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T高三4th定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，

定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

I like some friends. Some friends like sports.

I like friends who like sports. （who）修饰先行词friends

↑↑

先行词关系词

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词

有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系副词有where, when, why,how等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：

A、引导定语从句；

B、代替先行词；

C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

把下列句子连成定语从句

1. Lucy likes the program. The program is interesting.

Lucy likes the program which is interesting.

2. I love singers . The singers write their own songs.

I love singers who write their own songs.

3. I will never forget the three years. We spent the three years here.

I will never forget the three years that we spent here.

4. I will never forget the three years. During the three years we studied here.

I will never forget the three years during which (=when)we studied here.

二、定语从句的关系词

关系词先行词从句成分例句备注

关系代词who 人主语

Do you know the man who is talking with your

mother?

whom, which和

that在从句中做

宾语时，常可以

省略，但介词提

前时后面关系

代词不能省略，

也不可以用that whom 人宾语

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

whose 人，物定语

I like those books whose topics are about history.

The boy whose father works abroad is my

deskmate.

that 人，物主语，宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which 物主语，宾语

The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

The picture which was about the accident was

terrible.

as 人，物主语，宾语

He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做宾语一般

不省略

关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which

why 原因原因状语

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down

my offer.

可用for which

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music _____ is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）

The coat （___） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语） 2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building ______ stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （_____） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who ，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who 代替whom ，也可省略。例如：

The girl ____ often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher （___） Li Ming is talking to ？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

4.whose 通常指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示所有。

(1) He has a friend ______ father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生.

(2) I once lived in a house ______roof has fallen in.我曾住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中. (3) The classroom ______ door is broken will soon be repaired.那个门被打破的教室不久会被修复。

(4) Do you like the book ______ color is yellow?你喜欢颜色是黄色的书吗? 5.As 的用法:

1. the same… as ；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As 是关系代词。例1中的as 作know 的宾语；

例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know 要用被动式。注意：

（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who ， that ， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom ”结构。例如：

This is the house in________we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

类别语法意义及特征

例句

限制性定语从句

对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。

The accident happened at the time when I left.

非限制性定语从句

对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。

His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.

Please tell me from______ you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city_____ she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)定语从句的谓语动词形式要和先行词一致。

Mr Smith is one of the experts(专家) who _____ from Canada. A .comes B. come C. came D. is

（5）关系词只能用that 的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that ，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person_____ passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all ， any ， much ， many ， everything ， anything ， none ， the one 等不定代词时，只能用that ，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything ______you want to buy in the shop ？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only ， the very ， the same ， the last ， little ， few 等词修饰时，只能用that ，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike______ I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that ，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures_____ I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl_____ is crying ？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that ，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk______ belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which ，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that ， those 时，用which ，而不用that.例如：

What ‘s that_____is under the desk ？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which ，而不用that.例如： This is the room in _____he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

情况

用法说明

例句

只用that 的情况

1．先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing,

little, much,等不定代词时。

2．先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no,

some, few 等修饰时

3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4．先行词既指人又指物时

5．先行词被the only, the very 修饰时

6．句中已经有who 或which 时，为了避免重复

时

1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5.He is the only man that I want to see.

6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom 的情况

1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代

物，用who/whom 指人

2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，

只能用which 指物，whom 指人。

3．先行词本身是that 时，关系词用which, 先行

词为those, one, he 时多用who 。

He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，______ made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time ______ he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place _____ he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason _____ he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。判断介词和关系代词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

This is the mountain village ______I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days_____I worked together with you.

判断改错

（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，is后应跟表语，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago 则做one的定语从句。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

单项填空练习:

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes，he‘s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who‘s

B. whose

C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which；is

B. whom；was

C. who；is

D. who；was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

Ⅱ。用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool‘s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn‘t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

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高考英语定语从句专项强化训练及答案一．Choose the best answer. 1．All ____ should be done has been done. A. what B. which C. that D. whatever 2．I, ____ your best friend, will try my best to help you. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 3．Leilei is the girl _____ pronunciation is the best in our class. A. whose B. who C. who’s D. that 4．Can you lend me the book ______ the other day? A. you talked about it B. that you talked C. about that you talked D. you talked about 5．The two old friends talked about the persons and places _____ impressed them most. A. which B. who C. where D. that 6．These articles are written in simple language, _____ makes it easy to read. A. that B. this C. which D. it 7．My father works in the factory _____ this type of truck is made. A. in where B. in which C. from which D. of which 8．He is the man to _____ I gave the money. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 9．The very thing _____ brought about a complete change in her life was the libration. A. which B. that C. who D. when 10．This is the same girl _____ came to borrow an English book two days ago. A. that B. who C. which D. whom 11．The way _____ you are doing it is complete crazy. A. in which B. by which C. on which D. at which 12．I still remember the summer _____ we had the drought. A. which B. why C. where D. when 13 China is not the same country ______ it was 20 years ago. A. that B. as C. which D. when 14. Wang Fei is the boy _____ I think is the most diligent in our class. A. who B. whom C. about whom D. him 15. Tom told the teacher the reason ______ he was late again. A. that B. for why C. for that D. for which 二．定语从句相似句型精练 1. 1) This is one of the most interesting films ____ shown last week. 2) This is the only (very) one of the most interesting films ____ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were 2. 1) He has two sons, _____ are college students. 2) He has two sons, and _____ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them 3. 1) He still lives in the room ______ window faces to the east. 2) He still lives in the room , the window ______ faces to the east. 3) He still lives in the room ______ is in the north of the city. 4) He still lives in the room ______ there is a beautiful table.

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高三英语定语从句复习教案一、教学目标知识目标：复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。能力目标：能较好地运用定语从句，能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。德育目标：培养分析问题解决问题的能力，热爱祖国，关心时政，学会竞争和合作，建立自信心和集体荣誉感。情感目标：通过学习调动学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。二、重点难点：提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性，较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解 1） Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） Step3：复习关系副词关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如：（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I\'ll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

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高中定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who

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定语从句基础训练 1.（湖北教学合作2014届联考）________，“Education is not a filling of a pail, but a lighting of a fire.” (say) 正如叶慈（Yeats）所说，“教育不是把一桶水装满，而是将一把火点燃。” 解析：As Yeats (once) said。考查as引导的非限制定语从句。逗号的前后无任何连接词，所以逗号前为非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中引导词指代主句的内容，且具有“正如，正像”的意思，故应用as引导此定语从句。 2. （湖北重点中学2014届高三联考）The incident has also put a spotlight on America's card system, the sort of chip and PIN technology that has been in place in Europe for years.（rely）这个事件也将焦点投向美国的卡片系统，该系统不用依赖在欧洲运用多年的芯片和密码技术。解析：which doesn’t rely on考查定语从句。rely on意为“依赖；依靠”。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为America's card system。在定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导此非限制性定语从句。 3. （黄冈中学2014届高三月考）At the airport, we saw Lady Gaga, the world-famous super star, __________________several bodyguards. (alongside) 在机场，我们见到了Lady Gaga这位闻名世界的超级巨星，她旁边有几位保镖。解析：alongside whom were考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为Lady Gaga，把先行词代入定语从句后为：alongside Lady Gaga were several bodyguards,所以定语从句中缺少介词alongside的宾语，故应用whom引导此定语从句。 4. （湖北八校2014届高三联考）T he phrase “L et’s be friends, tuhao!” set off a language shock, ________ in an online conversation. (appear) “土豪，我们做朋友吧！”这句话引发了一场语言震撼, 它最初出现在一个网络对话里。解析：which first/ originally appeared 考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以所填空格处应该是一个非限制性定语从句。定语从句的先行词为a language shock，定语从句缺少主语，所以要用which引导此定语从句。 5. （黄冈润德高中2014届高三月考）The Amazon Rainforest is named after the Amazon River, __________________ in the world. (long) 亚马逊雨林是以亚马逊河命名的，世界上第二大河流。解析：which is the second longest考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两部分之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以所填空格处应该是一个非限制性定语从句，定语从句的先行词为the Amazon River，在定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which引导此定语从句。 6. （湖北襄阳2014届高三调研）The achievements of our ancestors in , will shine brightly and open to everyone．（pride）我们引以为豪的我们祖先的辉煌，将永远闪耀着光芒，并向每个人开放。解析：which we take / show / feel (a) pride考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，所填空格处为定语从句，其先行词为the achievements。在定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语，所以要用which引导此定语从句。take / show / feel (a) pride in意为“以……为自豪”。 7. (2014武汉高三起点调研)In fact, everything is actually pretty hard. ( worth)

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She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.

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教学过程环节教师活动学生活动针对教学重难点的当堂检测反馈Step 1:Greetings. Step 2:Lead-in Please look at the pictures and try to describe them. Harry Porter is a boy ____________ _____________________. The man _________________ is Liuxiang. Liuxiang is the man ________________. Which house is mine? The house _________________ is mine. Revision of the Attributive Clause Step3 Grammar explanation语法讲解 The definition of the attributive clause定语从句（the attributive clause）在复合句中，修饰或限定一个名词、代词或一句话的从句,充当 _______ 用的从句是定语从句 ☆被定语从句限定的词是___________________ ，引导定语从句的词叫___________________________或 _______________________ 。 ☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。 For example: 定语从句：修饰或限定一个名词、代词或一句话的从句 This is the best film that I have seen The attributive clause: that I have seen Antecedent: the best film Relative pronoun: that Step 4: 基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义指代人who, whom, that, as 指代事物which, that, as 关系代词归纳总结所属关系whose 指地点where 指时间when 关系副词指原因why Revision1 relative pronoun Describe the picture in English. Keep the form in their mind. Do exercise.

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