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一．判断下列说法的正误：

(1)T2噬菌体感染菌体，不会导致菌体裂解(2012·海南卷，5D) ( ×)

(2)病毒是一类具有细胞结构的生物(2010·课标全国卷，1A) ( ×)

(3)蓝藻细胞具有细胞核且DNA分子呈环状(2010·课标全国卷，1B) ( ×)

(4)蓝藻无叶绿体，但能进行光合作用(2011·海南卷，10B) ( √)

(5)衣藻进行光合作用的场所是叶绿体(2010·北京卷，2C) ( √)

二．选择题

1．(2012·北京卷，2)从生命活动的角度理解，人体的结构层次为( B )

A．原子、分子、细胞器、细胞 B．细胞、组织、器官、系统

C．元素、无机物、有机物、细胞 D．个体、种群、群落、生态系统

2．(2009·天津卷，2)下列是有关著名科学家通过研究取得重要理论成果的论述，正确的是( C ) A．虎克(R.Hooke)在显微镜下观察木栓组织发现蜂窝状“细胞”，建立了细胞学说

B．坎农(W.B.Cannon)通过研究细胞内基因表达的过程，提出了内环境稳态概念

C．摩尔根(T.H.Morgan)对雄果蝇白眼性状的遗传分析，证明了基因位于染色体上

D．韦尔穆特(I.Wilmut)等在体外条件下将羊体细胞培养成了成熟个体，证明了哺乳动物体细胞具有全能性

3．(2011·山东卷，5)下列关于原核生物和真核生物的叙述，正确的是( D )

A．原核生物细胞无线粒体，不能进行有氧呼吸

B．真核生物细胞只进行有丝分裂，原核生物细胞只进行无丝分裂

C．真核生物以DNA为遗传物质，部分原核生物以RNA为遗传物质

D．真核生物细胞具有细胞膜系统(生物膜系统)，有利于细胞代谢有序进行

4.(2011·上海卷，14)如图为测量保卫细胞长度的局部显微视野，下列表述错误的是( C )

A．要测量该细胞的长度，需旋转目镜

B．物镜从10×换为40×，图示测微尺每小格所代表的长度变小

C．在不同放大倍数下，图示测微尺每小格的实际长度不同

D．若视野中物像不清晰，会造成测量误差

5.据《齐鲁晚报》报道，山东省十几个县市的某种玉米患上了“粗缩病”，该

病是由灰飞虱传播“粗缩病”病毒引起的。下列有关叙述中错误的是( C )

A．培养“粗缩病”病毒不能用普通的培养基

B．“粗缩病”病毒的遗传物质复制所需原料来自于寄主细胞

C．“粗缩病”病毒核酸的基本元素是C、H、O、N

D．“粗缩病”病毒的生命活动离不开寄主细胞

6．有关下图所示的四种不同生物的相关叙述，正确的是( C )

A．甲、乙两种细胞的细胞壁都可用纤维素酶完全水解

B．乙为低等植物细胞，细胞中的核糖体和叶绿体均含RNA

C．丙的遗传物质是单链RNA，其突变率远高于DNA病毒

D．丁的细胞中无线粒体却能进行有氧呼吸

7．很多科学家在细胞学说创立的过程中作出了突出贡献，下面说法中不符合事实的是( B )

A．詹森制造的显微镜第一次使人类能够观察到肉眼无法区分的奇妙的显微领域

B．虎克第一次观察到了活的细胞并为之命名

C．列文虎克首次观察到了材料丰富的真正的活细胞

D．魏尔肖的著名论断是对细胞学说的重要补充

8．下列有关生命系统结构层次的叙述，不正确的是( C )

A．细胞是地球上最基本的生命系统

B．“三倍体”是从个体层次对体细胞染色体数量特征的描述

C．“太湖中所有鱼”属于生命系统研究的一个结构层次

D．物质循环是指组成生物体的元素在生命系统的最高层次内所进行的循环流动

9.下面表格所示是两种细胞所具有的特征。从表格中给出的特征分析，下列说法不正确的是

( C )

特征细胞Ⅰ细胞Ⅱ

细胞壁有有

核糖体有有

成形的细胞核无有

光合作用有无

细胞呼吸有有

A.细胞Ⅰ是原核细胞，可能是蓝藻 B．细胞Ⅱ是真核细胞，可能是植物的根尖细胞C．两种细胞的细胞壁具有相同的组成成分 D．细胞Ⅰ没有线粒体

10．除病毒外，其他有机体都是以细胞为基本单位构成的。下列有关细胞和有机体的叙述中，正确的是( C )

A．在高等动植物细胞中，有机体大小与细胞大小直接相关

B．人的卵细胞、受精卵细胞、造血干细胞和红细胞中，红细胞最能体现细胞结构和功能的统一C．在各种真核生物的细胞中，有细胞壁的细胞不一定具有叶绿体，但具有叶绿体的细胞一定具有细胞壁

D．在各种生物细胞中，有以核膜为界限的细胞核的细胞不一定具有细胞壁，没有以核膜为界限的细胞核的原核细胞一定具有细胞壁

11．下列关于原核细胞与真核细胞的叙述，正确的是( C )

A．原核细胞具有染色质，真核细胞具有染色体

B．原核细胞中没有核糖体，真核细胞中含有核糖体

C．原核细胞没有以核膜为界限的细胞核，真核细胞有细胞核

D．原核细胞的DNA分布于拟核，真核细胞的DNA分布于细胞核

12．下列有关“菌”的描述中，不正确的是( B )

A．酵母菌可以进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸 B．硝化细菌无染色体，故不能产生可遗传的变异C．乳酸杆菌在细胞质基质中产生乳酸 D．S型肺炎双球菌有荚膜，菌落光滑，有毒性

13．下列有关生物的共同特征的叙述，正确的是( C )

A．酵母菌、乳酸菌都是细菌，且都能进行有丝分裂，遗传都遵循遗传规律

B．酵母菌、乳酸菌、硝化细菌都不含叶绿素，且都是分解者，都能进行有氧呼吸

C．乳酸菌、硝化细菌、蓝藻都是原核生物，且都有细胞壁，体内含有DNA和RNA两类核酸分子D．乳酸菌、硝化细菌都是异养型生物，在电镜下可观察到核糖体附着在内质网上

14．下列关于原核细胞与真核细胞的描述中，错误的是( C )

A．两类细胞中8种核苷酸都含有C、H、O、N、P B．两类细胞合成蛋白质的场所都是核糖体C．遗传物质载体都由DNA和蛋白质组成 D．原核细胞都没有以核膜为界限的细胞核15．①②③④⑤是操作显微镜的几个步骤。如图为用显微镜观察的两个视野，其中标注黑色的细胞为主要观察对象。由视野甲到视野乙时，操作过程正确的是( B )

①转动粗准焦螺旋②转动细准焦螺旋③调节光圈④转动转换器⑤移动玻片

A．①②③④B．⑤④③② C．③①⑤④D．④⑤②③

16.(2010·江苏卷，26节选)如图为酵母菌细胞结构示意图。请回答下列问题。

(1)酵母菌细胞结构与菠菜叶肉细胞相比，最主要的区别是酵母菌_______________；与蓝藻细胞相比，最主要的区别是酵母菌________________________。

(2)图中含有RNA的结构有______________(填序号)。

(3)图中不能直接分解葡萄糖但能释放CO2的结构是________(填序号)。

(4)为制备酵母菌原生质体，需用酶解法除去结构①，但应在________________溶液中进行。

答案(1)没有叶绿体具有以核膜为界限的细胞核(成形的细胞核) (2)②④⑥⑧(3)⑥(4)等渗(或高渗)

17.下面是四类细胞的结构模式图，请据图回答：

(1)从结构上看，________与其他三者的差别最大，主要表现为

__________。

(2)Ⅳ属于________细胞，判断依据是

______________________________。

(3)将Ⅱ细胞置于0.3 g/mL的蔗糖溶液中，细胞将会发生

________________现象，与该过程有关的细胞器是________(填序号)。

(4)四类细胞中共有的细胞器是________。

(5)在离体条件下，若将Ⅰ进行细胞培养，则会周期性消失和重现的细胞结构是__________________(填结构名称)。

答案(1)Ⅲ无以核膜为界限的细胞核(无核膜或无成形的细胞核) (2)低等植物具有细胞壁和叶绿体，同时还有中心体(3)质壁分离⑤(4)核糖体(5)核仁、核膜(或染色体、纺锤体)

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