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初中英语英语名词代词讲解_练习及答案

名词、代词

(一)名词

1.名词的数

(1)可数名词——一般是个体名词,如a boy(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式:

情况构成方法读音例词

一般情况加-s 清辅音后读/s/,浊辅

音或原音后读/z/

book→books

key→keys

以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es 读/z/

tomato→tomatoes

potato→potatoes

以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es 读/iz/

bus→buses

watch→watches

box→boxes

以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的名词加-s 读/iz/

case→cases

orange→oranges

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再

加-es

读/z/

family→families

party→parties

以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为

v,再加-es

读/z/

knife→knives

leaf→leaves

不规则复数变化形式:

变内部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men

词尾加en child-children, ox-oxen

单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li

特殊的复数形式:

1)集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。

the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)

the French法国人(指全体法国人)

2)复合名词

a woman teacher—women teachers女教师an Englishman—Englishmen英国男子

a grown-up—grown-ups成人

a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯

(2)不可数名词

专有名词:NBA全美篮球协会Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊the West Lake西湖

物质名词:液体:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)

肉类:beef chicken mutton pork

天气:weather rain snow wind light 光

其他:news(新闻,消息) bread(面包)

抽象名词:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。

tea—different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶

food 食品—all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品

fruit 水果—all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果

glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯—glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯

【名词的格】

1).表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。

①一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:Tom's chair;the children's bedroom

②以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:the students' reading room

③并列名词表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加’s;w

表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。

如:Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)

Tom’s and Mike’s father s 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲(俩人各自的父亲)

④表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。

如:at Tom’s 在汤姆家里at the tailor's在裁缝店at a chemist's在药店

2).表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。

如:the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福

注意:①表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形式。

如:the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun

the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立

②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用-'s。

如:yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程

③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。

如: a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指

④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。

如:teachers' office 教师办公室children's book 儿童读物

(二)代词:

英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。人称代词:

人称单数复数

主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

第三人称he

she

it him

her

it

they them

通称one ones

物主代词:

人 称

单 数

复 数

形容词性

名词性 形容词性

名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his her its

his hers its

their

theirs

通 称

one's 反身代词:

人 称

单 数 复 数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称

himself herself itself

themselves

通 称

oneself

不定代词:常见的有some ,any ,all ,none ,both ,either ,either ,each , other ,another ,much ,many ,

few ,little ,one 等

指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those 疑问代词:

一、典型例题

( )1. How many ________ were lost in the fire! A .life B .lives C .lifes

( )2. We will have a ________ holiday, What about going to West Lake? A .two day B .two-day C .two-days D .two day’s ( )3. I have ________ to do this evening.

A .a lot of works

B .many work

C .a lot of work

D .some works ( )4.There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages

D. thoughts

( )5.My uncle will come to my house for dinner .I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him . A .meat B .tomatoes C .apple juice

( )6.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors

C. drivers

D. singers

( )7. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )8. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )9. Miss Brown will teach ________ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours ( )10.______ are League members.

A. He and me

B. I and he

C. He and I

D. Me and he

Who

whom

whose which what 谁(主格) 谁(宾格)

谁的

哪个,哪些

什么

()11.We are in a hurry, s o we can’t look after ________.

A. they

B. their

C. theirs

D. them

()12.“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isn’t it one of ______?”

A. our’s

B. ours’

C. ours

D. our

()13. Would you please give _____?

A him it

B it him

C to him it

D it to him

()14. She always thinks of ____ more than ____.

A others, her

B the others, she

C others, herself

D the others, herself

()15. ---Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?

--- _____. I like a light blue one.

A. Either

B. Both

C. Any

D. Neither

三、课后练习

()1.---How far is your cousin’s home from here?

---It’s about two _______ drive.

A. hour’s

B. hours

C. hours’

D. hour

()2--- Good morning, madam. Can I help you?

---Sure, I’d like ______ for cooking vegetables.

A. two cups of tea

B. three pieces of bread

C. five kilos of oil

()3---Would you like some drinks, boys? ---Yes, ____ , please.

A. some oranges

B. two boxes of chocolate

C. some cakes

D. two boxes of cola ()4---Look! Do you know ______man under the tree?

---Sorry .It’s too far to see ______clearly.

A.this; him

B. that; his

C. this; her

D. that; him

()5---Which of the caps will you take?

---I’ll take _______,one for my father ,the other for my brother.

A.neither

B. both

C. all

()6---Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday?

---_______.I cleaned it all by myself.

A.Somebody

B. Nobody

C. Everybody

()7---Excuse me .I want to buy some stamps. Where can I find a post office?

---I know _______not far from here. You can easily find ________.

A.that; it

B. it; one

C. one; it

()8_________of the hats suited him, so Jack had to try on the third one.

A.Neither

B. Either

C. Both

()9---Have you got ________ready for the sports meeting?

---Not yet. We still have ________to do.

A. anything; nothing

B. something; everything

C. everything; something ()10. All of us find _______ necessary to take exercise every day.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. them

()11. ---Linda, help _______ to some fruits. ---Thank you!

A. you

B. yours

C. yourself

D. yourselves

()12. She is a student and ________ name is Kate.

A. she

B. her

C. hers

()13This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _____ new words in it.

A. little

B. a little

C. few

D. a few

()14. Today is September 10th. It's______ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.

A. Teachers

B. Teachers'

C. the Teachers'

D. Teacher's

()15 .He had something to write down and asked me for_____,

A. a paper

B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper

()16. The ______ now is that we have lots of _____ to ask,

A. problem; questions

B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question

()17. --- Can I just have a try?

---Sure. It doesn't if you give a wrong answer.

A. matter

B. trouble

C. mind

D. care

()18. --- Could you move over a little and make some_______ for me? --- Sure. Please.

A. place

B. seat

C. room

D. ground

()19. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ----_____, please.

A. Two cup of coffee

B. Two cups of coffees

C. Two cups of coffee

D. Two cup of coffees ()20. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _______.

A. fun

B. wishes

C. interest

D. thanks

()21. I'd like something to read. Would you please pass me the _____________?

A.pen

B. box

C. ruler

D. book

()22. September 10th is ___________.

A. Women's Day

B. Children's Day

C. Mid-autumn Day

D. Teachers' Day

()23. ---How do you get home from ______? By bus? ---No, I walk. ______ isn't very far.

A. school, The school

B. the school, The school

C. the school, School

D. school, School

24. She began to learn French all by herself last year. She began to ____ ____ (自学)French

last year.

25. This is not my pencil-box. ___________(I)is in the bag.

26. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______________(he)?

27. Did you enjoy ____ (you),Mary and Kate?

28.The hunter was very smart and brave. When two ____________ (狼) came, he wasn’t afraid at all.

典型例题答案

1答案:B此题考查名词的单数和复数问题,根据问题中的动词were 得知此题应该用名词的复数形式,而life这个名词属于以f,fe结尾的名词,改f,fe为ve再加s,注意这里的lives读[laivz]。

2答案:B此题考查复合名词作定语,复合名词作定语时,通常不用复数形式,中间用连字符号。当然如果不用连字符号也可以用名词的所有格形式,此题的命题陷阱在选项D上,选项D two day’s,如果是two days’就可以选用,同学们一定要注意所有格符号的位置。

3答案:C此题主要考查work这个词的用法,work当“工作”讲时是不可数名词(当然当作著作讲时是可以加s的),所以A选项不能选用;B 选项many不能修饰不可数名词,也不能选用;D选项,work加了s,也不能选用,只能用C选项。a lot of可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,此题中文“今天晚上我有许多工作要做”。

4[答案]A。[解析] 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词,其中A为不可数名词,B、C、D为名词的复数形式,句中用了连系动词is,

5答案]B。[解析]下文说制作蔬菜沙拉,故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。

6[答案] D。[解析]可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知,需要挑选的是singers。

7[答案] B。[解析]news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。

8[答案] B。[解析]news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。

9答案:B分析: teach 是及物动词后面带宾语,因此应该用代词的宾格。10答案:C分析: 从句子结构来看空格处应填主语所以要填主格,按英语的习惯在并列主语中,I总是放在最后。

11答案:D分析:look after 是一个短语动词,其中的after是介词,需要接宾格形式。另外,我们也可以把look after看作是一个及物动词,其后面也应该接宾格形式。

12答案:C分析:在“one of + ?”结构中要用名词性物主代词,根据前文,它相当于“a bike of ours”。

13 D分析:英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。所以本题答案应该选“”。

14 C”分析:在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“。

15“C”分析:在英语中,“一些……,另一些……”有两种译法:“Some …, the others …”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some …, others …”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选。

16 C分析:英语中,“too … to”意为“太……而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。17 D分析:带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:“some of”(意为“其中一些”)、“much of”(意为“其中许多”)、“most of”(意为“其中大多数”)……等。“the mos t of”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选:。

18 D分析:意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”,19:B分析:在英语中,“另两个”的译法有多种:“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。20 B分析:要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the dishes on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选:

21 D分析:要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选:

22 B分析:take sth with sb意思是“随身带”,指代很明确,不需要强调。但是,后半句如果用her,则可能理解为她与别人谈话,与第二句的意思不符。此时只能用反身代词herself表示“自言自语”。答案:

23答案:D分析:根据句意,第一空要填人称代词宾格,第二空要填反身代词,正好构成enjoy themselves(玩得愉快)

24答案:B分析:本题中,mistake是可数名词,初看题目似乎没有一个选项是可选的。但是,如果我们选择B,那么,a little mistake(一个小错误)的意思就非常清楚了,其中的a little不是“一些”的意思。请比较以下两个短语的意思:a little water 一些水(a little修饰water)a little girl 一个小女孩

25答案D分析:本题最后一句是做题的关键。最后一句表示要light blue one,说明在问句中提到的yellow one和pink one都是不要的。

1】选C。表示时间的名词所有格时,常加’。

2】选C 3】选D 4【解析】选D

5【解析】选B

6【解析】选B

7【解析】选C

8A 9C

10C11【解析】选C。四个选项都是代词,由关键信息help和to some fruit 可联想到help oneself (随便吃/喝……)结构,故排除A、B、D三项,选C。

12B

13【解析】选C。little和a little用来修饰不可数名词,few和a few用来修饰可数名词;little和few意思是“几乎没有”,含有否定意义,a little 和a few意思是“有点儿”,含有肯定意义。结合题意“对于学生来说,这份英文报纸很容易”可知“这份英文报纸里面几乎没有生词”,故正确答案为C

14.B “教师节”的正确表示法是“Teachers' Day”。

15.D paper表示“纸”的意思时是不可数名词,前面可以加a piece of (pieces of)。16.A question一般与“疑问”有关,problem一般与“困难”有联系,多用于指令人困惑的事或数学难题等。

17. A it doesn't matter. 意思是“没关系”。

18.C room在这里指“空间”。

19.C不可数名词表示数量时,借助表量的名词,名词前数词大于一时,名词用复数形式。

20.A fun有“娱乐,玩笑,嬉戏”等意。

21. D 本题为语意的理解问题,与“read”直接发生联系的是“book”。

22. D 本题属于社会常识。

23. A 上句中的“school”虽是个体名词,但这里已转为“抽象”意义,故前面不用冠词;下句中的“school”

则是特指,故要用定冠词。

24:teach herself分析:learn French all by herself意思是“自学法语”,另一种说法是teach herself French。

25mine

26. him

27yourselves

28填wolves

成都戴氏教育精品堂培训学校新都校区 初三英语第1次课 刘小红 135********

教师寄语:Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.(心之所愿,无所不成。)

7

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