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现在完成时、现在完成进行时等时态知识点

现在完成时、现在完成进行时等时态知识点
现在完成时、现在完成进行时等时态知识点

一、表示完成动作的动词时态:现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时

1.现在完成时:have(has) done.

1)表示从现在之前(即过去)开始发生并持续到现在动作或状态。

这种现在完成时的特点:

1)谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

2)动作发生在过去,但是这一动作持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。

3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间”的时间状语,以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。

如:I have lived there for three years.我已经住在那里三年了。

She has taught in the school since I came here.自从我来到这里她就在学校里教书。

与这种现在完成时搭配的时间状语如下:

a.) since+时间点

如:I have worked in this company since 1998.自从1998年我就在这家公司工作

b).for +时间段

如:I have worked in this company for three years.我在这家公司工作三年了。

c) “到目前为止”

until now, up until now, up to now, so far

如:We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would

further communication between nation.到目前为止,我们尚未采取任何行动来决定一门国际通用语言,以促进国际间交流。

d) “在最近几世纪/年/月以来”

in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, through centuries等。

如:Through history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die.自古以来,人类就必须接受这样的事实:一切生命体都会消亡。

2002年第46小题:

“------lately? I have not seen you for quite some time .”

A where were you gone?

B where did you go

C where were you going

D where have you been

现在看来答案很明显应该为D

2) 现在完成时表示不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。

如:He has broken his leg.他的腿跌断了。(言外之意就是他可能现在不能和别的同学一样出去

郊游)

注:a)这种现在完成时的动词是短暂性动词,如:come, go , leave , kill, die, lose, buy, start等,因此与他们连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时间”的。

如:不可以说:He has left his hometown for three years.

可以改为:He left his hometown three years ago.

It is three years since he left his hometown.

He has been away from his hometown for three years.

b)这种完成时可以不和任何时间状语连用,也可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。如:already, yet, lately, just, never等。

如:Has it stopped raining yet?雨停了吗?

He has already arrived.他已经到了。

c)这种现在完成时经常用来表示最近发生的动作,提供最新消息,具有新闻性质。

如:The president has been assassinated.总统被暗杀了。

3)现在完成时表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。

如:We have taken three tests so far this week.我们目前这周已经考过三次试了。(重复发生的动作)

4)其他使用现在完成时的结构

a)this/that/it is +序数词+名词+that +现在完成时

如:It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.这是我第一次来北京。

b)this/that /it is +最高级或only修饰名词+现在完成时

如:This is the best wine I have ever drunk.这是我喝过的最好的葡萄酒。

This is the only book he has written. 这是他写过的唯一的一本书。

现在完成时总是与现在有着密切的联系:或是表示到现在为止这一段时间的“一直在持续”或“重复发生”的动作或状态;或是表示影响现状的事件。

5)现在完成时和一般过去时的对比

a)现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作和状态,但是当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有重要影响时就要用现在完成时。

如:He has broken his leg.他的腿摔断了。(表明现在不能和同学们一起郊游)

He broke his leg. 他的腿摔断了。(指表明过去的一种经历,但现在腿好了)

b)用于延续性动词时现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:

如:I have smoked for two years.(我有两年的烟龄了)

I smoked for two years.(我抽过两年的烟,但现在戒了)

He has been in the army for 6 years.(他入伍以来已经6年了)

He was in the army for 6 years.(他当过6年的兵,现在不是了)

2.过去完成时:had done

1) 表示开始在过去之前(即过去的过去)的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在继续。

如:I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.当他到这里的时候我已经在美国住了两年了。(moved是过去的动作,stayed 发生在moved之前,即过去的过去。在moved 之后还将会继续stayed)

I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.截止到去年年底我已经学了1000个单词了。(learned在过去时间the end of last year之前已经发生,到去年年底之后还可能继续)

2)表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前即已停止。并没有持续到这一过去时刻。这时的过去完成时的动作通常是短暂动作。

如:She had made everything ready before I came.在我来之前她已经做好了准备。(made everything ready这个动作发生在came之前,并且已经结束。)

2003年第33小题:

That was the second time I -----China that year .

A have visited

B had visited

C would visit

D was visiting

答案是B

2003年第42小题

The daily news reported that 305 people -----with SARS in Guangdong province

A has becomes infected

B has become infecting

C had become infected

D had become infecting

答案为C

3)表示过去之前开始的动作,在过去之前的一段时间里重复发生。

如:I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.在她最后答应嫁给我之前我已经给她写了100信了。(promised发生在过去,而had written 则是过去时间里重复发生的事情)

4)过去完成时的其他用法:

intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, think, expect等动词的过去完成时可以表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。

如:I had intended to see you, but I was busy.我本来打算去看你但是我很忙。

They had hoped to see you off at the airport, but they got there too late.他们本来希望到机场送你,但是他们去晚了。

过去完成时用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。

如:If you had been at the party, you would have met him.如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。

3.将来完成时态:shall/will have done

表示将来某时之前完成的动作,这一动作往往对将来某时产生影响。常与表将来的时间状语或never, soon连用。

如:I shall have finished writing the article by the end of the week.

我将在本周周末前写完这篇文章。

二、表示完成进行的动词时态:现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时

1,现在完成进行时:have/has been doing

1)现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性,表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在,并且活动还没有结束,还将继续持续下去。

如:It began raining at 8 o’clock. Now it is raining. It has been raining since 8 o’clock.

从8点开始一直在下雨。

2)现在完成进行时表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在为止不再继续或表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。

如:I have been looking for you for the last half hour.过去的半小时我一直在找你。(不再持续)What have you been doing? 你刚才一直在做什么?(表示不久前刚结束)

3)现在完成进行时表示说话时刻以前的一段时间内重复发生的动作。

如:We have been writing to each other for years.我们相互通信多年了。(重复发生)

2,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较

1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的谓语动词都可以表示延续性的,并且与“一段时间”连用。如:I have been learning English for ten years.

I have learned English for ten years.

但是现在完成时如果不和表示一段时间的状语连用,意义指的是一个完成了的动作。现在完成进行时既可以与一段时间状语连用,也可不连用,同样表达“一直持续的动作”的含义。

如:I have worked in this company.我在这家公司做过。

I have been working in this company.我一直在这家公司工作。

2)现在完成进行时强调动作过程,完成时强调动作的结果

现在完成进行时所强调的是在一段时间内某项活动的持续性,因此强调的是动作本身。现在完成时则是强调动作的结果,不是动作本身。

如:I have been painting the house.我一直在给房子刷漆。

I have painted the house green.我把房子刷成了绿色。

3)短暂动词的完成时不能与“一段时间”的时间状语连用,但是短暂动词的完成进行时可与“一段时间”的状语连用。

如:I have been getting up early since I entered the college.自从上大学以来,我一直坚持早起。不能说:I have got up early since I entered the college.

(get up是短暂性动词)

第二部分:巩固练习

用动词的正确形式填空:

1.It ________ (rain) every day so far this month.

填has rained.so far 常和现在完成时搭配使用。表示到目前为止。

2.By the time Mr.Smith left school, he_______(teach) that course for 25 years.

填had taught.表示过去的过去,用过去完成时。

3.Perhaps he ________(finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.

填will have finished. by this time tomorrow 表示将来的短语,谓语动词将来完成时。

4.This is the second time that I __________ (be) to Paris.

填have been. It is the second time句型中的时态是现在完成时。

5. My uncle_____(live) in Shanghai for the past two years.

填has lived.句中for+表示时间段的状语,时态要用现在完成时。

八下第三单元现在进行时时态的讲解

一、概述 现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。 - Is this raincoat yours? 这件雨衣是你的吗? - No, mine is hanging there behind the door. 不是,我的在门后边挂着。 I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我其实不在这上班;我只是暂时在这帮忙,一直帮到来了新秘书. 二,现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 现在进行时由“助动词be(is/am/are)+ v-ing”构成。 I am looking for a pair of black shoes.我正在找双黑色的鞋。 He is picking the apples on that tree.他正在摘那棵树上的苹果。 They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天在工厂劳动。 What are you doing here? 你在这干什么呢? 三,现在进行时的应用 (1)表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作,它不涉及该动作的发生和结果,译成汉语“正在”,这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用,如now, at this time, at present,at the moment等。 I'm doing my homework now. 我现在正在做作业。 It's raining hard.天正在下雨。 -What are you doing? 你在干什么? -I'm doing some washing.我在洗衣服。 (2)表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作,这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用,如these days , this week等。 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 因科技在不断变化,所以选择个人使用的移动电话并不是一件容易事。 The foreign guests are visiting Beijing this week.本周那些外国客人在参观北京。He is writing a novel now.目前他在写一本小说。 He is learning English at college.他在大学学英语。 (3)表示将来的动作 表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等,通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用,以区别此刻正在进行的动作。 He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。 His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.他姐姐明天动身去香港。 They're flying to Beijing tomorrow.他们明天飞往北京。 (4)表达褒贬等感情色彩

英语现在完成时态讲解学习资料

现在完成时 一、定义:表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下,也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的, 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词: AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut

最新英语时态:现在完成时和现在完成进行时区别、过去完成时及现在完成时区别

现在进行时和现在完成进行时区分: 区分have done和have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论: 一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别; 二、要结合动词的不同延续特点.首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别 两者根本区别是:完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasis on duration),完成时强调动作的结果或成就(emphasis on achievement).具体来讲,现在完成进行时have been doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身.现在完成时have done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是动作本身.二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到:(2) a. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house. b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green. 思维分析: 句a中have been painting表示painting动作一直在持续,活动还没有结束,所以才有my hands are very dirty这样的现状.句a意思是“我的手很脏,我现在一直在给房间刷漆”. 句b中have painted表示painted动作已经结束,而且动作导致的结果是the house was white, but now it’s green房间现在是绿色的了. 现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此 I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.(已做好) I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. (不一定做好了 She’s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画.(已画好) She’s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画.(可能还没画好) 强调时间长度用完成进行时比较好:I’ve been coughing all night. 我咳了一整夜.(比I’ve coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久) All the time she’s been sitting there in silence. 她一直静坐在那里. All these years we’ve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系. 许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时: I’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了. The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了6个月. Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他. raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼着加薪. 但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时: I’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做 .Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证. 有少数动词用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大,如: They have been working very well this term. 这学期他们学习很好. They have worked very well this term. It has been raining for two hours. 下了两个小时的雨. It has rained for two hours. 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材):

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如:

时态 现在完成时

Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous Tense Preview Sheet Present perfect Tense谓语构成: _________________________ 现在完成时用法 1、表示过去发生的事情但影响到目前或将来。 *I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 (cleaned是发生的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)。 2、表示过去重复发生的动作也可以在将来重复发生 *He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.) 3、表示过去的动作不发生在过去但可能发生在将来,要使用否定式not 或者never *Yao hasn't returned to China since joining the Rockets. 4、表过去开始的动作一直延续的到现在的,用时间状语连词for或者since. *I have been here for just over two years.我到这里才两年多。 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 例:It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次到访这个城市。 ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I have been here. 2)This is the…that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. 例:This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 现在完成进行时的用法 一、现在完成进行时的构成方法 现在完成进行时由“_______________________________”构成。 二、现在完成进行时用法说明 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止:He_________________ television all day. 他看了一天电视了。 He _________________ this work for three years. 这工作他已干了三年了。 It _________________ since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。 现在完成进行时、现在完成时& 过去时的区别 I 都可表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果: ★现在进完成进行时:have/ has + been + V 进行时表示的结果是直接:

英语现在进行时用法详解(1)

英语现在进行时用法详解(1) 一、单项选择现在进行时 1.Sitting cross-legged in a manner in which the bottom of a foot ______ toward an Arab is a serious insult. A.had pointed B.pointed C.have pointed D.is pointing 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 考查时态。 【详解】 考查时态。句意为翘腿而坐,脚底指着阿拉伯人被认为是严重的侮辱。主句时态为一般现在时,再根据句意可知此处是在陈述事实,要用现在的某种时态,所以AB错误,而现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响,或动作持续到现在,而原句没有这个意思。所以D 正确,表示动作在进行。 2.—I some courses at university,so I can’t work full time at the moment. A.take B.am taking C.took D.have taken 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词的时态。句意:因为我正在上学,所以不能在这时候做全职的工作。根据下方提到so I can’t work full time at the moment 可知我正在上学,故选B 项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 3.(年(春)重庆市高三考前冲刺测试卷)3. May I see your ticket please? I think you _____ in my seat. --Oh, you are right. I'm terribly sorry. A.sit B.are sitting C.will sit D.sat 【答案】B 【解析】 句义:—我可以看一下你的票吗?我认为你坐了我的位置。—你是对的,对不起。根据句义可知本句叙述的是正在发生的事情,所以使用一般现在时。故B正确。 4.Some researches have proved that water quality ____ due to too many dams and pumps in some areas. A.has been declined B.is being declined C.is declining D.had been declining 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词的时态。句意:许多研究表明,水的质量由于过度开采而下降。根据

现在完成时态讲解及练习

现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句:主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句:Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. (原形,过去式和过去分词一致) 二、ABB (过去式和过去分词一致) 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6) 过去式、过去分词改为-elt

二、现在完成时标志词: recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段;in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)

现在进行时时态的讲解

现在进行时态讲解 一、概述 现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。 - Is this raincoat yours?这件雨衣是你的吗? - No, mine is hanging there behind the door.不是,我的在门后边挂着。 I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我其实不在这上班;我只是暂时在这帮忙,一直帮到来了新秘书. 二,现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由 "be+v-ing" 构成。be 应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 现在进行时由“助动词be(is/am/are )+ v-ing ”构成。 I am looking for a pair of black shoes.我正在找双黑色的鞋。 He is picking the apples on that tree.他正在摘那棵树上的苹果。 They are working in a factory these days.他们这几天在工厂劳动。 What are you doing here?你在这干什么呢? 三,现在进行时的应用 (1)表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作,它不涉及该动作的发生和结果,译成汉语“正在”,这 一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用,如 now, at this time, at present ,at the moment 等。 I'm doing my homework now. 我现在正在做作业。 It's raining hard. 天正在下雨。 -What are you doing?你在干什么? -I'm doing some washing.我在洗衣服。 (2)表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作,这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用,如 these days , this week 等。 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 因科技在不断变化,所以选择个人使用的移动电话并不是一件容易事。 The foreign guests are visiting Beijing this week.本周那些外国客人在参观北京。 He is writing a novel now. 目前他在写一本小说。 He is learning English at college. 他在大学学英语。(3) 表示将来的动作 表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等,通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用,以区别此刻正在进行的动作。 He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。 His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.他姐姐明天动身去香港。 They're flying to Beijing tomorrow.他们明天飞往北京。 (4)表达褒贬等感情色彩 和 always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously 等频度副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 He is constantly leaving his things about.他时常乱丢东西。(表责怪) She is always changing her clothes.她老是换衣服。(表责怪) He is always working hard.他总是学习很用功。(表赞赏)

初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 动词的时态和语态 (一)动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如: a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如: a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如: a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.

时态讲解(一般现在时-现在进行时-一般过去时)

重要时态复习 一般现在时 【定义】一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。 即描述我们日常生活中的衣食住行等活动。 【用法】 (1 ) 在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用: always, usually, o ften, sometimes, every week, once a week, on Sundays … 【结构】 【第三人称单数变化规律】

【练习】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。(Be动词) 2. __________(be) Tom and Sam in the same class? 3. Your school life __________(be) very interesting. 4. There __________(be) a pen, two rulers and some books on the desk. 5. The boys __________(be) very friendly to me. 1. My mom can __________(cook) food well. 2. Must she __________(stay) at home now? 3. What can the boy __________(do) for his parents? 4. Tom can’t __________(sing) an English song. 5. He may __________(perform) ballet at Kangkang’s birthday party. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。(实义动词) 2. Tom and I usually __________(go) to school by bike. 3. Does Lin Tao __________(like) reading storybooks? 4. What classes do you __________(have) today? 5. How often does the girl __________(watch) TV? 四、句型转换。(Be动词) 1. She is in a blue dress. 2. I am from Qijiang.(变一般疑问句)__________ __________ from Qijiang? 3. Are the storybooks very interesting?(否定回答)No, __________ __________.

(word完整版)初中现在完成时态的讲解及习题

现在完成时的讲解和练习题 一、构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他 否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他? 简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语+ have/has. (否定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't. 二、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在 (一)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态 常与just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有),ever(曾经),before(以前),yet(仍然,还),once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少次),so far(迄今为止),up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如: ※副词的位置:①just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has+主语+ever+过去分词?“…曾经……过吗?”用于询问某人 过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm? (二):表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有: ①for+表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 ②since+表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. ③since+表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. ④since+一段时间+ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for,since,how long, all one’s life)连用的动词必须用延 续性动词(肯定句)。如:be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。非延续性动词,又叫瞬间动词,短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died. 常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下: 1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,

一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别:

一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别: 1)现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系,主要说明的是现在的情况和状态;而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间,与现在不发生联系。例如 We haven't seen him since last year. (我们自从去年以来一直未见到他.(现在还未见到)We didn't see him last year. 我们去年没见到他(现在不一定未见到) 2)现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在(包括现在)的某个动作或状态,与现在有关的时间状语连用,一般过去时表示过去某一特定(与现在无关)的时间,与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。 例如:He has lived here since he was born .自他出生以来一直居住在这儿。(since 自从…以来与现在有关,说明还居住在这儿。) Liumei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。(只说明昨晚)(三)值得注意几个问题: 1)动作发生在过去,一直持续到说话的时候,并且还在延续时,要用现在完成时。例如:We have studied English for two years (我们学英语两年了) 2)指过去的经历,但没有表示过去的时间状语,要用现在完成时。例如: I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次. 3)以When开头的特殊疑问句,要用一般过去时。例如: When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔? 4)just (刚刚)与现在完成时连用,just now (刚才)与一般过去时连用。例如: The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。 The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。 5)since 作介词,后面跟时间名词一起作状语时,句子要用现在完成时;since 作连词,引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 He has worked in this factory since 1996. I have known him since he was a child. 6 )so far 、in the last / past …… 与现在完成时连用。例如: So far , many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years , our lives have changed a lot. 四、学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别 1)延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别 2)since 和for 的区别。 3)have / has gone to 、have / has been to 、have / has been in 的区别 五、短暂性动词和延续性动词转换归纳。 buy—have leave— been away from borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on come back—be back open—be open go to town—be in town lose—be missing close—be closed begin /start—be on fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep catch a cold—have a cold get /receive a letter from—have a letter from come to —be here / there arrive in (at)/ get to / reach——be here / there

现在进行时讲解及练习

现在进行时讲解及练习 一、单项选择现在进行时 1.It’s nearly four years since I worked in that firm. I ________ a band with other fellows. A.operated B.had been operating C.was operating D.am operating 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查时态。句意:我在那家农场上班快四年了,我现在正和其他伙伴经营一个乐队。根据句意可知,用现在进行时态,故选D。 考点:考查时态 2.I ______ the neighbour’s cat this week while she’s in hospital. A.feed B.would feed C.am feeding D.was to feed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析: 句意:在我邻居住院的这一周我一直在替她喂猫。根据句意可知此处表示在某段时间内一直在做的,be doing可以表示某个时间正在发生的,也可以指某段时间以来一直在做的事情,选C。 考点:考查动词时态 3.– Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A.have had; is running B.had; is running C.have; has been run D.have had; has been run 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词的时态。 句意:---你认为我们应该接受那个建议吗? ---是的,我们应该,因为到目前为止我们已经运气很糟糕,并且时间也正在被耗尽。 根据时间状语up till now,可知第一个空格处要用现在完成时态,排除B,C;且run out无被动,排除D;说时间快用完了,需用现在进行时态表将来。选A。 4.. --- I hear you__________at Smith’s. --- Yes, I __________ there for about three months. A.work; had been working B.worked; was working C.are working; have been working D.worked; have worked 【答案】C

现在完成时讲解与练习答案

Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. you ______ (find) your science book yet 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. havemade 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here A. come B. got C. arrived D.been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C.when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ toBeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B.gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B.since C. for D. that will go to the station to meet Lorry --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B.have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D.have, had you knowLydiavery well --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C.have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ inChinafor 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C.have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black -- Sorry. He ______ theBainiaoPark. A. has been to B.has gone to C. went to D. will go to

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