现在分词和过去分词的区别

现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。

1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：

surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)

surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)

an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)

excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)

a moving film 一部感动人的影片。

A moved audience 受感动的观众

A tiring journey 累人的旅行

A tired football player 累了的足球运动员

He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。

She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。

也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：the risen sun 升起的太阳

fallen leaves 落叶

the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹

a retired miner 退休矿工

returned students 归国留学生

2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：

the changing world 正在变化着的世界

the changed world 已经起了变化的世界

boiling water 正在开的水

boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)

developing countries 发展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

分词和分词短语的用法

1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：

I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。

He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。

分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。

(= which belongs to the Third World)

The man sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)

Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)

2)作表语

The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。

The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。

He is married.他已经结婚了。

[注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的

形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：

Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)

His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)

The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)

The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)

3)作状语：分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。

a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：

Looking out of the window，I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I looked out of the window)

Heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)

Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took...这两个动作是一个接着一个)

[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：

While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。

When heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。

现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。

1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：

surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)

surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)

an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)

excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)

a moving film 一部感动人的影片。

A moved audience 受感动的观众

A tiring journey 累人的旅行

A tired football player 累了的足球运动员

He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。

She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。

也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：the risen sun 升起的太阳

fallen leaves 落叶

the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹

a retired miner 退休矿工

returned students 归国留学生

2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：

the changing world 正在变化着的世界

the changed world 已经起了变化的世界

boiling water 正在开的水

boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)

developing countries 发展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

分词和分词短语的用法

1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：

I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。

He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。

分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。

(= which belongs to the Third World)

The man sitting it the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)

Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)

2)作表语

The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。

The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。

He is married.他已经结婚了。

[注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：

Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)

His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)

The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)

The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)

3)作状语分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。

a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：

Looking out of the window，I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I locked out of the window)

Heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)

Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took...这两个动作是一个接着一个)

[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：

While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。

When heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。

b)表示原因(在意义上相当于表示原因的状语从句)。如：

Feeling tired, I telephoned and said I couldn’t come to a hospi tal of Chinese medicine.我感到

累，打电话说我不能去。(= Since I felt tired)

Thinking that Chinese medicine might help，he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效，于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thought that...)

Inspired by the excellent situation they worked even harder.在太好形势的鼓舞下，他们更加努力工作。(= Since they are inspired by...)

c)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如：

He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)

She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况或方式)

The child fell，striking head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。(结果)

He went out slamming the door.他走出去砰地一声把门关上。(伴随情况)

The lichens came borne by storms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)

分词的否定结构

现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成。如：

Not knowing what to do，she went to the teacher for help.她不知道该怎么办，就去请老师帮助。

I left at noon，not staying for lunch.我是中午走的，没有留下来吃午饭。

过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。如：

The boy was left uncared for.那孩子无人照管。

含有分词的复合宾语

分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等等。如：

We saw them walking across the road.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。

We heard the children sing ing “I Love Beijing’s Tian An Men”我们听见孩子们唱《我爱北京天安门》。

I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.我发现故乡几乎全部改建过了。

在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成。如：

We must get the television set repaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)

I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的)

If we have shortcomings，we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指出。(请别人指出)

但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。如：

He had his arm broken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)

[注一]上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。如上面的第一、二例句即可变为：

They were seen walking across the road.

The children were heard singing “I Love Beijing Tian An Men”。

[注二]现在分词在复合宾语中和动词不定式在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正在继续的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，其含义相当于进行时态。如：

I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事)

I saw him going upstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景)

I was working in the room all morning" I heard somebody knock at the next door.我整个上午在房间工作，听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)

When I went back to the room，I heard her practicing singing in the next room.我回房

间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了)

现在分词的时态

过去分词没有时态形式的变化，所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。

1)现在分词的时态形式

一般式writing

完成式having written

2)现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。如：

Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.

我们在和白求恩大夫一起工作期间，向他学到很多东西。

(working与leamt同时发生)

Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began to make preparations.他们知道他们下星期要出国，所以都开始作准备。(knowing发生在began之前)

He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”他来到我跟前说道，“很高兴又见到你。”(saying发生在came之后)

3)现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：

Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)

Not having done it right, I tried again.没有做对，我就又试。

(not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)

现在分词的被动语态

一般式being written

完成式having been written

如：

This is one of the many dams being built along the river.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敌军被包围了，被迫投降。Having been asked to stay，I couldn’t very well leave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。

独立结构(absolute construction)

分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句中找到。如：

The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那边的年轻妇女是我们新的英语老师。(分词短语standing over there的逻辑主语是 the young woman)

Having finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。(having finished his work的逻辑主语是he)但有时分词短语有它自己的独立的主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格)，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立结构。独立结构常用作状语，多用在书面语中。如：

The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.乌云已散去，太阳又普照大地了。(时间状语)

We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天气好的话，我们就打麦。(条件状语) Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the park.他们的房间在二层楼上，房间里的宽大的窗户俯视着公园。(伴随情况状语，the first floor在英国指第二层楼，在美国指第一层，其余可类推。)

We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我们加倍努力工作，一人干两人的活。(方式)

Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是最好的导体。(伴随情况)

The meeting over，we all left the room.会议结束以后，我们就都离开了房间。(时间状语，注意over之前省去了being)

This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。(时间状语)

She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她双手捂在胸前凝视着。

[注一]有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语。它们往往已经变成习惯用语，必须熟记。如：

Thinking that Chinese medicine might help，he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效，于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thought that...)

Inspired by the excellent situation they worked even harder.在太好形势的鼓舞下，他们更加努力工作。(= Since they are inspired by...)

c)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如：

He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)

She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况或方式)

The child fell，striking head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。(结果)

He went out slamming the door.他走出去砰地一声把门关上。(伴随情况)

The lichens came borne by storms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)

分词的否定结构

现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成。如：

Not knowing what to do，she went to the teacher for help.她不知道该怎么办，就去请老师帮助。

I left at noon，not staying for lunch.我是中午走的，没有留下来吃午饭。

过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。如：

The boy was left uncared for.那孩子无人照管。

含有分词的复合宾语

分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等等。如：

We saw them walking across the road.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。

We heard the children singing “I Love Beijing’s Tian An Men”我们听见孩子们唱《我爱北京天安门》。

I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.我发现故乡几乎全部改建过了。

在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成。如：

We must get the television set repaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)

I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的)

If we have shortcomings，we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指出。(请别人指出)

但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。如：

He had his arm broken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)

[注一]上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。如上面的第一、二例句即可变为：

They were seen walking across the road.

The children were heard singing“I Love Beijing Tian An Men”。

[注二]现在分词在复合宾语中和动词不定式在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正在继续的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，其含义相当于进行时态。如：

I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事)

I saw him going upstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景)

I was working in the room all morning" I heard somebody All knock at the next door.我整个上午在房间工作，听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)

When I went back to the room，I heard her practicing singing in the next room.我回房间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了)

现在分词的时态

过去分词没有时态形式的变化，所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。

1)现在分词的时态形式

一般式writing

完成式having written

2)现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。如：

Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.

我们在和白求恩大夫一起工作期间，向他学到很多东西。

(working与leamt同时发生)

Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began to make preparations.他们知道他们下星期要出国，所以都开始作准备。(knowing发生在began之前)

He came up to me，saying“Glad to see you again.”他来到我跟前说道，“很高兴又见到你。”(saying发生在came之后)

3)现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：

Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)

Not haying done it right, I tried again.没有做对，我就又试。

(not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)

现在分词的被动语态

一般式being written

完成式having been written

如：

This is one of the many dams being built the river.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敌军被包围了，被迫投降。Having been asked to stay，I couldn’t very well leave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。

独立结构(absolute construction)

分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句中找到。如：

The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那边的年轻妇女是我们新的英语老师。(分词短语standing over there的逻辑主语是 the young woman)

Having finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。(having finished his work的逻辑主语是he)但有时分词短语有它自己的独立的主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格)，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立结构。独立结构常用作状语，多用在书面语中。如：

The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.乌云已散去，太阳又普照大地了。(时间状语)

We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天气好的话，我们就打麦。(条件状语) Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the park.他们的房间在二层楼上，房间里的宽大的窗户俯视着公园。(伴随情况状语，the first floor在英国指第二层楼，在美国指第一层，其余可类推。)

We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我们加倍努力工作，一人干两人的活。(方式)

Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是最好的导体。(伴随情况)

The meeting over，we all left the room.会议结束以后，我们就都离开了房间。(时间状语，注意over之前省去了being)

This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。(时间状语)

She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。

[注一]有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语。它们往往已经变成习惯用语，必须熟记。如：

Generally speaking，this book is not very difficult.总的说来，这本书并不很难。Judging from what you say，he has done a very good job.从你的话看来，他的工作做得很不错。

Considering that he has been in China for only a year，he speaks Chinese well.考虑到他到中国才一年，他的中国话讲得很不错了。

类似的习惯用语尚有talking of (谈起)，speaking of (谈到)等引导的分词短语。

[注二]英语里还有一种较口语化的“with + 名词或代词宾格 + 分词 (或形容词、介词短语)”结构，也往往作状语用，表示伴随情况。如：

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没有熄灯就睡着了。

She gazed with her hands clasped to her breast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。

上述结构中的分词亦可用形容词或介词短语代替。如：

He sleeps with the windows open even in winter.他即使在冬天也开着窗户睡觉。

A girl came in with a book in her hand.一位姑娘手里拿着一本书走了进来。(在笔语中，也可说：A girl came in，book in hand.)

英语过去式,过去分词

be was/were been bear bore borne beat beat beaten, beat become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burned, burnt burned, burnt burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen

come came come show showed shown, showed shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank, sunk sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept sow sowed sown, sowed speak spoke spoken spread spread spread stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck swear swore sworn swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought

现在分词和过去分词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 表示伴随 1. 分词作状语：分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例】Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例】Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands) Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD

现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析

现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例如】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例如】 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (We don't have enough hands). Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6) A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed 本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.

初中英语过去式过去分词大全

初中英语过去式过去分词的不规则变化 meaning root form pt pp meaning root form pt pp 让允许let let let 喂feed fed fed 阅读read read read 遇见meet met met 放置put put put 感觉feel felt felt 花费cost cost cost 嗅，发出smell smelt smelt 打hit hit hit 拼写spell spelt spelt 砍切割cut cut cut 损坏，宠坏spoil spoilt spoilt 伤害弄伤hurt hurt hurt 发现，找到find found found 撒抛投cast cast cast 举着，握着hold held held 关闭shut shut shut 听见hear heard heard 沉入安置set set set 有，吃have/has had had 传播展开spread spread spread 丢失，失去lose lost lost 使阴暗overcast overcast overcast 离开，留下leave left left 广播broadcast broadcast broadcast 制造，使得make made made 预测forecast forecast forecast 射击射伤shoot shot shot 爆炸burst burst burst 照耀发光shine shone shone 捕捉赶上catch caught caught 坐sit sat sat 教书教学teach taught taught 临时照顾babysit babysat babysat 想认为think thought thought 吐，吐唾液spit spat spat 买buy bought bought 打赢，获胜win won won 搜寻追求seek sought sought 出血bleed bled bled 打架打仗fight fought fought 逃跑flee fled fled 带来bring brought brought 改建rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 扫sweep swept swept 睡过头oversleep overslept overslept 哭泣流泪weep wept wept 挖dig dug dug 保持keep kept kept 撒谎lie lied lied 睡觉sleep slept slept 放置下蛋lay laid laid 梦到，做梦dream dreamt dreamt 躺lie lay lain 学习，学会learn learnt learnt 敲打，振翅beat beat beaten 燃烧burn burnt burnt 编织weave wove woven 建设build built built 上升，升起rise rose risen 弯曲,弯腰bend bent bent 发生，呈现arise arose arisen 花费,度过spend spent spent 驱使驱赶drive drove driven 发送,派遣send sent sent 拿走，带走take took taken 付钱pay paid paid 误认为mistake mistook mistaken 说say said said 摇动挥动shake shook shaken 站立stand stood stood 刮风，吹blow blew blown 明白understand understood understood 生长，种植grow grew grown 误解misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 知道，了解know knew known 卖sell sold sold 画，拖，拉draw drew drawn 给give gave given 投掷抛throw threw thrown 原谅forgive forgave forgiven 飞行fly flew flown 告诉tell told told 展示show showed shown

现在分词和过去分词的区别

现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。 1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较： surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动) surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的) an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动) excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的) a moving film 一部感动人的影片。 A moved audience 受感动的观众 A tiring journey 累人的旅行 A tired football player 累了的足球运动员 He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。 She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。 也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：the risen sun 升起的太阳 fallen leaves 落叶 the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的炸弹 a retired miner 退休矿工 returned students 归国留学生 2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较： the changing world 正在变化着的世界 the changed world 已经起了变化的世界 boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水) developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 分词和分词短语的用法 1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。 He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。 分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。 (= which belongs to the Third World) The man sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer) Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.) 2)作表语 The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。 The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。 He is married.他已经结婚了。 [注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于： ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于： ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. （二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 （三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤 （1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2）找准逻辑主语 （3）判断主、被动关系 （4）选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

常见英语单词的过去式和过去分词

be beat become begin bend blow break bring broadcast build burn buy catch choose come cost cut dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find was/were beat became began bent blew broke brought broadcast built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found been beaten become begun bent blown broken brought broadcast built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found

fly forbid forget forgive get give go grow hang hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead learn leave lend lie lose make mean meet pay prove flew forbade forgot forgave got gave went grew hung/hanged heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led learned/learnt left lent lay lost made meant met paid proved flown forbidden forgotten forgiven got given gore grown hung/hanged heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led learned/learnt left lent lain lost made meant met paid proven/proved

动词过去式 过去分词 现在分词

动词 一、五种基本形式： 英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。 1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数

二、动词时态 定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时 常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等 地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。 公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。

2、一般过去时 有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when 引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时 常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。 构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。 特殊情形： be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。 用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时 常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时： 常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段等。 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

(完整版)史上最全英语动词过去式与过去分词表(带音标)

常用动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化的规律 （史上最全） 一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） 1. cost[k?st]—cost—cost---costing['k?st??]---costs[k?sts] n.价格, 成本, 费用；代价, 损失 vi.价钱为; 花费 vt.付出(代价), 失去；估价 2. cut[k?t]—cut—cut---cutting['k?t??]---cuts vt. & vi.切, 剪, 割, 削 vt.削减；挖成; 刻成；使(某人)感到疼痛或痛苦；(直线)与(另一条直线)相交；不出席, 不到场；灌制(唱片) n.切, 割, 砍; 用刀等割的破口；减少, 降低; 删减；裁剪样式；伤感情的话或行为 3. hit[hit]—hit—hit---hitting---hits vt. & vi.打, 打击；碰撞 vt.伤害, 殃及 n.一击, 击中；成功而风行一时的事物 4. hurt[h?:t]—hurt—hurt---hurting---hurts vt.使受伤; 伤害；vi.疼痛 vt. & vi.对…有害; 对…有不良影响 n.肉体上的伤害[痛苦]；精神上的痛苦[创伤] 5. let[let]—let—let ---letting vt.让, 使；放掉, 松掉；vt. & vi.出租 6. put[put]—put—put---putting vt.放; 置；使处于(某种状态)；表达, 叙述, 说明 7. read[ri:d]—read—read ---reading vt. & vi.读; 看懂, 理解；vt.显示; 标明 8. set[set]—set—set---setting---sets vt.放, 搁置；vi.(日、月等)落, 下沉；(植物)结子, 结果 n.(一)套, (一)副；收音机; 电视机 adj.固定的; 指定的；不变的 9. shut[??t]—shut—shut ---shutting---shuts vt. & vi.关, 关上

英语过去式过去分词大全(规则+不规则)

原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词begin began begun be was/were been feel felt felt bring brought brought swim swam swum fight fought fought buy bought bought sweep swept swept find found found catch caught caught take took taken fly flew flown come came come teach taught taught get got got cut cut cut tell told told give gave given do did done think thought thought go went gone draw drew drawn throw threw thrown grow grew grown drink drank drunk understa nd understoo d understo od have had had drive drove driven wear wore worn hear heard heard eat ate eaten write wrote written know knew known put put put run ran run leave left left read read read say said said lose lost lost ride rode ridden see saw seen make made made ring rang rung sell sold sold meet met met rise rose risen send sent sent spend spent spent shut shut shut set set set stand stood stood sing sang sung sweep swept swept sleep slept slept sit sat sat speak spoke spoken 原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词begin began begun be was/were been feel felt felt bring brought brought swim swam swum fight fought fought buy bought bought sweep swept swept find found found catch caught caught take took taken fly flew flown come came come teach taught taught get got got cut cut cut tell told told give gave given do did done think thought thought go went gone draw drew drawn throw threw thrown grow grew grown drink drank drunk understa nd understoo d understo od have had had drive drove driven wear wore worn hear heard heard eat ate eaten write wrote written know knew known put put put run ran run leave left left read read read say said said lose lost lost ride rode ridden see saw seen make made made ring rang rung sell sold sold meet met met rise rose risen send sent sent spend spent spent shut shut shut set set set stand stood stood sing sang sung sweep swept swept sleep slept slept sit sat sat speak spoke spoken

最新英语中过去分词的用法讲解

英语中过去分词的用法 过去分词的用法讲解如下： 过去分词的用法在英语语法中很是普遍。那么，如何正确的使用过去分词呢?我们来看看过 去分词的用法解析，只有了解了过去分词的用法，才能正确的运用和使用它。 一、基本概念 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语）， 在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2) 过去分词做定语： 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如： The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。（excited people 被 激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经 过资质认证的老师。） 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出 来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3) 过去分词做状语： 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

牛津英语的过去式与过去分词

Infinitive 不定词 Past tense 过去式 Past Participle 过去分词abide abode,abided abode,abided arise arose arisen awake awoke awaked,awoken be was been bear bore borne,born beat beat beaten become became become befall befell befallen beget begot begotten begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent bereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft beseech besought besought beset beset beset bet bet,betted bet,betted betake betook betaken bethink bethought bethought bid bade,bid bidden,bid bind bound bound bite bit bitten,bit bleed bled bled blend blended,blent blended,blent bless blessed,blest blessed,blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted build built built burn burnt,burned burnt,burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chided,chid chided,chidden choose chose chosen cleave clove,cleft cloven,cleft cling clung clung clothe clothed,clad clothed,clad come came come cost cost cost