中文英文缩写
# (符)HASH (symbol)
(ATM信元的)拆/装设备disassembler/assembler
(打印机)印后留空after space
(电话)叫醒alarm call
(电话)声震/声冲击acoustic shock
(电话)用户姓名address name
(电话设备上的)声罩acoustic hood
(电缆)气密接头air-tight joint
(电离层)D层D-layer
(电信网)管理功能(如自动计费/打印) administration facilities
(电压)驻波比测试仪VSWR tester
(光纤)接受锥acceptance cone
(画笔的)喷枪工具airbrush tool
(架空线条的)摆动/摇晃dancing
(脉冲)前沿advancing edge
(美)数字式先进D-AMPS=digitalAMPS
(气旋)除尘器cyclone
(视频)前端处理front processing
(收报人)名址行address line
(数据)时分复用器adaptive multiplexer = time division multiplex equipment
(数据库系统)自适应结构adaptive organization
(通信)开始(的信号)Go Ahead GA
(卫星)反射率/反射系数albedo
(修复维护性的)管理延迟administrative delay
(因特网)上网费access charge
(荧光屏)烧暗dark burn
(邮件)分拣accommodation distribution
(自)适应子波adaptive wavelet
* (符)star (symbol)
[美国]电气和电子工程师学会Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE “请发码”信号"send-digits" signal
1/8时钟Octet Binary CLocK OBCLK
1000BASE-T铜线千兆位a 1000BaseT/gigabit over copper cabling
10BaseT用户接口10BaseT User Interface TBTUI
3级时钟增强STratum 3 Enhanced ST3E
3阶高密度双极性码High Density Bipolar of order 3 HDB3
4线制干线four-wire trunk circuit
7号信令No.7 signaling
A 律A Law
A/B线A wire/B wire
A/B线中继A wire/B wire Trunk ABT
A/B线中继出板A wire/B wire Trunk Out ABTO
A/B线中继入板A wire/B wire Trunk In ABTI
Abis 接口Abis interface
Abis接口单元aBis Interface Unit BIU
Abis接口单元背板Backplane of aBis Interface Unit BBIU
Abis接口外围处理器aBis Interface Peripheral Processor BIPP
A-B图像混台器A-B cut mixer
AB线开短路测试AB open/short circuit test
ACSE服务提供者ACSE service provider
ACSE服务用户ACSE service-user
ACSE提供者ACSE-provider
AC电源线AC power cord
APS倒换恢复时间库APS wait-to-restore time database
ATM 适配层ATM Adaptation Layer AAL
ATM层链路ATM layer link
ATM传输能力ATM Transfer Capability ATC
ATM对等连接ATM peer-to-peer connection
ATM块传输/立即发送ATM Block Transfer/Immediate Transmission ABT/IT
ATM块传输/延时发送ATM Block Transfer/Delayed Transmission ABT/DT
ATM适配层ATM adaptation layer AAL
ATM适配层公共部分Common Part-AAL CP-AAL
ATM适配层业务特定部分Service Specific Part-AAL SSP-AAL
ATM无源光网络ATM Passive Optical Network APON
ATM业务量描述符ATM traffic descriptor
AU告警指示信号Administrative Unit-Alarm Indication Signal AU-AIS
A电源板power A
A和B位信令A&B bit signaling
A接口A interface
A-接口A interface
A接口单元A Interface Unit AIU
A接口及变码器(码型变换器)背板Backplane of A interface and TransCoder BATC A接口外围处理器A Interface Peripheral Processor AIPP
A律编码A-law coding
A律转换A law conversion
A通道channel A
A线和B线A&B leads
BCH编码Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham code BCH code
BGP路由文件布置和分配程序衰减BGP route flap dampening
BNC T型接头BNC T connector
BNC同轴插拔头BNC connector
BNC同轴插拔头(阳)BNC male connector
BNC同轴插拔头(阴)BNC female connector
BNC终接器BNC terminator
BTS的站址管理BTS Site Management BTSM
DSL传话音Voice over DSL VoDSL
D通道链路接入规程Link Access Procedure for D channel LAPD
D型子凹接头female D-subconnector
E/M 信令方式Ear and Mouth signaling E&M
E/M中继E&M Trunk EMT
E[线]和M[线]信令系统E and M signaling system
EDFA泵浦功率值EDFA pump power
EMS内存观察模块EMS Memory Viewing Module EMVM
EM用户板EM User Interface EMUI
FC型连接器full contact connector
G/T值/增益温度比 ratio of Gain to Temperature G/T
G:产生帧码A:帧定位Z:零串抑制P:极性转换A:告警C:时钟恢复H:帧同步重搜索O:局信令G: Generation of frame code; A: Alignment of frame; Z:
Zero-string suppression; P: Polarity conversion; A: Alarm; C: Clock recovery; H: Hunt during reframe; O: Office signaling GAZPACHO
GPRS支持节点GPRS Support Node GSN
GSM公众陆地移动网GSM Public Land Mobile Network GSM PLMN
GSM演进的增强数据速率Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution EDGE
G波段(4.O~6.OGHz)G-band
IC起拔器IC extractor
Internet 工程任务组Internet Engineering Task Force IETF
Internet 连接电话Internet Connection Phone IC Phone
Internet分组交换/互联网包交换Internet Packet eXchange IPX
Internet服务提供者/互联网业务提供商Internet Service Provider ISP
Internet号码分配局Internet Assigned Number Authority IANA
Internet消息接入协议Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP
IN交换管理IN Switching Management IN-SM
IP 电话IP telephony
IP 组播技术IP multicast technology
IP策略语句IP-policy statement
IP地址IP address
IP伪装IP masquerading
ISDN 用户协议ISDN User Protocol ISUP
ISDN信令控制部分ISDN Signaling Control Part ISCP
ITU-T标准ITU-T recommendation
Mu 律μLaw
m阶支路单元组m order Tributary Unit Group TUG-m
No.7共路信令系统Common Channel Signaling system No.7 CCS7
No.7信令ISDN用户部分Integrated Services User Part ISUP
n级(时钟)n=2,3,4 Stratum n enhanced STn
n阶管理单元n order Administrative Unit AU-n
n阶容器n order Container C-n
N阶同步传送模块(N=1,4,16,64)N order Synchronous Transport Module (N=1, 4, 16, 64) STM-N
n阶虚容器n order Virtual Container VC-n
OSI系统互联参考模型OSI reference model
PCM 小型化接口设备compact PCM interface equipment ZXSM-10S PVC线槽安装组件PVC trough installation component
P-坚持协议P-persistent protocol
SC型连接器square couple connector
SDH交叉连接Synchronous Digital hierarchy Cross-Connect SDXC SDH两路映射芯片2 Mbit/s to TU-12 async mapper-desync ZX2501-2 SIB库SIB library
SNMP守侯SNMP daemon
STM-1高阶开销处理器STM-1 High Order Overhead Processor ZX2543 TDM(时分复用)总线交换TDM bus switching
T网话音通路"T" HighWay THW
T型头T connector
V5接口的无源光网络V5-PON (Passive Optical Network)
X位比特间插奇偶Bit Interleaved Parity of depth X BIP-X
ZXJ10数字程控交换机ZXJ10 digital SPC switch
阿贝尔变换Abel transform
阿贝尔群Abelian group
阿贝聚光镜Abbe condenser
阿尔卡特(法)Alcatel
阿范斯电阻丝(铜镍合金丝)Advance
阿罗哈网Additive Links Online Hawaii Area ALOHA
爱尔兰(话务)ERLang ERL
爱尔兰B公式Erlang B formula
爱立信Ericsson
安保自动化系统Security Automation System SAS
安全超文本传输协议Secure HyperText Transport Protocol SHTTP
安全格式化safe format
安全管理security management
安全接地safety ground
安全帽safety helmet
安全筛选SECurity screening SEC
安全套层Secure Sockets Layer SSL
安装场地配线site wiring
安装成套件(工具包)installation kit
安装费installation charge
安装进度installation progress
安装手册installation manual
安装文件installation file
按次付费电视pay-per-view
按次计费制message rate system
按次计费制/测量系统metering system
按电路群闭塞block by circuit group
按分计费charge per minute
按键/键控电话适配器Key Telephone Adapter KTA
按键脉冲话机pulse phone set
按键式[音频信号]电话机touch-tone telephone
按键式图文电视touch-tone teletext
按秒计费per second calculation
按目标选择路由Destination Call Routing DCR
按钮Push-Button PB
按钮话机push-button telephone set
按钮框button box
按时间选择路由Time Dependent Routing TDR
按下通话Press-To-Talk PTT
按需分配demand assignment DA
按需分配带宽bandwidth on demand
按需分配的数据信道demand-assigned data channel
按需分配电话通道DA voice channel
按需分配多路存取Demand Assignment Multiple Access DAMA 按需求分配的多址连接Demand-Assigned Multiple Access DAMA 按用户规定选路user defined routing
按月付费monthly payment
暗斑/暗点dark spot
暗边dark side
暗淡面dark tint face
暗导电率dark conductivity
暗电流dark current
暗电阻dark resistance
暗电阻率dark resistivity
暗光/不可见光dark light
暗光纤dark fiber
暗迹管/黑迹管dark trace tube
暗区dark space
暗卫星(秘密卫星)/哑卫星(不发信的卫星)dark satellite
暗噪声dark noise
八-二进制编码octal-binary coding
八连零取代双极性码Bipoar with 8-Zero Substitution B8ZS
八位位组/八位字节/八比特组octet
八位组流协议Octet Stream Protocol OSP
巴科斯诺尔范式Backus Naur Form BNF
拔钉锤claw hammer
白光/消色差光achromatic light
白色/消色差色achromatic color
百秒呼Hundred Call Seconds HCS
拜访PLMN Visited PLMN VPLMN
拜访外围模块Visitor Peripheral Module VPM
拜访位置寄存器Visitor Location Register VLR
扳手wrench
班长闭锁monitor lock-out
班长开锁 monitor unlock
班长席chief operator/monitor position
板位board (card) slot
板支持包Board Support Package BSP
版本version
版权copyright
办公文件互换格式Office Document Interchange Format ODIF 办公自动化系统Office Automation System OAS
半导体光放大器Semiconductor Optical Amplifier SOA
半费区half tariff area
半功率波瓣half-power lobe
半菱形天线half rhombic antenna
半双工half-duplex
半双工传输half duplex transmission
半速Half Rate HR
半速率话务信道half rate traffic channel
半永久连接/半固定接路semi-permanent connection
半载half load
半转half run
半自动核对 semi-automatic check
半自动呼叫接续semi-automatic call connection
伴随网络adjoint network
伴随系统adjoint system
绑定binding
包标识方案packet tagging scheme
包层cladding
包调度和丢弃packet scheduling and discarding
包级过滤packet level filtering
包价/统一收费率flat rate
包交换业务packet-based service
包容呼叫Include Call IC
包月费monthly flat rate
饱和saturation
保持计时器retention timer
保持模式hold-on mode
保持性能(时钟)holdover performance
保护板guard plate
保护倒换Protection Switching PS
保护倒换计数Protection Switching Count PSC
保护倒换事件Protection Switching Event PSE
保护地protection ground
保护地线protective grounding wire
保护电阻protective resistor
保护频带guard band
保护通道protecting path
保护协议信令protecting protocol signaling
保护组protection group
保留/备用路由reserved route
保留/备用频道reserved channel
保险管座fuse base
保修期warranty period
堡垒主机dual-homed gateway
报警打印输出 alarm printout
报警显示alarm display
报警箱/盘alarm box
报警信号alarm signal
报头header
报头开始字符Start Of Header/Heading SOH
报头校验和header checksum
报文传送及存储单元Message-transmission and Storage Unit MSU 报文交换message switching
报文流(面向连接的)message stream
报文流量message flux
报障台complaint desk
抱杆pole
备份backup
备份不间断电源standby uninterrupted power supply
备份原则redundancy concept
备件spare part
备链路standby link
备用域控制器Backup Domain Controller BDC
备用中继线/附加干线additional trunk
背板/底板backplane
背景块误码Background Block Error BBE
背景色 background color
背景误块比Background Block Error Ratio BBER
背面rear face
背面布线back wiring
背视图rear elevation
被缓存的锚点cached anchor
被叫侧called side
被叫的终端适配器called terminal adapter
被叫地址不全called address incomplete
被叫方called party
被叫分组计费called grouping charging
被叫付费/反向计费REVerse charge REV
被叫号码CaLleD number CLD
被叫会晤层用户called session service user
被叫控挂机called party release
被叫连接线识别提供(补充业务)Connected Line Identification Presentation CLIP 被叫连接线识别提供限制(补充业务)Connected Line Identification presentation Restriction CLIR
被叫应答called party reply
被叫原籍网terminating home network/called home network
被叫终端标识音called terminal identification tone
被吸收的辐射absorbed radiation
被吸收能量absorbed energy
本地/长途合用交换机combined local/toll exchange
本地登记功能Local Register Function LRF
本地电源Local Power Supply LPS
本地多点分配业务Local Multipoint Distribution Service LMDS
本地分配网Local Distribution Network LDN
本地管理终端Local Management Terminal LMT
本地话务台号码local traffic console number
本地回路local/home loop
本地交换局/市话交换机/市话局local exchange
本地交换子系统Local Switching Subsystem LSS
本地接入费local access charge
本地接入和传输区域Local Access and Transport Area LATA
本地接入级(指用户环路)local access level
本地局local office
本地通信控制器local communication controller
本地网/市话网local network
本地网卡Local Area Network Card LANC
本地移动台识别码Local Mobile Station/Subscriber Identity LMSI
本地自动消息记帐Local Automatic Message Accounting LAMA
本方/本局home side/host office
本建筑物以外的/机房以外的/用户房间外的/宅外的/不放在现场的/离站的/楼外的
off-premises
本局端local end
本局号码local office number
本振local oscillator
本征(固有)损耗intrinsic loss
崩溃breakdown/collapse/avalanche
泵激光器pump laser
逼近技术approximation technique
比较器comparator
比特/秒bits per second bps
比特插入bit insertion
比特传输速率/位传输速率bit transmission rate
比特串bit string
比特定时/位定时bit timing
比特分配信号Bit Allocation Signal BAS
比特集bit set
比特间插奇偶校验Bit Interleaved Parity BIP
比特交换网Bit-Oriented Switching Network BOSN
比特交织bit interleaving
比特流/位流bit stream
比特率容差bit rate error tolerance/bit ratio tolerance
比特识别/位识别bit identification
比特同步/位同步BIT Synchronization BITS
比特完整性/位一致性bit integrity
比特转移bit transition
闭合用户群Closed User Group CUG
闭塞出 outgoing blocked
闭塞解除信号UnBLocking signal UBL
闭塞入incoming blocked
闭塞信号BLOcking signal BLO
闭塞证实信号BLocking Acknowledgement signal BLA
闭锁出局国际呼叫Barring of Outgoing International Call BOIC
闭锁除直接到归属PLMN国家外国际呼叫barring of outgoing international calls except those direct to the home PLMN
闭锁全部输出呼叫(除归属国外)barring all outgoing calls (except home country) 闭锁所有国际呼出业务Barring of all Outgoing International Calls BOIC
闭锁所有呼出业务/闭锁全部去话Barring of All Outgoing Calls BAOC
闭锁所有呼入业务/闭锁全部来话Barring of All Incoming Calls BAIC
闭锁用户线block subscriber line/close subscriber line
壁挂式wall-mounted
避雷针lightning arrester
边带滤波sideband filter
边界关口Border Gateway BG
边界网关协议Border Gateway Protocol BGP
边模抑制比Side Mode Suppression Ratio SMSR
边信息 side information
边缘交换单元Edge Switch ES
编程器programming device
编号规则numbering rule
编号计划/方案numbering plan
编号区numbering area
编辑器editor
编解码COde/DECode CODEC
编路控制routing control
编码/码型变换器transcoder
编码变换transcoding
编码变换器速率适配单元Transcoder Rate Adaptor Unit TRAU
编码参数 coding parameter
编码视频比特流 coded video bit stream
编码顺序 coded order
编码违例Coding Violation CV
编译compilation
编址的接收站addressed receiving station
扁三相插座flat three-phase socket
便携部分Portable Part PP
便携机portable computer/notebook/laptop
便携式终端portable terminal
变电站substation
变量variable
变速率码Variable Rate Code VRC
变速率码本激励线性预测Variable Rate Code Book Excited Linear Prediction VRCBLP
变址/地址修改address modification
标称nominal
标记绑定label binding
标记保持label retention
标记分发协议Label Distribution Protocol LDP
标记交换路径Label Switching Path LSP
标记条目label entry
标记映射label map
标记语言markup language
标识号identification number
标题码 title code
标题字段heading field
标题字节header byte
标志/标志码flag
标准插座Registered Jack RJ
标准发送顺序normal sending sequence
标准件standard component
标准接口适配器Standard Interface Adapter SIA
标准连接器canon type connector
标准模块区 standard module area
标准清晰度电视Standard Definition TV SDTV
标准通用标记语言Standard Generalized Markup Language SGML
表面安装部件surface mounted assembly
表面安装技术Surface Mount Technology SMT
表面电荷surface charge
表面涂层surface coating process
表示层presentation layer
表示函数Presentation Function PF
表示上下文presentation context
别名alias
并/串变换Parallel/Serial conversion P/S
并串变换器 parallel to serial converter
并发登录concurrent login
并柜combined cabinets
并行处理parallel processing
并行服务器parallel server
并行输入parallel in
拨动开关/乒乓开关toggle switch
拨号dial
拨号不全incomplete dialing
拨号程序(上网)dial-up program
拨号间隔超时/数位间超时interdigit timeout 拨号接入码dial access code
拨号接入系统dial-in access system
拨号脉冲话机dial pulse telephone set
拨号盘脉冲Dial Pulse DP
拨号前时间监视pre-dialing time supervision 拨号网络dial-up network
拨号未完挂机withdrawal of a call
拨号音dialing tone
拨号音不断(拨号后)non-stop dial tone
拨号字冠dialing prefix
拨码开关DIP switch
波长wavelength
波长计/频率计cymometer
波导waveguide
波导滤波waveguide filter
波导效应waveguide effect
波动势cymomotive force
波段频带frequency band
波分复用Wave Division Multiplexing WDM 波峰焊wave soldering
波峰焊接机wave soldering unit
波特baud
波纹管bellows
波形waveform
剥线钳wire stripper
泊松分布Poisson distribution
泊松话务Poisson traffic/pure chance traffic 博奕论game theory
薄型光纤带thin optical fiber ribbon
补充记录/追加记录additional record
补充项/增添项addition item
补充业务功能supplementary service function
补丁patch
补丁程序 program patch
捕获/拦截/收集/采集/获取acquisition
捕捉 capture
捕捉范围pull-in range
捕捉器acquirer
不成功扩展后向建立信息消息Extended Unsuccessful backward setup information Message EUM
不等臂混合线圈unequal-arm hybrid coil
不等长编码/可变长编码 variable length coding
不等位编号non-uniform numbering
不等位编码unequal coding
不定故障indeterminate fault
不定期检查casual inspection
不对称数字用户环路(=线路)Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop ADSL
不对称数字用户线Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADSL
不对称数字用户线(系统)Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADSL
不分级网/无等级网/无级网non-hierarchical network
不干胶标签sticky label
不工作电流non-operational current
不归零制Non-Return-to-Zero NRZ
不合格应答信号Answer Signal/Unqualified ASU
不合理信号unreasonable signal
不活动性测试Inactivity Test IT
不可达unreachable
不可到达呼叫转移Call Forwarding on Not Reachable CFNR
不可懂串音unintelligible crosstalk
不可路由的话务unroutable traffic
不可用秒UnAvailable Second UAS
不可用时间UnAvailable Time UAT
不可用性unavailability
不利状态adverse slate
不连续发送Discontinuous Transmission DTX
不良磁道bad track
不良分页bad page break
不良信息flame
不良信息饵flame bait
不良信息战flame war
不能到达目的地destination unreachable
不能呼出用户outgoing barred subscriber
不能呼入呼出用户incoming and outgoing barred subscriber
不能呼入用户incoming barred subscriber
不平衡输入UnBalanced Input UBI
不确认信息传输业务Unacknowledged Information Transfer Service UITS 不同相out-of-phase
不在位(单板)not-in-position
不占用空中通道的呼叫启动Off Air Call Set Up OACSU
不正常识别abnormal recognition
不正常释放abnormal release
不正常释放abnormal release
布尔搜索Boolean search
布尔型Boolean mode
布拉格光纤反射器Bragg Fiber Reflector BFR
布拉格声反射acoustic Bragg reflection
布里渊散射Brillouin Scattering
布线/配线wiring/cabling
布线逻辑控制系统Wired Logic Control WLC
步长step length
步法/速率gait
步进应力试验/级增应力试验step stress test
步进制 step-by-step system
部件part
部件装配part assembling
财政年度fiscal year FY
采集系统acquisition system
采样值sampling value
彩色喷墨打印机color ink-jet printer
彩色视频信号chrominance video signal
彩色图形适配器Color Graphics Adapter CGA
参考场 reference field
参考点reference point
参考负荷reference load
参数选用表picklist
参数组parameter set
残留边带调制Vestigial SideBand-Amplitude Modulation VSB-AM
残缺/演示版本crippled/demo version
残余误码率Residual Bit Error Ratio RBER
操作/管理和维护Operation/Administration and Maintenance OAM
操作差错/异常终止/灾难性故障bust
操作和维护应用部分Operation and Maintenance Application Part OMAP 操作控制中心operational control center
操作失败operation failure
操作手册operation manual
操作台operator console
操作维护单元Operation & Maintenance Unit OMU
操作维护模块Operation Maintenance Module OMM
操作维护中心Operation and Maintenance Center OMC
操作位置/作用位置active position
操作位置寻址active position addressing
操作系统Operating System OS
操作系统功能块(TMN)Operation System Function block OSF 操作与维护Operation & Maintenance O&M
操作与维护链路Operation and Maintenance Link OML
操作支撑部分Running Support Part RSP
槽位slot
槽位兼容slot compatibility
草图sketch diagram
侧板套件side board kit
侧门side door
侧装式旋钮side-mounted knob
测量/计次/计费/记录/登记metering
测量粒度measurement granularity
测量台measurement console
测量台test board/bed/bench
测内端Test Inside End TIE
测试板自检test-board self-test
测试电路test circuit
测试控制台test console
测试码test code
测外端Test Outside End TOE
策略传播policy propagation
层2管理连接Layer 2 Management Link L2ML
层2中继Layer 2 Relay L2R
层3移动管理Layer 3 Mobility Management L3MM
层次/体系hierarchy
层次结构/分级结构/分层结构hierarchical structure
层叠/级联(窗口)cascade
层管理实体Layer Management Entity LME
叉车forklift
插拔(电路板)insert and extract (circuit board)
插板plug-in card
插板固定器retainer of plugboard
插补分辨率interpolated resolution
插话break-in
插脚引线pinouts
插孔jack
插框plug-in shelf
插入卡/插入板/附加板add-in card
插入式端子plug-in terminal
插入衰减insert attenuation
插入损耗Insertion Loss IL
插线面板/接线板/接插板patch panel/board
插箱plug-in box
插座/插口/套节socket
插座转接器/适配器socket adapter
查地址文件addrout file
查号台directory assistance position
查看日志view log
查询电路inquiry circuit
差别化业务编码点Differential Services Code Point DSCP
差错处理error handling
差错恢复error recovery
差错检测error detection
差错控制error control
差错率error rate
差错校验和纠正Error Check and Correct ECC
差错校正error correction
差分平衡对线输出电路differential balanced symmetry output circuit 差分四相移相键控Differential Quarter Phase-Shift Key DQPSK
差拍heterodyne beat
拆单边single side disconnection
拆线证实 clear confirmation
拆线证实延迟CLear Confirmation Delay CLCD
柴油发电机diesel generator
掺铒光纤放大器Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA
掺合剂/杂质admixture
产品系列product portfolio
长/市合一交换设备local/toll switching system/switch/exchange
长波段Long-wavelength Band L-Band
长距long haul/long distance
长期比特差错率long term bit error rate
长期频率稳定度long term frequency stability
长途半自动插入semiautomatic toll offering
长途半自动业务toll semiautomatic service
长途插入音toll offering tone
长途话单(功能)toll ticket
长途区号area code
长途通信公司Interexchange Carrier IC
长途网toll network
长途无权用户类别toll unauthorized category
长途转接局toll transit exchange
长途字冠toll prefix
常规波段Conventional-wavelength Band C-Band
常规内存conventional memory
常规突发脉冲序列Normal Burst NB
常见问题解答Frequently Asked Questions FAQ
场图像field picture
场预测field prediction
场周期 field period
超长距离(传输)Ultra Long Haul ULH
超大规模集成Ultra Large Scale Integration ULSI
超大规模集成电路Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit VLSIC
超大中继局super-large trunk exchange
超低频Ultra Low Frequency ULF
超高速数字用户线路Very-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber Line VDSL 超级卡hypercard
超级链hyperlink
超宽带ultra-broadband
超媒体hypermedia
超密集波分复用Ultra Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing UDWDM 超前角advance angle
超柔电缆super soft cable
超时time-out
超时无回应time-out no-response
超时延excessive delay
超视距over the horizon
超视距通信over-the-horizon communication
超文本标识语言Hyper Text Markup Language HTML
超文本传送协议HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP
超信道ultra channel
超载容量/过载容量/过载能力overload capacity
超帧hyperframe/superframe
超准同步数字系列Super Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy SPDH
车内贯穿损耗in-vehicle breakthrough loss
沉头螺钉sunk screw
衬板lining board
成反比in inverse proportion to/inversely proportional to
成批in BATches BAT
成套complete set
成套电缆cable set
成套配件adaptation kit
成套资料 a suite of documents
成型泡沫contoured foam
成帧 framing
成帧器framer
成组发码en bloc transmission
承诺的信息速率Committed Information Rate CIR
承载电路bearer circuit
承载能力标示单元Bearer Capability Identity Element BCIE
承载通路分配bearer channel distribution
承载通路连接Bearer Channel Connection BCC
承载信道bearer channel/B channel
承载业务bearer service
承重能力weight capacity
城域网Metropolitan Area Network MAN
程控交换设备SPC (Stored Program Control) switch/switching equipment 程序编译program compilation
程序敏感故障programme-sensitive fault
程序设计语言programming language
程序识别码Program IDentification PID
迟接delayed completion
迟接呼叫/广播呼叫/挂号呼叫booked call
迟接业务delay service
迟延呼叫delayed call
迟延去话呼叫delayed outgoing call
持续故障/永久故障/顽固故障persistent fault/permanent fault/solid fault
尺寸/容量估计sizing
齿形锁紧垫圈toothed lock washer
充电方式charge mode
充气电缆air-pressure cable
充气管/离子管gas tube
充气维护光缆gas filling maintaining optical cable
充气维护系统gas pressure system
充值recharge
充值金额credit
充值卡voucher card/scratch card
充值中心voucher center
冲击电流impact/surge current
冲击钻percussive/impact/hammer drill
冲突检测collision detection
抽气/排气air exhaust
抽象本地原语Abstract Local Primitive ALP
抽象方法abstract method
抽象分接参数abstract-unbind parameter
抽象分接操作abstract unbind operation
抽象关联abstract-association
抽象规程abstract procedure
抽象合接参数abstract-bind parameter
抽象合接操作abstract bind operation
抽象机abstract machine
抽象语法标记Abstract Syntax Notation ASN
抽样与保持Sample and Hold S/H
出厂检验报告pre-delivery inspection report/delivery inspection report
出厂验收pre-delivery inspection
出错告警模块Fault Alarming Module FAM
出局outgoing
出局/出中继闭塞outgoing blocking
出局电路群outgoing circuit group
出局进程outgoing process
出局禁止outgoing call barring/barred
出局删除位outgoing deletion digit
出局专线outgoing-only line
出口/网关局 gateway exchange
出站话务outbound traffic
出中继电路群outgoing trunk circuit group
初充电initial charge
初级系统entry-level system
初始存取时间initial access time
初始地址消息Initial Address Message IAM
初始地址信息initial address information
初始化报文initial message
初始化信道分配initial channel assignment
初始频率偏移initial frequency offset
初始失效/原始故障primary failure
初始帧间隔Initial Frame Separation IFS
初始状态initial state
除归属PLMN国家用户的呼叫calls except those directed to the home PLMN country
除了指向本地PLMN国家外的BOIC BOIC except those directed to the home PLMN country
储气瓶/煤气罐gas cylinder
处理机/器processor
处理机占用率 processor occupancy
触发检测点Trigger Detection Point TDP
传递(禁止/允许和受限)消息TransFer (prohibited/allowed and restricted) Message TFM
传递/转移禁止信号TransFer Prohibited signal TFP
传递/转移受控信号TransFer Controlled signal TFC
传递/转移所有呼叫Transfer All Calls TAC
传递/转移许可信号TransFer Allowed signal TFA
传递证实位D-bit=delivery confirmation bit
传动器/(电磁铁)螺线管/激励器/执行元件actuator
传感式手套sensor gloves
传号和空号mark and space
传号交替反转Alternate Mark Inversion AMI
传声因数(透声因数)acoustical transmission factor
传输/发送电平transmit level
传输层transport layer
传输层服务接入点Transport layer Service Access Point TSAP
传输带宽transmission bandwidth
传输会聚Transfer Convergence TC
传输结尾End Of Transmission EOT
传输介质transmission medium
传输控制协议/互联网协议Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP 传输劣化Transmit Degrade TD
传输路径Transmission Path TP
传输能力transmission capability
传输容量transmission capacity
传输设备transmission equipment
传输设施transmission facility
传输失效Transmit Fail TF
传输实体transport entity
传输适配器transmission adapter
传输损耗transmission loss
传输特性transmission characteristic
传输通道transmission channel
传输维护中心Transmission Maintenance Center TMC
传输中断transmission interruption
传送功能Transport Function TF
传送码流transport bit stream
传送网transport network
传真影(图)像facsimile image
串/并变换Serial/Parallel conversion S/P
串接监视Tandem Connection Monitor TCM
串口线serial port line
串联线路接口协议Serial Line Interface Protocol SLIP
串行磁盘系统Serial Disk System SDS
串行管理控制器Serial Management Controller SMC
串行通信serial communication
串行通信接口Serial Communications Interface SCI
串行通讯控制器Serial Communications Controller SCC
串行外围接口Serial Peripheral Interface SPI
串音/话cross talk
垂直(场/帧)同步信号vertical synchronizing signal
垂直度verticality
垂直消隐间歇Vertical Blanking Interval VBI
垂直校验vertical (parity) check
纯随机业务量 pure chance traffic
纯用户模块pure subscriber module
纯中继模块pure trunk module
磁场magnetic field
磁带Magnetic Tape MT
磁卡阅读机magnetic card reader
磁盘disk
磁盘操作系统Disk Operating System DOS
磁盘镜像disk mirroring
磁盘驱动控制器disk drive controller
磁石中继Magneto Trunk MT
次要告警minor alarm
从服务器slave server
从节点sub-node
从时钟slave clock
粗10Mb/s基带以太网线10Base 5
粗调coarse tuning
粗缆thick cable
粗缆以太网thicknet
猝发/爆发/脉冲串/字符组/色同步信号burst
簇/区群cluster
簇控制器cluster controller
篡改信道信息/伪造信道信息active wiretapping = passive wiretapping 催挂音/嗥鸣音howler tone
催缴费dunning
存储板Storage Board SB
存储程序控制交换机Stored Program Control Switch SPC Switch
存储键store key
存储媒体storage media
存储密度storage density
存储器MEMory MEM
存储器导向器storage director
存储切换bank switching
存储容量memory capacity
存储转发交换store-and-forward switching
存档archive
存取臂/磁头臂access arm
存取冲突/存取对抗access conflict
存取控制表access control list
存取周期access cycle
锉刀file
错进错出Garbage In/Garbage Out GIGO
错误/软件故障bug
搭接业务/代答业务/截接业务(PBX)pick-up service
达林顿放大器Darlington amplifier
打包带strap
心理学专业英语复习资料 I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese 1. Research Methods 研究方法 2. Psychophysics 心理物理学 3. Theories of Learning 学习理论 4. Social Cognition 社会认知 5.Personality Test 人格测试 6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量 7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究 8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力 9. Motor control 运动控制 10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体 11. Group Thinking 群体思维 12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠 13. Social Exchange 社会交换 14. Social Approval 社会赞许 15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散 16. Recency Effec 近因效应 17.Trace Decay 痕迹消退 18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘 19. Social Support 社会支持 20. Self-efficacy 自我效能 21. Case Study 个案研究 II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English 1. 机能主义functionalism 2. 自我实现self—actualization 3.一般规律研究法nomothetic method 4. 分层抽样stratified sampling 5. 外在信度external reliability 6. 选择性注意selective attention 7. 知觉恒常性perceptual constancy 8. 自我概念self concept 9. 液体智力fluid intelligence 10. 安全型依恋secure attachment 11. 性别图示gender schema 12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior 13. 从众实验conformity experiment 14. 头脑风暴brain storming 15. 社会助长social facilitation 16. 旁观者效应bystander effect 17. 标准差standard deviation 18. 柱状图bar chart 19. 正态分布normal distribution
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇: statics [st?tiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [m?ɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks't?:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [k?u'insid?nt]不重合;parallel ['p?r?lel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [pr?'p?:??n?l]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestj?l]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'l?stik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'l?siti]速度;scalar['skeil?]标量;vector['vekt?]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [m?u'ment?m]动量; 2、词组 make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然; Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇: machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['m?skjul?]]力臂;gravity[ɡr?vti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'z?:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹; 2、词组 a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散; 3、译文: 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面,这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时,机器就开始工作了。所以,力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动,要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
心理学是什么--What Psychology Is Why people do the things they do is an age-old question. However, psychology--the science concerned with behavior, both humans and animals--is only about 125 years old. Despite its youth, it is a broad discipline, essentially spanning subject matter from biology to sociology. Biology studies the structures and functions of living organisms. Sociology examines how groups function in society. Psychologists study two critical relationships: one between brain function and behavior, and one between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation, and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings. Psychologists are frequently innovators, evolving new approaches from established knowledge to meet changing needs of people and societies. They develop theories and test them through their research. As this research yields new information, these findings become part of the body of knowledge that practitioners call on in their work with clients and patients. Psychology is a tremendously varied field. Psychologists conduct both basic and applied research, serve as consultants to communities and organizations, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality. They assess behavioral and mental function and well-being, stepping in to help where appropriate. They study how human beings relate to each other and also to machines, and they work to improve these relationships. And with America undergoing large changes in its population makeup, psychologists bring important knowledge and skills to understanding diverse cultures. Many psychologists work independently. They also team up with other professionals--for example, other scientists, physicians, lawyers, school personnel, computer experts, engineers, policy makers, and managers--to contribute to every area of society. Thus we find them in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, community health centers, prisons, and corporate offices. Psychologists traditionally study both normal and abnormal functioning, and also treat patients with mental and emotional problems. Today, they are increasingly concentrating on behaviors that affect the mental and emotional health and mental processes of healthy human beings. For example, they work with business executives, performers, and athletes to combat stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and collaborate with educators on school reform. They show up immediately following a disaster such as a plane crash or bombing, to help victims and bystanders recover from the trauma, or shock, of the event. They team with law enforcement and public health officials to analyze the causes of such events and prevent their occurrence. Involved in all aspects of our fast-paced world, psychologists must keep up with what's happening all around us. When you're a psychologist, your education never ends. Psychology is a discipline with a bright future. Among fields requiring a college degree, it is expected to be the third fastest-growing field in America through the year 2005 and to continue to grow steadily for at least another dozen years after that. Opportunities for work in psychology are expanding in number and scope. The move toward preventing illness, rather than merely diagnosing and treating it, requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living. Indeed, many of the problems facing society today are problems about behavior, for example, drug addiction, poor personal relationships, violence at home and in the street, and the harm we do to our environment. Psychologists contribute solutions to problems through careful collection of data, analysis of data, and development of intervention strategies--in other words, by
1这个设备消耗(consume)的能量比那个少得多。 (使用“设备”做主语的主谓宾结构)This device consumes much less energy than that one. 2这条曲线画出了该电路的电流随外加电压的变化情况。(名词短语) The curve draws the variation of the current in the circuit with the applied voltage. 3空气吸收水蒸气(water vapor)的能力随空气温度的上升而提高。(不定式) The ability of air to absorb water vapor enhances with the rise of air temperature. 4本文介绍了一种新的测温方法,重点放在其基本原理上。(with结构) This paper introduces a new method of measuring temperature, w ith emphasis on its basic principle. 5频率被定义为某事发生的速率。(定语从句) By frequency is meant the rate that something happens. 6物体越热,其辐射(radiate) 的能量就越多,这一理论极为重要。(同位语从句)The hotter the object, the more energy it radiates, an important theory. 7英特网( Internet) 被叫做“一切网络之母”,它是连接200多个国家的一个国际网。(分词短语) Called "the mother of all networks", the Internet is an international network connecting to more than 200 countries. 8 在使用这个公式时,把哪一个平面(plane)看成1是没有关系的。(动名词短语) In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1. 9 实际方向与假设的方向相反。(what从句) This direction is opposite to what has been assumed. 10 由于计算机运算精确、速度快,所以能为人类节省大量时间和劳力。(形容词短语)Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers are able to save a lot of time and human labor. Ⅱ 因特网的一个重要应用是计算机用户间利用电子函件相互通信。电子函件使用户可以用电子手段传递和接收消息、文本和数据。电子函件的功能非常类似于邮箱:无论接收者是否在网络上,用户都可以向他发送消息,该消息被保存起来,同时向接收者发送一个信号表明有一个消息在等待处理。电子函件传送消息已经
自动化专业英语常用词汇 acceleration transducer 加速度传感器 accumulated error 累积误差 AC-DC-AC frequency converter交-直-交变频器 AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动 active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定 adjoint operator 伴随算子 admissible error 容许误差 amplifying element 放大环节 analog-digital conversion 模数转换 operational amplifiers运算放大器 aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解 approximate reasoning 近似推理 a priori estimate 先验估计 articulated robot 关节型机器人 asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性 attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移 attitude acquisition 姿态捕获 AOCS (attitude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度 attitude disturbance 姿态扰动 automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器 automaton 自动机 base coordinate system 基座坐标系 bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表 gauge测量仪器
2、应力和应变 在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来自于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料里面产生相应的内力。 有很多不同负载可以应用于构件的方式。负荷根据相应时间的不同可分为: (a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。 (b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷, 例如结构的重量。这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。 (c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。振动通常导致一个冲击载荷, 一般平衡是不能建立的直到通过自然的阻尼力的作用使振动停止的时候。 (d)重复载荷是一种被应用和去除千万次的载荷。 (e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种大小和设计随时间不断变化的载荷。 上面已经提到,作用于物体的外力与在材料里面产生的相应内力平衡。因此,如果一个杆受到一个均匀的拉伸和压缩,也就是说, 一个力,均匀分布于一截面,那么产生的内力也均匀分布并且可以说杆是受到一个均匀的正常应力,应力被定义为 应力==负载 P /压力 A, 因此根据载荷的性质应力是可以压缩或拉伸的,并被度量为牛顿每平方米或它的倍数。 如果一个杆受到轴向载荷,即是应力,那么杆的长度会改变。如果杆的初始长度L和改变量△L已知,产生的应力定义如下: 应力==改变长△L /初始长 L 因此应力是一个测量材料变形和无量纲的物理量 ,即它没有单位;它只是两个相同单位的物理量的比值。 一般来说,在实践中,在荷载作用下材料的延伸是非常小的, 测量的应力以*10-6的形式是方便的, 即微应变, 使用的符号也相应成为ue。 从某种意义上说,拉伸应力与应变被认为是正的。压缩应力与应变被认为是负的。因此负应力使长度减小。 当负载移除时,如果材料回复到初始的,无负载时的尺寸时,我们就说它是具有弹性的。一特定形式的适用于大范围的工程材料至少工程材料受载荷的大部分的弹性, 产生正比于负载的变形。由于载荷正比于载荷所产生的压力并且变形正比于应变, 这也说明,当材料是弹性的时候, 应力与应变成正比。因此胡克定律陈述, 应力正比于应变。 这定律服从于大部分铁合金在特定的范围内, 甚至以其合理的准确性可以假定适用于其他工程材料比如混凝土,木材,非铁合金。 当一个材料是弹性的时候,当载荷消除之后,任何负载所产生的变形可以完全恢复,没有永久的变形。
心理学专业英语总结——HXY 随意传阅·顺颂试安 注释:1.“*”在书上是黑体字,但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用 2.“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项,可能出选择 3. 人名已加黑,可能连线或选择 4. 每章节的末尾有方便记忆的单词表(只包括这篇总结中出现的关键单词) 5. 方便理解记忆,已在各项下方注明中文释义 6.“,”大部分都是作为点之间的分割,类似于逗号,前后不连成句子 Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览 Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门 ●What is psychology? 心理学是什么 Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. 定义:对行为和心理过程的科学研究 Psychology come from: ①philosophy, ②biology ③physics. 心理学来源于:哲学、生物学和医学 When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline. 形成于:1879年,作为独立学科 History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach. 历史发展:结构主义,机能主义,精神分析,行为主义,认知,人本主义,生理。 ●The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论 Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory. 历史来源:弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机,把它视为心理疾病的原因,并建立理论。 Assumptions: unconscious processes, psychic determinism, hydraulic drives, psychodynamic conflict, stages of development. 假设:潜意识过程,精神决定论,驱力(攻击、性),心理动力冲突,发展阶段 Methods of investigation: case study (method), free association (tech), dream analysis (tech). 研究方法:个案研究方法,自由联想技术,梦的解析技术 *Areas of explanation: personality development, moral/gender development, aggression, abnormality, memory. 可解释领域:人格发展,道德/性别发展,攻击性,异常,记忆 *Weaknesses: unrefutable, theoretically unscientific. 缺点:不可被其他事件驳斥,因此理论不具科学性 ●The behaviourist approach to psychology 行为主义理论 Origins & history: John Watson, empiricism, learning. 历史来源:华生,经验主义,学习 Assumptions: behaviour is learned from the environment, only observable behaviour should be studied. 假设:行为来源于环境,研究可观察的行为 *Areas of explanation: language acquisition, moral development, attraction, abnormality.
西安电子科技大学 研究生课程考试试题 考试科目: 研究生专业英语阅读课程代码:0821004 考试日期:2013年11月 3 日考试时间:120 分钟 参考答案 Part one: 1.Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work. 2.This device is more complicated than that one in structure. 3.The increase of greenhouse gas levels can lead to global temperatures’rise, a phenomenon known as global warming. 4. A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a nonconductor. 5.No forming a new substance of any changes among them is a physical change. 6.F(x) represents the distance the object is from the lens. 7.This chapter of content is focused on. 8.If the quality remains unchanged, the acceleration is proportional to the force. 9.There is no doubt that speed is expressed in meters per second. 10.Part of energy wasted with the existence of friction. Part two: Part three: 1. The sparse ratio of th e resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%. 2. As early as 1820s, it had been realized that this metal could be used in industry. 3. Now let us see the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the algorithms in the literature [3] 4. No values of x can satisfy this equation. 5. Let us assume that there are 10 free electrons per cubic meter in the wire, and there is 10A current in the wire. 6. This device is characterized by easy operation and low price. 7. It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 8. We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method. 9. Only when these signals are sent to the same layer, can the process mentioned above occur. 10. The model is suitable for the design of and the research on SiC devices and circuits. Part Ⅳ
机械制造专业英语文章 篇一:机械专业英语文章中英文对照 Types of Materials 材料的类型 Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials. 材料可以按多种方法分类。科学家常根据状态将材料分为:固体、液体或气体。他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。 For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products. 就工业效用而言,材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。 Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product. 非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。 Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc. 工程材料还能进一步细分为:①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料,等等。 Metals and Metal Alloys 金属和金属合金 Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility. 金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。 Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors. 某些金属能被磁化,例如铁、钴和镍。在极低的温度下,某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。 What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans. 合金与纯金属的区别是什么?纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。 例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。 Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold
心理现象 mental phenomenon 心理过程 mental process 心理状态 mental state 心理活动 mental activity 意识 consciousness 心理维度 psychological dimension 心理运动 psychomotor 内部活动 internal activity 普通心理学 general psychology 实验心理学 experimental psychology 行为科学 behavioral science 心身关系 mind-body relation 心理机能定位 localization of mental function 心理能动性 mental activism 外周论 peripheralism 先天理论 nativistic theory 强调遗传素质决定人心理的产生与发展。 遗传 heredity 目的论 teleology 认为生物和人类的活动受一定目的的引导。 活动 activity 活动理论 activity theory 认知心理学 cognitive psychology 认知 cognition 相对于情感、意志等心理过程的所有认识过程的总称。包括知觉、注意、表象、学习记忆、问题解决、思维和言语等心理过程。 认知过程 cognitive process 认知结构 cognitive structure 元认知 metacognition
认知失调 cognitive dissonance 认知地图 cognitive map 认知技能 cognitive skill 认知方式 cognitive style 信息 information 信息论 information theory 信息加工 information processing 信息加工心理学 information processing psychology 信息加工理论 information processing theory 信息加工模型 information processing model 中央处理器模型 central processor model 信息储存 information storage 信息提取 information retrieval 人工智能 artificial intelligence, AI 计算机类比 computer analogy 计算机模拟 computer simulation 计算机模型 computer model 唯心主义心理学 idealistic psychology 意动心理学 act psychology 唯意志论 voluntarism 唯灵论 spiritualism 强调超自然精神作用。 心灵学 parapsychology 心灵决定论 psychic determinism 心灵致动 psychokinesis, PK 心理技术学 psychotechnics 内省 introspection 内省法 introspective method 直觉主义 intuitionalism
第二部分 控制理论 第1章 1.1控制系统的引入 人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展,我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程?在充满活力的20世纪中,控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实?控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大?回首过去,控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人,航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆,航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制,船舶与潜水艇控制系统,水翼船?气垫船?高速铁路自动控制系统,现代铁路控制系统? 以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密,控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的,此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行,如飞机自控驾驶,汽车的巡航控制系统?对于控制系统,特别是工业控制系统,我们通常面对的是一系列的器件,自动控制是一个复合型的学科?控制工程师的工作需要具有力学,电子学,机械电子,流体力学,结构学,无料的各方面的知识?计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用,并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展? 通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统,两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置? 开环控制系统 开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单,图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统, 图2.1单容液位控制系统 我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h 在水流出流量V 1变化的情况下保持在一定 可接受的范围内,可以通过调节入口流量V 2实现?这个系统不是精确的系统,本系 统无法精确地检测输出流量V 2,输入流量V 1以及容器液位高度?图2.2描述了这 个系统存在的输入(期望的液位)与输出(实际液位)之间的简单关系, 图2.2液位控制系统框图 这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图?箭头用来描述输入进入系统,以及
. 4、工程机械概述 As we look around us we see a world full of“things”: machines, devices, tools; things that we have designed, built,and used; things made of wood, metals,ceramics, and plastics.We know from experience that some things are better than others;they last longer, cost less, are quieter, look better, or are easier to use. ; ; 情况 . Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements”as perceived by the designers—that is, it has been designed so as to answer the question,“Exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure, etc. 的 From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials,dimensions, and fastenings to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable
实用文档 感觉记忆(SM)—sensory memory 短期记忆(STM)—short-term M. 长期记忆(LTM)—long-term memory 复诵——rehearsal 预示(激发)——priming 童年失忆症——childhood amnesia 视觉编码(表征)——visual code(representation) 听觉编码—acoustic code 运作记忆——working memory 语意性知识—semantic knowledge 记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure 竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P. 自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated S. 程序性知识—procedural knowledge 命题(陈述)性知识——propositional(declarative)knowledge 情节(轶事)性知识—episodic K. 讯息处理深度—depth of processing 精致化处理—elaboration 登录特殊性—coding specificity 记忆术—mnemonic 位置记忆法—method of loci 字钩法—peg word (线)探索(测)(激发)字—prime 关键词——key word 命题思考——propositional thought 心像思考——imaginal thought 行动思考——motoric thought 概念——concept 原型——prototype 属性——property 特征——feature 范例策略——exemplar strategy 语言相对性(假说)—linguistic relativity th. 音素——phoneme 词素——morpheme (字词的)外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning (句子的)表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure 语意分析法——semantic differential 全句语言—holophrastic speech 过度延伸——over-extension 电报式语言—telegraphic speech 关键期——critical period