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英语作文写作技巧:如何提高英语写作的方法

英语作文写作技巧:如何提高英语写作的方法
英语作文写作技巧:如何提高英语写作的方法

英语作文写作技巧:如何提高英语写作的方法

1.背景

写文章难,用英语写文章则更难。理由很简单,中国人若想用英

语写文章,首先必须具备一定的语言水平,即必须掌握英语中最基本

的词汇和语法,必须具备写出通顺连贯的英语句子的水平,同时还要

懂得一点英美文化背景知识和一定的修辞法。所有这些要素都是用英

语写作的基本前提。用英语写文章难的另一原因是,英语写作与汉语

写作虽有很多相同之处,但因为社会文化背景的差异,两者之间又有

些不同之处,像思维模式、遣词造句、文体风格等都存有着明显的差异,我们只有了解了这些差异,并在实践中灵活利用这些差异,写出

的文章才能合乎英语习惯、流畅得体,达到书面交际的目的,所以我

们常说,写作不但要表达出想要表达的意念,而且还要得体,要符合

英语表达习惯。当然,要想写出像样的文章,除扎实的语言功底外,

还需要具备其他一些水平,其中包括审题水平、选材水平、谋篇水平、思维水平、分析水平、想象水平以及比较渊博的文化知识。

2.存有的问题

当前学生用英语写作文存有以下几个突出问题:一是语言表达水

平差,这是语言基本功不扎实造成的;二是语言不规范。三是分析问题、理解问题的水平不强。关于第一个问题,主要表现在遣词造句、语法

的规范化方面;学生们不善于选词,想到哪个就用哪个,学了很多,记

了很多,会用的却很少。所以,应用时往往苦于无法用英语完全表达

思想,随之就产生了汉语式的句子。关于第二个问题,主要表现在句

型意识弱,对于一些习惯表达法知之甚少。学生只会写:“ Computer is very important to our life.” 却很少通过阅读学会这样的句子:“ Computer is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life ” 又如:“ The transportation can pro mote the tourism industry greatly” , 这个句子好不好,还有没有其他表达法,通过学习写作知识,我们知道在造句过程中能够用一些句子变化

技巧,所以有了如下的句子:“ The rapid development of transportation, a symbol of urban modernization, can greatly boost the tourism industry.” 仔细揣摩会发现,这两个句子在造

句质量上是不一样的。再如:“重视”这个词,有多少学生去细细观

察过我们的大英教材中有多少类似的词或词组能够表达同样的意思,如:“emphasize, stress, put emphasis on, lay emphasis on, place emphasis on, give priority to, attach importance to ”

等等,而这些词都在教材中学过,可为何不会用呢?归根到底,基本功

不够,实践机会太少,忽视对教材的研究,缺少一股子钻研的精神。

我们说:“态度决定一切”。只有认真的态度才是的学习技巧。或许

我们耳边至今还萦绕着伟人的话:“世界上做任何事就怕‘认真’二字。”可见,只要你认真了,一切困难都是纸老虎。再者,关于理解

问题、分析问题的水平,这也是影响文章质量的决定因素。一篇文章

是否论证有力,要看对问题分析的深度和论证的准确性以及所涉及的

论证内容。根据我们的调查,同学们普遍存有审题水平弱的问题和论

据积累不足的问题,考生知识面狭窄,经常无病呻吟,反复说某事物

重要、必要,就是不给论据,既无事实又无数据,这样怎么能打动人,打动不了别人的文章又怎能得高分呢?很多的考研学生拿到图示题,看

不懂图,更不明白图所反映的问题,看不出问题,自然谈不上分析问题、解决问题了。此外,在文章组织结构处理方面也常存有条理不清、句与句之间或段与段之间衔接不自然、逻辑性差、整篇文章仿佛是各

种句子的机械堆砌等问题。

3.建议与对策

1)系统学点写作理论知识

没有理论指导的实践是盲目的实践。写作既然是一门科学,它就

有自己的理论和规律。学习写作需要掌握一定的写作理论知识。当然

学了写作理论不等于就会写文章,但掌握写作的基本要领,自觉地理

解和探索写作规律,就会少走弯路,减少不必要的盲目性。

2)读、写结合

写作是一种使用所学的知识实行再创造的活动。知识的学习是写

作水平提升的必要条件。知识的主要来源是阅读。所以,写作和阅读

不可分割,读写结合,从范文中借鉴,极有助于写作水平的提升。我

们当中有多少人在学精读课文时曾从文章的选材、背景知识、用词,

结构设计、文体、段落发展方式、遣词造句等方面仔细钻研过呢?阅读

对写作的益处是多方面的。首先,博览群书能够开阔思路,活跃文思。其次,阅读能够吸取和丰富写作素材,做到掷地有声。同时,通过阅

读外国人写的作品又是掌握写作规律,学习写作方法的有效途径。大

师们常告诫我们要多读英文简写本的小说就是这个道理。最后,阅读

能够大大丰富我们的词汇,我们能够站在更高的一个角度来学习词,

理解词,从而提升我们使用语言的水平,倘使同学们有兴趣,不妨读

一些语言学方面的书,你一定会感到语言学习其实是一件很有趣的事,而绝非一种痛苦和累赘。

3)坚持练笔

质量源于数量,没有充足量的练笔,就不可能练就写好文章的本领。多写多练,在实践中逐步提升。学游泳,不下水练习永远也学不会;同样,学习写文章,不坚持练笔是根本写不好文章的。

4.提升写作水平的几个现实途径

1)重视精读和泛读学习。

写作是一个使用语言知识的实践过程,会涉及到相当多的知识点,如词汇、语法、语篇等。从语言教学的角度来说,写作是一种“输

出”(output)行为。如果没有充足量的“输入”(input),“输出”就

很难。在阅读一篇文章时,最基础的是单词、短语及句子。所以应该

把一些精华的东西摘抄下来,经常翻一翻,这样不但能扩大词汇量,

还能将其转化为可用的词语,为日后的模仿打下基础,倘使你没有语

料的积累,就根本谈不上模仿。

2)亲自动手做一些语料库建设工作。

选出课文中的精彩词句实行模仿和造句练习,如:count for much, put in hours doing something, go unnoticed, concentrate on, aim to, adapt to, intellectual curiosity, the market-

driven economy, There is never any question that… , shift from…to, What if…, on the bottom rung of the ladder, the prospect of a new life, treasure friendship, stand a chance of, not necessarily, be the case, fan the sparks of hope等等,并力求做到举一反三,用不同的句式、单词等表达同一思想,使自己

的语言驾驭水平得到增强。

3)选编并背诵一些精彩的句子或段落。

这样做既可培养英语语感,了解英语作文的发展方式,又可模仿

句型实行练习。时间长了我们就能了解英美人的思维方式,也只有顺

应了这种思维逻辑,写出的文章才会接近英语表达的习惯。

4)学着拟写提纲

提纲是写作训练进入段落阶段经常采用的一种方法。写提纲,一

则能够检查对题目理解的状况,二则能够把已形成的思维用文字表达

出来。

5)句式变化

语法中的倒装句、强调句及分词、从句等都能够用到写作中,通

过不同句型的交叉使用,增加句子的层次感,使句子灵活、简洁而有

富于变化,这样不但能够做到表意完整且能使文章富有亮点。

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