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英国习俗文化

英国习俗文化
英国习俗文化

英国的酒吧文化

Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of potential gaffes for the uninitiated.

访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。但对于初来乍到的异国人来说,这些友善的酒吧却犹如潜藏着有惹事危险的"地雷区"。

An anthropologist and a team of researchers have unveiled some of the arcane rituals of British pubs--starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters--you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.

一位人类学家和一组研究人员揭示了某些鲜为人知的英国酒吧文化。人们首先遇到的困难是从买酒开始的。大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保,你得到吧台去买酒。一伙意大利年轻人等了三刻钟才明白他们得自己去买。这听上去似乎让人觉得不方便,可却有它深刻的内涵。

Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and rea1ly quite normal behaviour. "If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain." This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' code of conduct for those wanting to sample "a central part of British life and culture". The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing irritates the regular customers and bar staff more than a gang of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and dither about what to order.

在因其冷漠而出名的英国社会里,酒吧文化的形成是为了促进社会交往。排队的时候可以和其他等待买酒的人交谈。在英伦诸岛上,和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所可能就是吧台了?你如果没去过酒吧,那就等于没有到过英国。"这个忠告可在名为《酒吧护照:旅游者酒吧仪俗指南》的小册子中找到,它对那些想要领略"英国生活和文化核心部分"的人是一种行为准则。问题是如果你不入乡随俗的话,你将一无所获。譬如说,你们若是团体前往,那最好是一个或两个人前去买酒。酒吧常客和酒保最腻味的就是一大伙人一边聊着一边又优柔寡断不知喝什么酒好,把通往吧台的路给堵住。

English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to nutrition. Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, eggs. At noon, the children eat lunch at school, adults at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just kill. Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a table. Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on. A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so on. Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be consumed. After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on.

Fried fish and fries (Fish and chips)

This is the traditional British fast food nation (fast

food). It is in the 19th century 60's pop up. At that time, the railway put start fresh fish one night directly (direct) transported from the east coast to London. English at the fish paste on top ofgood deep-fried in oil, and fried potatoes be eaten together. People put a mixture of salt and vinegar sauce and pour it into the article on fish and potatoes, with a newspaper bag, and then eat from the paper in hand. Today, people often use a clean paper packaging, and to provide a fork (fork).

Cha (Tea)

British National enjoy a cup of tea. At the traditional British (tradition) on people with porcelain tea cup, one person a cup, a spoonful of tea. The majority of British people like to drink strong tea, but I want to add much milk. Many years ago, people used to put milk into the cup, then add the tea, and finally add water.

Coffee (Coffee)

Now in the United Kingdom, as popularity of coffee and tea. People either do not add milk or add milk, or drink coffee or preparing a new instant coffee.

Wine (Wine)

English wine industry is very strong. More and more of the many vineyards are producing wine and red wine (red

wine). English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in each. Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more expensive.

Eating habits with knife and fork pyronaridine ~

British people generally preferred way of cooking there is: cooked in soy and vinegar, barbecue, fried and fried. Of meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique; However, the categories of the beef they have special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), is attached not only in the consumption of seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also will add some steak on the mustard sauce; at the use of seasoning on the butter and liquor preferences; at spice up the taste of meat Kou, cinnamon and other spices fresh.

The more well-known British cuisine has: beef kidney allocation (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fish Pai (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), the Royal butter chicken (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so on. British people enjoy hunting, only once a year at the hunting period, there is much of the hotel or restaurant will be introduced to game meal, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT),, such as cooking. General cooking game when using some gin or berries and wine, this approach is in order to remove the smell of mutton flavor of the food itself.

Breakfast is very important to the British people, British restaurants in the supply of a wide range of meals, have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge category, bread, jam and coffee. Nowadays the popular afternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is the mass from the United Kingdom, and its more famous there is Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the contents can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, muffin, fruit tarts (TARTE ) and sandwiches. Supper on the daily lives of English is also one of the most important part of the meal of their choice is usually late, and are eating betterto promote friendship between meals can imagine they belong to are very autonomous nation, and a supper for them could take hours.

The United Kingdom at the local, there will be lot of people who love to drink, mainly because it itself is also a wine producing country. English at the cost of alcohol consumption on the expenditure than the other also to the many.

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

全球著名十大建筑设计师及作品介绍

全球著名十大建筑设计师及作品介绍一:创新建筑师代表: Santiago Calatrava (卡拉特拉瓦) Santiago Calatrava 是世界上最著名的创新建筑师之一,也是备受争议的建筑师。Santiago Calatrava以桥梁结构设计与艺术建筑闻名于世,他设计了威尼斯、都柏林、曼彻斯特以及巴塞罗那的桥梁,也设计了里昂、里斯本、苏黎世的火车站。最近的作品就是著名的2004年雅典奥运会主场馆。 由于Calatrava 拥有建筑师和工程师的双重身份,

他对结构和建筑美学之间的互动有着准绳的掌握。他认为美态能够由力学的工程设计表达出来,而大自然之中,林木虫鸟的形态美观,同时亦有着惊人的力学效率。所以,他常常以大自然作为他设计时启发灵感的泉源。他设计的桥梁以纯粹结构形成的优雅动态而举世闻名,展现出技术理性所能呈现的逻辑的美,而又仿佛超越了地心引力和结构法则的束缚。 有的时候,他的设计难免会让人想起外星来客,极其突兀的技术美似乎全然出乎地球人的常规预料。这当然是得益于他在结构工程专业上的特长。早自20世纪初以来,桥梁的设计一直被托付给了路桥结构工程师,建筑师退避三舍好像已成习惯。由于有了卡拉特拉瓦,全世界的建筑师们才忽然发现了新的课题,在90年代前后爆发了对桥梁进行建筑设计的热潮,从一个新的角度重新开始塑造城市中的这类元素,进而影响到城市的面貌。2001年,卡拉特拉瓦在美国的第一个作品建成,是威斯康星州密尔沃基的美术博物馆扩建工程。此地原有一个旧馆,是在1957年由当地的建筑师事务所设计的,这一次卡拉特拉瓦加建的Quadracci展厅,名号不大,其实却造成了绝对喧宾夺主的局面。

英国文化习俗

英国文化习俗 现在英国人更加注重生活质量,追求精神享受。重要场合穿着很正规,平时追求简单、舒适的服饰。饮食式样简单,注重营养。英气候温和、湿润,英国人喜爱阳光。平时喜欢自己动手做家务,酷爱运动,喜欢外出旅游度假。另外英国人非常爱好文化活动,如阅读书刊、写文章、听音乐会、看戏等,还喜欢养宠物。 生活中的数字 在英国,成人平均每周22小时从事全日工作或全日教育,并以相同数量的时间用于家务劳动。而从事家务劳动的人的性别仍以妇女为最高。但妇女参加工作的越来越多。据国家统计局最新统计,妇女参加工作的比例45%。在非体力工作部门,妇女占一半。而在服务行业,妇女则占一半多,可谓"半边天"! 英国家庭的消费额1990年至1997年间增长了75%(含通货膨胀率)。而1998年二季度又比1997年上涨了2.8%。其消费格局也发生了很大变化。1997年,居民用于娱乐和教育支出耐用品的消费增加了10%。其支出内容为购买收音机、电视机、电话、电脑和其它耐用品。这部分消费还用于租录像机和音乐磁带,购买文体用品,以及教育投资。1997年一般商品成本价上涨了4.4%,但个别商品如食品、酒精、燃料都有不同程度的下降,下降比例最高的当属香烟。 由此可见,现在英国人的生活方式,更加注重生活质量,追求精神享受,并渐渐摆脱不良的生活习惯,如吸烟、酗酒。 追求简单、舒适的生活 西服仍称得上是英国的国服,但是,虽然上班族西装革履,甚至在重要场合,男士着燕尾服,女士着低胸晚礼服,但是,很多老百姓日常喜欢穿休闲服,式样简单、舒服合体。 英国人的饮食习惯亦式样简单,注重营养。早餐通常是麦片粥冲牛奶或一杯果汁,涂上黄油的烤面包片,熏咸肉或煎香肠、鸡蛋。中午,孩子们在学校吃午餐,大人的午餐就在工作地点附近买上一份三明治,就一杯咖啡,打发了事。只有到周末,英国人的饭桌上才会丰盛一番。通常主菜是肉类,如烤鸡肉、烤牛肉、烤鱼等。蔬菜品种繁多,象卷心菜、新鲜豌豆、土豆、胡萝卜等。蔬菜一般都不再加工,装在盘里,浇上从超市买回的现成调料便食用。主菜之后总有一道易消化的甜食,如烧煮水果、果料布丁、奶酪、冰激凌等。 公园与绿地 英国气候温和、湿润。一年四季适合各种花草树木的生长。政府在制定市区规划时,几乎在每一个生活小区都专门规划出一大块绿地或公园,供人们休息或散步,为孩子们嬉戏提供空间。 由于冬季阴雨多雾,使夏天的太阳对英国人来说变的特别宝贵。在阳光灿烂的周末,假日,公园里,沙滩上到处躺满了享受太阳浴的人们。更有英国人以把自己的皮肤晒成棕色发亮为时髦。 自己动手做 英国人喜欢在周末假日里自己动手修缮房屋,制作家具,装修房间,修整花园。甚至自己制作陶瓷工艺品,几乎无所不能。这不仅仅出于经济考虑,而是把此看作是培养个人技能,陶冶个人情操,也是休闲的生活方式之一。通过自己动手做,能使自己的居室更加舒适,更具个性化。 酷爱运动 据英国国家统计局最新统计,在1996至1997年间,有占总人口72%的男公民和57%的女公民,在4周之内,至少参加一体育运动。青少年参加校外体育活动的比例更高。 在众多的体育运动项目中,骑自行车、踢足球、打司诺克球、打网球、游泳和滑旱冰鞋,是众多男女共同爱好的项目。而每天散步两英里或更长的距离,一直是流行的运动。 丰富多彩的假日

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

英国历史文化论文精编版

英国历史文化论文精编 版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】

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《米兰大教堂》伯鲁诺列斯基 意大利米兰大教堂是欧洲中世纪最大的教堂,可供4万人举行宗教活动。它始建于1386年,到1485年才完成。 这座教堂全由白色大理石筑成,大厅宽达59米,长130米,中间拱顶最高45米。教堂的特点在它的外形:尖拱、壁柱、花窗棂,有 135个尖塔,象浓密的塔林刺向天空,且在每个塔尖上有神的雕像。教堂外部总共有2000多个雕像,甚为奇特。如果连内部雕像总共有 6000多尊,是世界上雕像最多的哥特式教堂。这个教堂有一个高达107米的尖塔,出于15世纪意大利建筑巨匠伯鲁诺列斯基之手。塔顶上有金色圣母玛利亚雕像,在阳光下显得光辉夺目,神奇而又壮丽。

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With an area of only 1 square meter, it is equipped with only one door, one window. But you can have a chair, a bed in it. Even more, you can use the computer with wifi in the house. It's movable with four wheels, so that it can be used as a tent. 最小的房子 它只有1平方米的面积,只有一扇门,一扇窗户。但是您可以坐在椅子上,也可以在床上。更重要的是,您可以在这里使用带wifi的电脑。它可以通过四个轮子移动,因此可以用作帐篷。

英国文化论文

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