective way out. The government of China is laying great effort to encourage students to start up businesses. “Booming private capital is key to overall economic development”, says Prime Ministry Wen Jiabao. However, the lack of knowledge and experience is setting obstacles for the students. Therefore, we need urgently to strengthen students’ability in doing business. This proposal aims at introducing how the organization “Brilliant” plans to carry out the project of fostering entrepreneurship of college students in Hangzhou, and asking for a fund of 833,000 yuan to support the project.

聊一聊博士申请中关于proposal的那些事儿

有意向申请博士的同学，proposal是不可少的材料，但是很多同学貌似对proposal不只很了解，今天小编就为大家科普下关于Proposal到底是个什么鬼! 是什么? proposal就是博士研究课题和计划～这么讲，好像还是很抽象呢～仔细来说，博士是完全不同于授课型研究生的一种存在，没有课程设置，没有考试，没有论文题目。那读博要干什么呢?问的好，proposal就是解释申请人读博要做什么的。总而言之，就是读博课题和计划的解释汇总。怎么写? 虽然听起来很抽象，然后不同的学校，要求也有所不同，但是proposal也有一个道内人，公认的大致结构。 1.研究课题(research question)其实就是题目了，就是几万字博士毕业论文的题目了。真是套了个小马甲，就立马高大上起来了呢。 2.文献综述(literature review)文献综述就是对前人研究的总结，申请人研究课题相关领域的重要理论和大咖们的idea。 3.研究方法(research method)研究方法有很多种，不同的选题，适合的研究方法也不一致，但常见的有问卷调查和访问。为了得出此课题的独家结论，研究方法少不了呢～只读前人的文章，可是得不出全新的原创的结论呢。

tips：对于不同学校不同要求，应该怎样应对呢?按最苛刻的要求来写，比如说有的学校要求5000字，还有的要求3000字，那么自然要按照5000字来写，完成之后，删减内容，即可申请不同学校啦。相关要求? 1.研究课题：要求是独立原创，而且是前人没有研究过的视角。 2.文献综述：文献综述自然是能多广泛就多广泛，能多深入就多深入，而且critical thinking不能少啦。 3.研究方法：要两种以上研究方法，一种定量研究，一种定性。 tips：虽然proposal各方面要求都比master论文要求，但是有一点跟master论文是一样滴，都是reference越多越好啦。说起来都是费时间和脑子的技术活，各位想读博的同学们辛苦啦。论proposal与套瓷的关系：妯娌不分家咱们现在说说怎么在写proposal之时，怎样和导师沟通，套瓷于无形。此战略分为撒网群捞，重点培养，移花接木三个阶段。 1.撒网群捞当然是和心仪的导师们，注意是们，发邮件，说明自己的来意，简单介绍下选题。此阶段适合群发，因为申请人的选题未必在导师的研究领域，就算是在，有的导师可能研究任务重，或者学生较多，无力接受新的学生。 2.重点培养经过一轮的邮件轰炸，相信同学们已经有了几个固定联系的老师。此时，一定要保持定点定时邮件联系，无病呻吟找一些看似有深度，不易自己解决的问题，询问老师。这样即完善了自己的想法，丰富了proposal，又给导师留下了深刻的印象呢。 3.移花接木此阶段，同学们已经有了相对比较完整的关于proposal的设想。一旦完成之后proposal之后，同学们可以把能申请的和不能申请的学校都神了，不用仅局限于事先联系好的老师和学校，等待那个最perfect的offer。但是，此举不推荐给所有的同学。因为不厚道(汗)。正经的，之前联系好了的老师，已经相互了解，有比较好的磨合了。小编私以为导师适合最重要，当然也要看具体权衡了。

英语的建议书范文

英语的建议书范文不知道英语的建议书怎么写？别着急，下面整理了英语的建议书，欢迎大家阅读学习！ Dearclassmates: Noweverybodyadvocatesprotectingtheearth,protectourhomes,sol etusalsostarttoact,withourwisdom,useourhandstoprotecttheear thtogether,savenaturalresources.ThefollowingismySuggestions . Thefirstpoint:theuseofpaper 1,willnotrunoutofpaperinoldexercisebooksbound,dothedraft 2,savepaper,writeadraftpaperfull,notjustwriteafewwordsjustt hrowitaway.

3,trytosavepaper,toiletpaperandpapernapkin,useahandkerchief insteadofjustreplacewithahandkerchief. 4,inthewastepaperpracticewritingbrushcalligraphyandpainting traditionalChinesepainting. Thesecondpoint:theuseofwatersaving 1,canbeusedbutrelativelycleanwaterflushthetoilet,cleanthefl oororwatertheflowers. 2,waterintermittentcanturnoffthefaucet,avoidunnecessarywast e. 3,asmallamountofclothestowash,avoidwashingmachineswashwithp lentyofwater.

Proposal英文版

A Proposal to Study the Feasibility of Applying the Mobile Dining Service Platform Submitted to Mingjie Wang Instructor of Business English Reading & Writing Courses ZISU Prepared by Yingchun Du Department of Business English Class 1 ZISU October 19th, 2014

Internal Communication DATE: February 9, 2014 TO: Dr. Mingjie Wang FROM: Yingchun Du SUBJECT: Feasibility Study – Mobile Dining Service Platform Authorization and Background At our class on October 15th, our group discussed our research topic and decided to study the feasibility of the mobile dining service based on the widely-use of it. We have also made a simple list about our research and I submit this proposal to get the teacher's approval.

商务写作例文 proposal

Writing Your company exports to a number of countries around the world and is looking for a new agent for international freight. The Export Sales Manager has asked you to write a proposal saying which agent you recommend. Read the two advertisements below, on which you have already made some notes. Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your proposal for the Export Sales Manager. Write 120-140 words on a separate sheet. Globelink 25 years ’ experience in sea freight - worldwide destinations - Air freight also available -All documentation provided Competitive rates – quotes available on request Tel: 0208 344 879 FTD Shipping Agents Freight agents to many major ports -Refrigerated shipping -containers available -No quantity too small Contact Martin Taylor on 0207 234 5678 for further information and details of charges May need for urgent orders They complete all custom forms – FTD don ’t Mainly in Europe A bit higher than Globelink Could be useful for small orders

申请文书Research proposal怎么写

申请文书Researchproposal怎么写首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。Statementofpurpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。Researchproposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。通常researchproposal会比statementofpurpose长。依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。至于researchproposal要写得多详细有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。Researchproposal通常还会包含一个literaturereview，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里如果是你比较toppriority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。甚至如果有时间的话，可以去参加conference，遇到教授时就直接上前跟他攀谈。如果没有conference可参加，那就直接寄信问教授是否有意愿跟你会面。寄简短的researchproposal给教授，要注意的是，不要只写：我对你的研究很有兴趣…我毕业于XX大学…我觉得你

Research proposal example

Developing Research Proposals Handout Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis. It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in order to encourage them to think about particular kinds of projects. For instance, the example provided here was used in a Leadership Communication course. I’ve used the same format, but a different research project example, for a course on Organisational Communication Technology. Feel free to adapt it to your purposes.

怎么写篇漂亮的research_proposal

文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal.全文转载如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. Title:

Business_Proposal常用句型及范文

Tips on Writing (注意事项) √建议书要以事实为根据撰写 √提出的建议要具体，操作性要强。 √对采纳建议能带来的好处既要写的乐观，也要防止吹嘘。 √非自发性建议书中的项目投标书，作为一种营运文件，用于一项任务开发之前，往往需要附有预算表。 Useful W ords and Phrases（单词和短语） A.W ords (单词) annually adv. 每年 benefit n. 益处 bidder n. 投标方 concrete adj. 具体的 convincing adj. 令人信服的 diagram n. 图表 disqualify v. 取消资格 economize v. 节省 elaborate v. 阐述 escalation n. 提价 evaluate v. 评估 exhibit n. 正表 favorable adj. 有利的；积极的 formula n. 公式 hypothesis n. 假设 impartial adj. 公正的 inquiry n. 询价 logical adj. 逻辑的

negative adj. 负面的 objective adj. 可观的 offer v. 发价 optimize v. 优化 qualification n. 资格 quotation n. 报价recommendation n. 推荐；建议regulation n. 规章制度 statistics n. 统计（数据）teleconference n. 电话会议 tenderee n. 招标方 zoning n. 区域划分 B.Phrases （常用短语）acceptance criteria 接受标准 bid opening 开标 budget forecasting 预算 constructive proposal 建设性意见cooperative project 合作项目 costing presentation 成本核算executive summary 建议大纲；执行总结form of tender 投标书 general contactor 总承包商 in view of 鉴于 invitation to tender 招标 license fees 执照费用 letter of guarantee 银行保证书 local labor cost 本地劳务费用 long-range planning 长期规划operating expenses 运营费用 primary source 原始资料 profit margin 利润率 return on investment 投资收益率

会议,proposal模板

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除会议,proposal模板篇一：business_proposal常用句型及范文 tipsonwriting(注意事项) √建议书要以事实为根据撰写 √提出的建议要具体，操作性要强。 √对采纳建议能带来的好处既要写的乐观，也要防止吹嘘。 √非自发性建议书中的项目投标书，作为一种营运文件，用于一项任务开发之前，往往需要附有预算表。 usefulwordsandphrases（单词和短语） a.words(单词) annually benefit bidder concrete convincing diagram

disqualify economize elaborate escalation evaluate exhibit favorable formula hypothesis impartial inquiry logicaladv.每年n.益处n.投标方adj.具体的adj.令人信服的n.图表v.取消资格v.节省v.阐述n.提价v.评估n.正表adj.有利的；积极的n.公式n.假设adj.公正的n.询价adj. 逻辑的 negative objective offer optimize qualification quotation

recommendation regulation statistics teleconference tenderee zoningadj.负面的adj.可观的v.发价v.优化n.资格n.报价n.推荐；建议n.规章制度n.统计（数据）n.电话会议n.招标方n. 区域划分 b.phrases（常用短语） acceptancecriteria接受标准 bidopening开标 budgetforecasting预算 constructiveproposal建设性意见 cooperativeproject合作项目 costingpresentation成本核算 executivesummary建议大纲；执行总结 formoftender投标书 generalcontactor总承包商 inviewof鉴于 invitationtotender招标 licensefees执照费用

proposal范例

Abstract2 Introduction2 Background and rationale:2 Research questions and objectives:3 Preliminary literature review4 1.Understanding customers shopping motivations4 2. The different consumption ways5 3.Good relationship with consumer7 4. Personal values and attitudes9 Methodology11 Target ,Sample and Questionnaire11 Case study12 Evaluation and Qualitative Research13 Research Procedures13 Reference14

Consumption habits change the influence of retail (Research Proposal) Abstract Consumption habits of consumers is one of the key issues which would be taken intoretailers’ considerationfor their strategies and selling plans. In recent years, lots of new consumption patterns have appeared and come into vogue.The researchers carried out a study using the grounded theory approach through participant-observation and questionnaire research. The researchers chose the retail industry for the study because it provided the ideal conditions to answer the research question. This study aims to finding the way to make clear and assess the affectthat comsumption habits changes brought to retail and improve the attractiveness of traditional consumption pattern.The choice of methodology has provided the insight necessary to answer the research question.With improvement and consummation of its outcomes, the research could provide a useful framework of reference for further research ofconsumption patterns and retail crisis. Key words:consumption habits, cunsumption pattern, retail, influence Introduction