2018年.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案解析详细解析

2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析

11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.

A.has been believed to have been

B.was believed to be

C.is believed to have been believed to be

解析：C. is believed to have been. 位于Cariof附近的弯曲金字塔被认为是古埃及第一次尝试建造的一个表面光滑的金字塔。背景相关知识，弯曲金字塔，是公元前2600年由第一位法老萨夫罗修建的，位于距离Cario西南27公里处的地区，它是仅存的表面平滑金字塔之一，塔身弯曲。考点分析，sb/sth be believed to do/to be doing/to have done用法, sb/sth be believed to do(将来时态，代表某人某物被认为将要做某事），Lucy is believed to go to London. Lucy被认为将要去伦敦。（没去）；sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事)，Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy被认为正在去伦敦的路上。（在去的路上）；sb/sth be believed to have done(过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy is believed to have gone to London. Lucy被认为去过伦敦。（已经去了）。拓展句型，The refugees from Syria are believed to have committed various crimes in Germany since June 2015. 人们相信叙利亚来的难民自2015年6月份以来已经在德国犯下了各种罪行。

12.U.S.News _______ rankings of colleges since1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to a university campus.

A.maintains

B. is maintaining

C.maintained

D.has been maintaining

解析：D.has been maintaining. 《美国新闻》从1983年起就一直保持着大学的排名。对于想申请大学校园的学生来说，这些大学是非常受欢迎的资源。考点分析，时态现在完成进行时（have been doing），从过去某一时间点（1983年）到现在仍然进行的动作（一直保持

大学排名）。拓展句型，Tom has been playing football for two hours.Tom已经踢了两个小时的足球了。maintain重要词汇，vt. （keep steady）维持，~to maintain world peace, （support）供养，~to maintain a family of 6, （assert坚称）~to maintain that, (look after 保养—vehicle、machine、building）~to maintain a road.

13.☆He was lured into a crime he would not _____ have committed.

A. actually

B. otherwise

C. accidentally

D. seldom

解析：B. otherwise. 他是被引诱的, 要不然的话, 他是不会犯罪的。考点分析，otherwise用在定语从句结构中, 并与虚拟语气搭配使用。本题省略了that，He was lured into a crime that he would not otherwise have committed. 本句中省略的关系代词that指代先行词crime, 充当commit的宾语。Otherwise的这一用法既可以出现在that/which/who引导的普通定语从句中,也可以出现在than引导的特殊定语从句。 otherwise的基本含义是“在相反的情况下”或“要不然的话”, 表达的是与前面提到的真实情况相反的一个假设情形。本句otherwise 是对过去的虚拟, otherwise就相当于虚拟条件从句“if it had not been for …”, 此时that定语从句中的结构为“that somebody would otherwise have +过去分词”。整个定语从句相当于这样一个完整的虚拟句: “He would not have committed the crime if he had not been lured into it.”(如果他当时没有受引诱,他就不会犯罪了。) 具体用法请查阅otherwise与定语从句。

14.she was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____ mountains behind the apple orchard.

1.blue hazy Virginia B. Virginia blue hazy C. hazy blue Virginia D. hazy

Virginia blue

解析：C.hazy blue Virginia. 她曾经是一个年轻的乡村妻子，后院养着鸡，在苹果园后面可以看到朦胧的蓝色弗吉尼亚山脉。只要你记住口诀“限数描大形,新色国材名”这句话, 此题就迎刃而解。如，these two useful small new white American calculators.

15.I long to alleviate _____, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

A.the evil

B.evils

C.an evil

D.evil

解析：A.the evil. 我盼望减轻这些罪恶，但无能为力, 我自己也在受苦受难。考点分析，考句选自罗素的What I Have Lived For ，Bertrand Russell. the evil, 邪恶，罪恶；alleviate vt.减轻，缓解

16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming _____ .

A. war

B.are war

C.of war

D.are of war

解析：D.are of war. 事实上，身体损害是足球的关键是可论证的，如同杀戮和残害是战争的关键。

17.At _____, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.

A.its most basic

B.its basic

C.the most basic

D.the basic

解析：A.its most basic.在最基本的情况下，摄影是一个化学过程，在这个过程中，感光材料在曝光时会发生变化。考点分析，at one’s/its +形容词最高级, 表达的含义是“处于最…的状态”。拓展句型...but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. 但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。

18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is to used_____ .

A.to express an intended purpose

B.to indicate a high degree of possibility

C.to reveal an undesirable consequence

D.to dramatize a stated fact

解析：C.to reveal an undesirable consequence. 她雇了一个律师去调查，结果却发现加布里埃尔把她的名字从契约中删除了。考点分析，only to“不料竟会…没想到会…”不定式表结果时,常指出人意料的结果。拓展句型，The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only to find the speaker gone. 校长匆匆来到音乐大厅，结果发现演讲者早已走了。

19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?

A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.

B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.

C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.

D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.

解析：B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him. 吉姆转身跟站在他后面的那个人说话。behind“在身后，背后，…的背面”站在身后的人，无隐含意义。A.“我想知道改变计划的原因”，behind为“作为...的原因”等用于responsible for，如what’s behind his actions? 他行动的动机是什么？

C. “这项工作昨天应该已经完成了。我越来越落后了”, behind为“落后于”，如We're behind schedule (= late) .我们的工作进度落后了。

D.“我认为我很幸运因为我的父母一直支持我”，behind为“支持，赞成”。

20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.

A.a hypothesis

B. a suggestion

C. a contradiction

D. a surprise

解析：A.a hypothesis.一种假设。我母亲决心帮助那些有需要的人，她会为过去20年所取得的成就感到无比自豪。

21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to _____ , their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.

1.justice B. testimony C. trial D. verdict

解析：C.trial.当参与殴打国王的警官第一次被带到庭审时，他们的律师用录像带作为反对控方的证据。考点分析，词汇辨析，trial n.(Law)审讯，审理，审判；justice n. 司法；testimony n. 证词 ~ to give testimony作证；verdict （Law)陪审团的裁决 ~a verdict of guilty or not guilty有罪或无罪的裁决 ~to arrive at /reach /return a verdict作出裁决；

22._____ , the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.

1.Questionably B. Arguably C. Contentiously D. Debatably

解析：可以说，作为竞选活动中最有争议的候选人，他对女性的粗鲁评论受到了强烈批评。考点分析，词汇辨析 arguably adv. 可论证地→arguable adj. 可论证的，有依据的（16题曾出现）→ argue v.争论，辩论→argument n.争论，辩论→argumentative adj.好争论的；questionable adj./adv. 可质疑的/可质疑地；contentiously adv. 有异议地→ contentious adj.有争议的，好争论的;debate n./vt./ vi.争论；辩论→debatable adj.有争议的;

23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.

1.cut B. buoy C. offer D. offset

解析：近日，物价上涨以抵消原材料成本的上涨。考点分析，词汇辨析offset vt. 抵消 ~to offset sth against sth n.抵消~as an offset to sth作为对某事物的补偿；buoy vt.使漂浮，使振作，使上涨~ buoy up;raw material 原材料；抵消：不同事物的作用或性质因相反而相互消除。抵销：以等价实物、债权等冲抵勾销欠账。

24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”

1.recommendation B. recording C. recollection D. recognition

解析：这位名人在法庭上说，她“不记得授权任何人离婚。”考点分析，词汇辨析recollection n. 记忆力~has no recollection of 不记得；recommendation n. 推荐，建议~ on the recommendation of …经...推荐~to speak in recommendation of sb/sth口头推荐某人某事

~to make a recommendation 提出建议；recognition n.认出，认识，

25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.

1.consists B. constitutes C. composes D. constructs

26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.

1.final B. further C. supplementary D. extra

解析：D.extra.由于其独特的发展计划，学校正在为创造下一代体育明星而迈出一大步(更进

一步努力）。go the extra mile “做比期望的多得多的努力;做更多,取得更大的成就”拓展句型，The President is determined 'to go the extra mile for peace’。总统决心“为实现和平而

加倍努力”。

27. The teachers’ union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.

1.fired B. filed C. fined D. filled

解析：B.filed.教师工会对该地区提起诉讼，要求修复“糟糕”的学校条件。词汇辨析， file (Law) 提起诉讼 ~ to file a lawsuit (against sb)；teacher’s union教师工会；deplorable adj.

糟糕透的（living condition，state）~ in a deplorable condition在糟糕透顶的条件下

28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.

1.debris B. ruins C. remains D. wreck

解析：D. 去年三月，一艘十九世纪货船的残骸被水下考古队发现。词汇辨析，wreck n.(轮船、汽车、飞机或房屋失事后的) 残骸 ; ruins n.废墟；debris n. （被毁物的）残骸;碎片;垃圾(Debris is pieces from something that has been destroyed or pieces of rubbish or unwanted material that are spread around.);remains n. 残留物，遗迹，遗骸；cargo ship货船；archaeological 考古学的

29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.

1.countless B. countable C. numerical D. numeral

解析：A.从红毯到电影首映，她把她的设计带到了各种场合。词汇辨析，countless adj.无数的；countable adj.可数的；numerical adj.数字的；numeral n.数字；premiere n./vt.首映

30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.

1.oceangoing B. oceanic C. marine D. maritime

解析：D.一家一流的海事情报和运营公司已经公布了它对全球报告的海盗和针对海员的犯罪

事件的分析。词汇辨析，leading 主要的，一流的；intelligence智力，情报，情报机构；operation company运营公司；piracy海盗行为→pirate（旧时）海盗；mariner 水手；海员；oceangoing adj.远航的~oceangoing voyage远航; marine重点表达具体职业的概念比如海员、航海人员，而maritime重点表现在职业范围，比如海运业、海事业；oceanic一般指海产品

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