口译的类型
口译的类型
发布:fanyi02 | 发布时间: 2010年8月14日
根据时间工作模式
交替传译 consecutive interpreting
也称连续口译/传译、即席口译/传译、逐步口译（台湾用语）。简称“交传”或“连传”；英文简称CI 。
讲话人说一段，译员翻译一段，然后循环往复、交替进行。交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等。
3分钟以上即可称为长交传。
同声传译 simultaneous interpreting
又称同步口译、即时传译（港台用语），简称“同传”；英文简称SI。
讲话人的“说”与译员的“译”几乎同时进行。
同声传译可分为常规会议同传和耳语同传两种：
常规会议同传 regular conference SI
2-3人一组，在同传间/同传箱（booth）使用同传设备。一般译员每20分钟轮换一次。
包括有稿同传和无稿同传两种形式。
耳语同传 whispered interpreting or chuchotage
只有1-3人需要口译服务，无需同传设备。
根据空间工作模式
现场口译 live interpreting 当事双方和译员同时在场。
远程口译 remote interpreting 当事双方和译员不在一地：电话口译、远程视频口译等。
根据活动场合和主题
会议口译 conference interpreting
陪同口译 escort interpreting
外交口译 diplomatic interpreting
商务口译 business interpreting
媒体口译 media interpreting
社区口译 community interpreting
导游口译 guide interpreting
医学口译 medical interpreting 国外有资格认证
法庭/法律口译 court/legal/judicial interpreting 国外有资格认证
法庭译员被称为宣誓译员 sworn interpreter
等等
根据活动的性质和正式程度
会议口译 conference interpreting
联络口译 liaison interpreting
根据译语的流向
单向口译 one-way interpreting 译员只将A语译成B语。
双向口译 two-way interpreting 译员要将A语言和B语进行交替互译。
根据源语到译语的直接性程度
直接口译 direct interpreting 直接将一种语言译成另一种语言。
接续口译 relay interpreting 也叫接力口译，简称“接传”。译员甲将讲话人的A语译成B语，再由译员乙将B语译成C语给听者。
其他口译形式
视译 sight interpreting
交传：译员将现场文字用目的语口译给听者，常见于导游讲解。
同传：译员眼看讲话人发言稿或幻灯片，耳听发言人讲话，进行口译，常见于会议有稿同传。
手语口译 sign language interpreting 在手语和口语间交替或同步翻译，主要为聋哑人服务
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析
Module 2 Logical analysis I Theory and skills 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点(具体的信息内容) 、线(各点之间的联系)和面(即整体概念)进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的练习 1.1 介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，女口：概括(generalization )、分类(classification )、因果 (cause-effect )、对比对照 (compare & contrast )、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列 (sequencing )、列举( simple listing )、提出问题 - 解决问题( problem-solution )等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sumup, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly ， compared to 等；表示对照的有： on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently 等；表示因果的则有： so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to 等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。 II Skills practice Teaching suggestions: Tell the students to form a mind picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main points with the corresponding sub-points, and then do the retelling to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis. Instruction: retell the passage, paying attention to the logic 2.1 有偿搭车 “上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中
口译常用名词
一．商务职衔 1.总裁/会长/理事长President 2.董事会主席/董事长Chairman (board of directors) 3.董事Director 4.执行董事Executive Director 5.总干事Director-General 6.理事Trustee/Council Member 7.总监/主任Director 8.经理Manager 9.总经理General Manager 99（GM） 10.副总经理Assistant General Manager 11.总经理助理General Manager Assistant 12.公关部经理PR （Public Relations）Manager 13.销售部经理Sales Manager 14.营业经理Business Manager 15.市场部经理Marketing Manager 16.生产部经理Production Manager 17.研发部经理R&D (Research and Development) Manager 18.厂长Factory Managing Director 19.车间主任Workshop Manager 20.高级工程师Senior Engineer 21.工程师Engineer
22.助理工程师Assistant Engineer 23.首席执行官/总裁C.E.O (Chief Executive Officer) 24.首席财务官/财务总监C.F.O (Chief Financial Officer) 25.财务主管Financial Controller 26.高级会计师Senior Accountant 27.会计师Accountant 28.助理会计师Assistant Accountant 29.注册会计师CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 30.会计员Treasurer 31.出纳员Teller 32.首席信息官/咨讯总监C.I.O (Chief Information Officer) 33.首席营运官/运营总监C.O.O （Chief Operation Officer） 34.技术员Technician 35.程序员Programmer 36.设计师Designer 37.机械师Mechanic 38.化验员Chemical Analyst 39.质检员Quality Inspector 40.推销员Salesman/Salesperson 41.采购员Purchaser 42.部长Minister 43.副部长Vice-Minister
口译笔记常用符号
口译笔记法常用符号
inquiry, interrogate, ask, mystery,…？问题；question, problem, … ！危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是；dangerous, warning, alarm, watch out, of course °人，人民，伙伴，朋友；people, partner, … ?信息，消息，情报；information, message, intelligence, … 删除，废除，放弃；delete, discard, give up, …?贸易，交换，交流，关于，关联，替代；trade, exchange, communication, relationship __ 这个，强调；emphasize a certain word/ phrase. …继续，持续，不断的，长期的，各种各样的，多的；more, continuous, … => 加强，推动，促进；enhance, promote, … × # 不仅；not only, … & 和，而且；and… ＠关于；about e.g . 例如，比如；for example, such as, … （三）图形符号 ?高兴，激动；happy, pleased, excited, … ?失望，不满意，生气；unhappy, unsatisfied, angry, … 会议，聚会；conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, committee,
口译常用词汇及表达(迎来送往)
口译常用词汇及表达 一、欢迎光临 （一）商务职衔 1.总裁/会长/理事长President 2.董事会主席/董事长 Chairman (board of directors) 3.董事Director 4.执行董事Executive Director 5.总干事Director-General 6.理事Trustee/Council Member 7.总监/主任Director 8.经理Manager 9.总经理General Manager（GM） 10.副总经理Assistant General Manager 11.总经理助理General Manager Assistant 12.公关部经理PR (Public Relations) Manager 13.销售部经理Sales Manager 14.市场部经理Marketing Manager 15.生产部经理Production Manager 16.研发部经理 R & D (Research and Development) Manager 17.厂长Factory Managing Director 18.车间主任Workshop Manager 19.高级工程师Senior Engineer 20.助理工程师Assistant Engineer 21.首席执行官/总裁 C.E.O (Chief Executive Officer) 22.首席财务官/财务总监 C.F.O (Chief Financial Officer) 23.财务主管Financial Controller 24.高级会计师Senior Accountant 25.会计师Accountant 26.助理会计师Assistant Accountant 27.注册会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 28.会计员Treasurer 29.出纳员Teller 30.首席信息官/ 咨讯总监 C.I.O (Chief Information Officer) 31.首席营运官/ 运营总监 C.O.O (Chief Operation Officer) 32.技术员Technician 33.程序员Programmer 34.设计师Designer 35.机械师Mechanic 36.推销员Salesman / Salesperson 37.采购员Purchaser 38.部长Minister 39.副部长Vice-Minister 40.部长助理Assistant Manager 41.省长Governor 42.市长Mayor 43.副（省长/市长）Vice- / Deputy 44.常务副（省长/市长） Senior (Vice-Governor / Vice-Mayor) 45.厅长/司长Director-General, … Department 46.局长Director-General, … Bureau 47.处长Director, ... Division 48.科长Section Chief 49.副（厅长/司长/局长/处长）deputy （二）机场词汇 1.国际航班International Flight 2.国内航班Domestic Flight 3.航班号码Flight Number 4.起飞/抵达时间Departure/arrival time 5.机场大楼Terminal Building 6.航班/飞机资料显示牌Flight Information Board 7.候机室Departure Lounge 8.贵宾室VIP Room 9.登记柜台Check-in Counter 10.问讯处Information Desk 11.办理出境/入境/海关手续 to go through / complete the (exit/ entry/ customs) formalities 12.出境登记卡Departure Card 13.入境登记卡Landing Card 14.安全检查Security Check 15.护照检查处Passport Control 16.签证种类Type of visa 17.一次性/多次性入境签 Single-entry/Multiple entry visa 18.再入境签证Re-entry visa 19.旅行/居留签证Travel/Residence visa 20.出境/入境/过境/访问签证 Exit/Entry/Transit/V isitor’s visa 21.签证有效期validity of visa 22.入境日期及口岸date and port of entry
口译笔记速记符号归总
口译笔记速记符号归总 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。 in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics
口译常用句
一. 称呼 女士们，先生们Ladies and Gentlemen 朋友们/各位朋友Dear friends 各位嘉宾Distinguished guests 尊敬的来宾Honored Guests 各位同事Dear colleagues 同志们Comrades 青年朋友们Young friends （中国）同胞们Fellow countrymen （美国）同胞们My fellow citizens （港澳台和海外华人）同胞们Dear Compatriots 老师们、同学们、朋友们Dear faculty and staff members, students and friends 同学们，老师们Dear Students and Faculty Members 各位老师，家长，毕业生们Members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates Members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates 各位企业家朋友Members of the business community 亲爱的运动员们Dear athletes 尊敬的各位国家元首、政府首脑和王室代表 Distinguished Heads of State and Government and Representatives of Royal Families 尊敬的各位使节、代表和夫人 Your Excellencies Diplomatic Envoys, Representatives of International Organizations and Your Spouses 各位使节及使团同事Excellencies and Colleagues of the Diplomatic Corps 各位团长Heads of Delegations 各位议员朋友My Lords and MPs 中央政府驻港机构各位领导Heads of local offices of the Central Government 尊敬的胡锦涛主席和夫人Your Excellency President Hu Jintao and Madame Liu Yongqing 主席先生/总统先生Mr. President 总理先生Mr. Premier / Prime Minister 总统女士Madame President 尊敬的阿罗约总统阁下Your Excellency President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 国王和王后陛下Your Majesties 各位殿下Your Royal Highnesses 尊敬的桑德罗·邦迪部长Respected Minister Sen. Sandro Bondi 尊敬的戴秉国国务委员Your Excellency State Councilor Dai Bingguo 尊敬的李省长Honorable Governor Li 尊敬的杨市长Honorable Mayor Yang 团中央第一书记陆昊先生First Secretary Mr. Lu Hao 高教授及夫人Professor and Mrs Kao 尊敬的内格罗蓬特常务副国务卿Honorable Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte 尊敬的阿姆鲁·穆萨秘书长Your Excellency Secretary General Amr Moussa 尊敬的刘立军处长Division Director Liu Lijun 尊敬的耶鲁大学校长理查德·莱文先生Dear Mr. Richard Levin, President of Yale University, 尊敬的（剑桥大学）理查德校长Vice Chancellor Alison Richard
口译案例分析
Interculture Awareness Plays an Important Role in Translation Interculture awareness, a basic talent of an interpreter, is very important. It directly influences the translation’s quality and it can be a measure of a wonderful interpreter. An interpreter with a sensitive interculture awareness can interpret more correctly and be understood more easily. At the press conference held on the March 14, 2010, the Prime Minister Wen quoted the classic Chinese poetries which are in short form but in deep meaning more than ten times in answer to foreign journalists’questions. It was rather hard to interpret those poetries, but Wen’s interpreter, Zhang Lu, translated them into English calmly, quickly and fluently, which reflected her wonderful interculture awareness. Zhang’s translation will be discussed as follows: Case: the Premier Wen said in a opening remark: “今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。但是我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈麻痹和动摇。”And then he expressed that he wanted to do his best in the next three years with words quoted from《离骚》:“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。” Translation by Zhang: The road ahead is not a smooth one, it maybe full of twists and turns. But we should always re-member this important thing: that is half of the people who have embarked on the one hundred miles journey may fall by the way side，this means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, and we must not waive r in our resolve … For the ideal I hold dear to my heart，I would not regret a thousand times to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote my-self to my work in the next three years. “亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”,quoted by the Premier from 《离骚》, is familiar to most Chinese. The “九死”was translated into “a thousand times to die”is very idiomatic because Chinese always use the “三”or “九”to express “a lot of times”and Zhang translated it into a form that is familiar to foreigners. The translation of “行百里者半九十”, by contrast, is not so exact. The phrase quoted from 《战国策·秦策五》means that if one has finished 90 km in 100km-road, it is considered as that one has finished half of the road because the last 10 km is more harder than the former 90km, that is to say, one should work harder or one will fail. That phrase is often used to urge people to start well and end well. The Chinese interpreter can not translate the Chinese poetry into English very exactly in a hurry but if the interculture awareness is made most of in the translation, the interpreter will perform better. For example, the phrase can be translated into “Ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey”. In conclusion, interculture awareness plays an important role in translation. It can help the translator to understand the speaker better and interpret more exactly. Therefore, the interpreters should cultivate sensitive intervculture awareness to improve translation quality.
口译中的逻辑分析
口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。 逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。
最全口译笔记符号.doc
笔记符号 一．图形符号 □State, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal △City, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal ▽Village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas °右上角：人 右下角：地方、地名、机构 ^ 领导，监督；顶点，顶级，最 Lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax △°Citizen, urban residents, urban inhabitants ▽°Farmer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist Universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across bounderies □ s 多国，其他国家 other countries □ e 国民经济 national economy Domestic, native, internal, interior, at home Foreign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas, in ther foreign land In and out of the country, at home and abroad 进口 出口 进出口 飞°飞行员 飞。飞机场 中°中国人 广。广场 e°经济学家 e。经济实体 economic entity f。金融机构 financial institution ^°Boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor, director, supervisor, monitor □^°国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader 宏观调控 macro-control 首都 capital city
口译常用欢迎词
1.冷宴招待会buffet party/banquet 2.晚宴dinner party/banquet 3.座位卡name/place card 4.致祝酒词to make a toast 5.值此……之际on the occasion of… 6.款待to extend kind/cordial hospitality to…; to entertain… 7.无与伦比的热情好客the incomparable hospitality 8.代表(be) on behalf of…/represent… 9.很荣幸/高兴/愉快…… It is my great honor/pleasure/delight to…/I am honored/privileged to… 10.我代表……，并以我个人名义，向……致以亲切的问候和良好的祝愿。 I would like/wish to extend/express, on behalf of…and in my own name, our cordial greetings and best wishes to… 11.我很荣幸地代表……向……代表团表示热烈欢迎。 I have the honor to extend, on behalf of…, our warm welcome to the delegation. 12.请允许我向远道而来的贵宾们表示热烈的欢迎和亲切的问候。 Please allow me to express our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guests coming from afar.
英语即兴演讲稿与英语口译中的演讲技巧分析汇编
英语即兴演讲稿范文 i like to look into the mirror. i remember when i was a little girl, i often stood on my toes, trying to find my face in the mirror of the dressing table, which was nearly as high as i was. now i still like to look into the mirror. only now, the dressing table is too low for me. as i bend down, i see the face of a young woman, glowing with maturity, confident in her future and fascinated with her own reflection. the fact that i like to look into the mirror has to do with my granny with whom i spent most of my childhood. i remember clearly that one night i heard her murmuring, "women can't be seen. women can't be seen." i was so confused as to look into the mirror the next morning to check if i could indeed see myself. only now as a young woman myself, can i understand that it was not physical visibility that granny had on her mind. granny spent all her life taking care of the family, day in and day out. she cooked for her husband and 10 children. but whenever guests came, she and other female family members had to eat by the stove in the small kitchen. at family discussions, she was never asked for her opinion. after grandpa passed away, she had to listen to my uncle, her eldest son, fulfilled her duty as daughter, wife, and mother; yet as a person, she remained little noticed. even though she could see herself in the mirror of the dressing table, she was never visible in the mirror of society. i have been living a different life. at home, i make decisions together with the rest of the family. in school, i often take charge of various activities the same as other boys and girls. not only that, i can see something granny could not have dreamed of─making decisions for my own future. my life has been a series of decisions. i could choose from several universities as i came out of high school. at university, i could choose from a range of subjects from english literature to business law. and now upon graduation, i am again faced with decisions─to further my study or to go to work; to stay in china or to go abroad; to get married right away or to remain single for a bit longer. it does not matter whether or not i will bee famous or rich, but i will treasure the chance to demonstrate my potential and to help other women demonstrate theirs as full members of society, fully visible in the mirror of history. i will treasure it because the abundance of choice that i enjoy came only after decades of efforts made by my granny, my mum, and millions of other chinese women. however, the choices to be made by me and others of my generation are a great challenge. the misconception that men are superior to women is still dominating many people's minds. while men are encouraged to pete and to assert themselves, we are expected to be quiet, loyal 第1 页共5 页
口译中的逻辑分析
口译中的逻辑分析 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。 逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。
口译常用词汇
口译常用词汇 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
1. leave sb the choice of ... or ... 要么…，要么… （选择类经典句） Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. 敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么英勇奋战，要么屈膝投降。 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor. 年过三十，要么结婚，要么单身。 2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事（使动类经典句） The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. 全国同胞都在注视着我们。如果我们有幸使他们摆脱强加于身的暴政，我们将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。 他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。 The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。 If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all I have. 3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到…，回顾历史（回忆类经典句） Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.