定语从句
2010高一语法学案（四）
定语从句
一、定义
定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句的连词分为关系代词、关系副词两种。
The boy(先行词) who (关系代词) is singing in the next room is my brother.
I will never forget these days (先行词) when (关系副词) we lived in Hong Kong.
从上述定义和例句中，我们可以得到两个结论：
(1) 定语从句必须有________
(2 )定语从句一般__________
二、关系代词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语。
I. 修饰人
(1) The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.
( who, that指人，在从句中作主语）
(2) The man (whom/who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
(whom, who, that指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略）
(3) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
(whom在从句中指人，作宾语）
(4) The company will employ a person whose English is good.
(whose在从句中指人，作定语)
II. 修饰物
(1) The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting.
(which, that指物，在从句中作主语，不可省略)
(2) The building (which/that) he referred to is beautiful.
(which, that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）
(3) She lives in a house whose windows / the windows of which/ of which the windows face south
(whose指物，在从句中作windows的定语）
III. 用定语从句连接下列句子
1. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
2. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp(跛脚).
3. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
4. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed(坍塌).
5. Mary was offered a job in Australia. Her uncle was working at a big company in
Australia.
IV. whom与who的区别
who在定语从句中充当主语，whom充当宾语。一般情况下，who可以替代whom。但在介词后只能用whom。
The gentleman whom/who you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief.
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
V. which与that的区别
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定
代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：
I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：
a. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
b. It’s the best novel (that) I have ever read.
④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时：
a. That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
b. This is the very book (that) I want to find.
⑤先行词是疑问词who, which时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导：
a. Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
b. Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
⑥当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
三、关系副词
when在从句中充当时间状语，where在从句中充当地点状语，why在从句中充当原因状语，跟在reason后面。
Could you tell me the time when the sports meeting will be held?
The school where I once studied has been pulled down recently.
The reason why he was late for the meeting was unreasonable.
用关系副词连接下列句子
1. I will never forget the campsite. I had a wonderful time there with my friends during the summer camp last year.
2. Oxford University is well known all over the world. Many famous scholars graduated from the university.
3. I was innocent and natural, full of youthful ambitions then. I felt like going back to my
worry-free childhood.
四、正确区分关系代词与关系副词
(1) I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the army.
(when指时间，在从句中做时间状语)
(2) Do you remember the day (that/ which) he spent in the woods?
( that/ which 指时间，在从句中做宾语，并可以省略)
(1) I won’t forget the factory where/ in which my father worked.
(where指地点，在从句中作地点状语)
(2) I won’t forget the factory (which/ that) I visited last year.
( that/ which 指地点，在从句中做宾语,并可以省略)
(1) I know the reason why he did so.
(why指原因，在从句中作原因状语)
(2) I know the reason (which/ that) he explained at the meeting.
( that/ which 指reason，在从句中做宾语,并可以省略)
用正确的关系代词或关系副词填空
(A)
1. The house ______ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2. The house ______ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3. The house ______ faces north is our teachers’ office.
4. The house ______ there is “Be Quiet” is our teachers’ office.
(B)
1. I always remember the days ______ we spent together.
2. I always remember the days ______ we played together.
3. I always remember the days ______ are my family’s birthday.
4. I always remember the days ______ I lived with my grandparents.
(C)
1. This is the reason ______ caused me late for school today.
2. I quite agree with the reason ______ you told me yesterday.
3. I don’t believe the reason ______ you were late this morning.
4. The reason ______ I got up late is that I stayed up too late, doing my homework.
五、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句
①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚，从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：
Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865.
非限制性定语从句连词的选择基本等同于限制性定语从句，注意下述几点：
1. 不能用that
2. 注意which指代前面整句话的用法，这是非限制性定语从句最重要的考点，如：
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
Mary was absent from the meeting, which surprised us all.
3. 先行词充当宾语时，关系代词不能省略。
4. 先行词充当表语时，无论是指物还是指人，都用which，如：
The key to the success of any film is finding a capable and qualified artistic director, which I always hope to be.
试比较：
He is no longer the boy that he used to be.
填写适当的连词完成下列非限制性定语从句
1. That question was too hard to answer, ______ cost me much time.
2. They set up a separate state of their own, ______ they would be free to keep Negroes
as slaves.
3. He lives in another town, ______ is only about an hour’s ride from here.
4. There are 47 students in our class, most of ______ live quite near to the school.
用定语从句连接下列句子，注意非限制性定语从句的应用
1. She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true.
2. He paid me 1 dollar for washing ten windows. Most of them hadn’t been washed for at least a year.
3. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.
六、介词加关系代词
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
There are some occasions on which you should wear formally.
1. I like music ______ my daughter is listening.
2. At last I found out the place ______ these gifts came.
3. The hotel, ______ I spent my holiday last month, is near this river.
4. Someone has taken away my passport, ______ I can’t go abroad.
5. This is the tool ______ Dr Bethune performed operations and saved a lot of soldiers’
lives.
6. He tried to think of a plan ______ he could finish the work ahead of time.
7. The professor was the man ______ room she had stolen the papers.
8. The learned man ______ we have often heard has come.
9. Could you tell me the time _______ the film will begin?
10. Here are many foreign guests, some _______ are your old friends.
11. Light is indispensable to us, _______ we can see nothing.
12. The train _______ we were traveling was late.
13. He mentioned a book_______ the title has slipped my memory.
14. The Huangpu River _______ more than three bridges have been built is getting
cleaner and cleaner.
15. The bed _______ the baby slept broke.
16. Della sat on the corner of the table near the door _______ her husband entered.
17. Water is a liquid the freezing point _______ is 0 oC
18. Jane’s garage, _______ the car had been taken, was not far away.
19. The stories, _______ this is one example, are well written.
20. In our school there is a reading-room, _______ the students often go to read
newspapers and magazines.
七、as引导的定语从句
1) 定语从句在句首时只能用as，指代后文整个句子，如：
As is known to all, the earth is round
as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you see/as we planned/as we expected/as is announced/as is often the case…
2) the same…as
3) such/so…as
This is such an interesting book as we all like.
This is so interesting a book as we all like.
This is such an interesting book that we all like it.
This is so interesting a book that we all like it.
八、定语从句中主谓一致的问题
1. I, who ______ (be) your friend, will help you whenever you are in trouble.
2. Those who ______ (be) in favour of the plan please raise your hand.
3. This is one of the best books that ______ ever ______ (write) on the subject.
4. He is the only one of the students who ______ (be) a winner of scholarship for three
years.
九、选用适当的连词完成下列定语从句
1. We have not fixed the date ______ we begin our trip.
2. ______ we know, Oceania is a separate landmass.
3. Bejing is a city ______ there are many places of interest.
4. The first English novel ______ interested her was “Robinson Crusoe.”
5. Everything ______ has been done must be remembered.
6. Those ______ went to see the film must wait at the school gate.
7. Let him take any seat ______ is free.
8. The Red Army and 25,000 li Long March ______ had been faithfully described in
Snow’s “Red Star Over China” became famous in the whole world.
9. He ______ lives by hope will die by hunger.
10. That’s the new machine ______ parts are all homemade.
11. What’s that ______ was showed just now?
12. Who ______ has seen the film isn’t moved?
13. Such man ______ praised you to your face couldn’t be trusted.
14. ______ is said above, pollution is harmful to our health.
15. Water is the same substance ______ ice.
16. This is the key school ______ I graduated from many years ago.
17. She was often late for school, ______ made her teacher angry.
18. I will never forget the days ______ we spent in the summer camp.
19. Here is so big a stone ______ no one can move.
20. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously know a lot of words and
expressions but can’t write a good essay.
十、改错
1. This is the place where we are going to visit.
2. I still remember the days when we spent together.
3. The reason why he gave me for his not coming is that his mother was ill and he had to
look after her.
4. The washing machine what you bought last week is not good value for money.
5. Such books which you are reading are of no use.
6. Bejing, that is the capital of China, will hold the 2008 Olympic Games.
7. We still remember the man and the story which made us laugh a lot.
8. The boy handed everything to the police which he had stolen from the shop.
9. This is the room in that Karl Marx once lived.
10. Who is the girl who is wearing a red dress?
11. A clock is that that tells the time.
12. Which is known to all, oil and water don’t mix up.
13. He has two sons, both of them are doctors.
14. Is there a gas station around which we can get some petrol?
15. I prefer the house which windows face the sea.
16. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track,
that made her mother very proud.
17. I don’t like the way which you speak to mother.
18. The main speaker, who we thought good, turned to be terrible.
19. The film brought the hours back to me that I was taken good care of in that faraway
village.
20. The books are for those students who’s native language is not English.
21. Those who wants to go please sign their names here.
22. He is the only one of our class who are from America.
23. I, who is a student, must study hard.
24. Have you found the book that you bought it yesterday?
25. The watch to which I paid $50 was stolen by the thief.
26. The young man whom you just talked is an engineer of our company.
27. Is this museum that you visited last month?
28. His mother did all she could help him.
29. The professor you referred to coming to our meeting.
30. I met the man in the street which we spoke to yesterday.
31. I want the same book which you bought in the newly-opened bookshop.
32. Luckily, I found the same bike as I lost in front of the supermarket.
定语从句语法知识点基本汇总
定语从句 一、that引导的定语从句 1. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。 I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress(that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 2.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, some, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？ That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这么多。 （2）当先行词被the very（恰恰,正好）the only, any, few, little, no, all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。 （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 （4）当先行词是first，last，next等序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的
中学英语定语从句知识点归纳学习资料
中学英语定语从句知 识点归纳
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 * 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 * 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1) 关系代词前有介词时； e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. * 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. * 3) 先行词本身是that时； e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限) There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性) * 4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。 He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. * 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面， That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. * 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
思马得英语100个句子搞定英语语法(83)非限制性定语从句-
83.非限制性定语从句 <例句> The plane,which is usually very punctual,was late today. 这班飞机通常很准时，不过今天却晚点了。 <语法分析> 这个句子为典型的非限制性定语从句。可以看出这类从句对所修饰的都有词没有限制词义的作用，只是一些补充性的说明，而且通常都有逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开，多译成一个并列句。把从句拿掉以 后，对句子的剩下部分没有太大的影响。我们把which is usually very punctual拿掉以后，句子就变成了The plane was late today.意思仍很完整，合乎语法。需要留意的是，在这类从句中不可用关系 代词that和关系副词why，也不可以把其他的关系副词给省略掉，此类从句多用于书面语中。 <触类旁通> (1)Tom,who had been driving all night,suggested stopping at the next town. 汤姆开了一夜的车，建议在下一个镇子上停下来。 语法分析：简单、合乎规范的句子。 (2)The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by old men. 公共汽车大部分都已载满了乘客，周围是一群老人。 语法分析：在非限制性定语从句中，which和whom常可以与of或其他介词连用。 (3)I drank beer,which made me fat. 我喝啤酒，这使我的身体发胖了。 语法分析：which不代表一个名词，而代表了前面句子的全部或者部分意思。 (4)Such money as he earned was spent on his girl friend. 他挣的那点钱都花在了他女朋友身上。 语法分析：as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，主要和such连用，也可单独引导一个从句。 (5)Surely there isn't a teacher but faces this problem. 可以确定，凡是老师都会面临这个问题。 语法分析：but作为关系代词引导定语从句。 (6)I've set a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period. 我定了一个办法，你可以照此分期付款。 语法分析：whereby引导一个定语从句，其意思等于by which，类似用法还有wherein 和whereupon等。 <巩固练习> (1)She returned with _____ provisions _____ were needed. (2)He hoped to give me a chance _____ nobody else ever had.
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
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语法知识—定语从句的图文答案
一、选择题 1．The foreigner teaches English in our school is from England. A．what B．which C．who 2．Do you know the girl_______ is drawing a picture? A．when B．whose C．which D．who 3．-- Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you. -- We will. Miss Chen. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 4．The TV play is about a true story_______ happened in a small village a few years ago. A．what B．when C．where D．that 5．After retiring, my teacher Mr. Dai moved to the village he was born sixty years ago. A．when B．which C．where D．what 6．Mrs. Green is proud of her daughter, a nurse ______________is hard-working and looks after patients well. A．who B．whose C．whom 7．The film _____________ I like best is Frozen. A．who B．where C．which 8．Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist __________ is leading a research to develop sea rice. A．whose B．which C．who 9．— Have you heard of the famous Huawei company? —Sure. It’s one of the greatest companies ________ make us Chinese proud. A．which B．that C．what D．who 10．A detective is someone ____________looks for clues to something important. A．whom B．who C．what D．which 11．Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___________went into space. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 12．—Yesterday was my birthday. My father sent me a CD _____was made by TF Boys. —You must be very happy to receive it. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 13．-Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan? -Sure. He is the writer _____________won the Nobel Literature Prize. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 14．That ________ does not kill us makes us stronger. A．that B．what C．who D．which 15．Please remember to bring the clothes_________you bought yesterday.
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定语从句语法讲解
Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,who,whom,whose,which，as关系副词有：
（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 （4）关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如： What‘s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如： Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等 例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。 例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 注意：先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句
一段口诀搞定全部英语语法
一段口诀搞定全部英语语法 一段口诀搞定全部英语语法 据称，熟练背诵之后，可瞬间打通语法学习的“任督二脉”——一周背过，终生不怕语法！早上读两遍，不瞌睡；晚上读两遍，睡的香！ 语法很重要，学起来也比较枯燥，因此我们要各显神通。 话说语法大概有四大流派： 第一：学术派，比如薄冰、张道真等大师。 第二：通俗派，比如赖世雄语法、动画学语法等。 第三：速成派，比如语法树形图、一页A4纸讲清语法、中英比较对译法等等。 第四：口诀派，下面就是全部语法的总结——语法报菜名，就像相声里的报菜名套路，大家可以熟读熟背。 英语语法分为词法和句法，其中词法研究单词的词义和词性，词性可分为实词和虚词，其中实词包括名、形、动、副、数，虚词包括冠、代、介、感、连！英文的词跟中文的词可不一样：中文词汇一般在词尾没什么大的变化——比如中国人今天吃饭叫吃饭，昨天吃饭也叫吃饭，一个苹果叫苹果两个苹果还叫苹果；而英语的词看的就是词尾的变化，因此英语中名词有了单复数、形容词副词有了比较级、代词有了主宾格、数词分成基和序，而其中变化最为复杂的是动词，因为动词用法分为谓语动词和非谓语动词！谓语动词主要研究时态语态语气以及主谓一致，而非谓语动词主要研究三大形式——动词不定式、动名词和分词，而分词又包括现在分词和过去分词！ 以词构句就形成了句法——句法里面最简单的句子叫简单句，简单句包含五种结构分别叫做主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾补和主系表。简单句变得再简单些也就是省略其中的一些成分构成省略句。简单句主语部分和谓语部分适当颠倒就形成了倒装句。简单句还能变得更复杂！ —有两种形式，一种是在两个简单句中间加上并列连词and or but for等等构成并列句；另一种就是在两个简单句中间加上从属连词构成主从复合句。复合句，又分三种，分别是名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句，名词性从句就是把句子变名词，在主句中充当名词性的成分，总共包含四种，分别是主语从句宾语从句表语从句跟同位语从句；定语从句是修饰名词的，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，也可以分为关系代词引导的定语从句和关系副词引导的定语从句。第三种叫状语从句，一共有九种也就是时间地点结果原因方式目的条件让步比较！再加上什么强调句型，独立主格结构，就是全部的英语语法！ 个人认为比较可行的路径是：先用速成派了解语法概要，对语法有个感觉，然后通俗+口诀并进，然后学术+精进！决胜中考！ 语序歌
定语从句讲解教案资料
定语从句讲解
一、定语从句概述 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 二关系词的用法。 关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 引导定语从句的关系代词有"at，who，whom，whose，which;关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法 (1)who, whom的用法 二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。 在现代英语里，有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。She was the one who did most of the talking。大部分时间都是她在说话。（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。（作宾语） I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我 碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。（作宾语，whom可用who 代替) whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who 代替。 Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。（句中的whom不能用who 代替） (2)whose的用法 whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。 Is she a teacher whose hair is very short?她是位头发很短的老师吗？ He is the man whose car was stolen last night. 他就是昨晚被盗车辆的车主。I like the room whose window looks out to the sea.我喜欢那间窗户面向大海的房间。 (3)which的用法 which —般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语的关系代词which 可以省略(放在介词后时除外）。The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。（作主语）The story (which) he told was very popular.他讲的那个故事很有名。（作宾语） (1)that的用法 that可以指人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that之前，若介词提前，指物用which，指人用whom。 E-mail English is a new kind of written English that/which is being used to save time.电子邮件英语是一种可以节约时间的新型书面英语。（作主语"指物) Jack is no longer the person (ha//who/whom) I met five years ago. 杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。（作宾语，指人） There's the book (that/which) you are looking for. 这正是你在找的书。（作宾语，指物）