2019高考英语语法专题汇总(一)：定语从句

2019高考英语语法专题汇总（一）：定语从

句

专题一定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）

who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

whom 指人在从句中作宾语

whose 指人或物在从句中作定语

as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词

2、as 的用法

（1）常用于下列结构：suchas; soas;the sameas; asas

注意：the sameas 表示同一类，不同一个

the samethat 表示同一个

（2）as与which的区别

a、位置不同

as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。

b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为正如，正像。

Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为这一点，这件事’。

注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,

as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

二、只用that不用which的情况

1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时

2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just ,

very ,right等修饰时.

3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

5、当先行词是数词时.

6、当先行词既指人又指物时。

7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。

8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。

10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。

三、只用which不用that的情况

1、当介词放在关系代词之前时。

2、在非限制性定语从句中。

3、当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。

四、只用who不用that的情况

1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。

2、there be 结构中。

3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。

4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。

5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。

6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。

7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。

8、先行词是拟人化的名词。

9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。

五、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when时间状语

注意：It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that 只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。

2、where 地点状语

注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.

3、why 原因状语先行词为reason。

六、介词与关系代词

1、介词如何确定

（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定

（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定

（3）根据意思来确定

（4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置

（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

（3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

3、名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级+of+which/whom。

七、定语从句中的主谓一致

1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

2、one of+复数名词位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1、当先行词是way，且意为方式、方法时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。

注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。

2、当先行词是time时，若time作次数讲，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作一段时间讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。

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