英语语言学练习题含答案
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.
6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.
7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.
9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology.
10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.
11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.
12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies
meaning not in isolation, but in context.
14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.
15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.
17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.
19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not t he written language.
20. The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:
21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language.
22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concret
e use o
f the conventions and application of the rules.
23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language wh ich refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a
lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of me aningful units.
24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for hu man communication.
25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of w ords into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.
26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the deta ils of language have to be taught and learned.
27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settleme nt of some practical problems. The study of such applications is gene rally known as a________ linguistics.
29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construc tion and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, th ey can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentenc es which they have never heard before.
30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of languag e.
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people a
ctually use, it is said to be _______.
A. prescriptive
B. analytic
C. descriptive
D. linguistic
32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language ?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.
A. primary
B. correct
C. secondary
D. stable
34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires h is mother tongue
D. All of the above
35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky lo oks at language from a ________ point of view.
A. sociological…psychological
B. psychologica l…sociological
C. applied…pragmatic
D.semantic…linguistic
37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community. A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne ction between _______ and meanings.
A. sense
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the im mediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,
A. displacement
B. duality
C. flexibility
D. cultural transmission
40. The details of any language system is passed on from one gener ation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.
A. learning
B. teaching
C. books
D. both A and B
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics
42. Phonology
43. Syntax
44. Pragmatics
45. Psycholinguistics
46. Language
47. Phonetics
48. Morphology
49. Semantics
50. Sociolinguistics
51. Applied Linguistics
52. Arbitrariness
53. Productivity
54. Displacement
55. Duality
56. Design Features
57. Competence
58. Performance
59. Langue
60. Parole
Suggested answers to supplementary exercises:
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T 10. F
11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. F
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:
21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
42. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n communication is called phonology.
43. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined t
o form sentences is called syntax.
44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called prag matics.
45. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholinguistics.
46. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm unication is called phonetics.
48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arran ged to form words is called morphology.
49. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.
50. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society i s called sociolinguistics.
51. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teach ing and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second langu ages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic finding s to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.
52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It mea
ns that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-
struction and interpretation of new signals by its users.
54. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined m atters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the i mmediate situations of the speaker
55. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.
56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of com munication
57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s kn owledge of the rules of his language,
58. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowle dge of the rules in linguistic communication.
59. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conven tions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is rel
英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1
1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6513275709.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6513275709.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6513275709.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6513275709.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
英语专业语言学考试试题
英语专业语言学考试试题 Information for the examinees: This examination consists of Four sections. They are: Section I: Content Awareness of the Course (30 points, 20 minutes) Section II: General Principles of Language and Linguistics (30 points, 25 minutes) Section III: Some Specific Aspects of Language and Linguistics (20 points, 35 minutes) Section IV: Analysis and Application (20 points, 40 minutes) The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours. You must write all your answers on the Answer Sheet. Section I: Content Awareness of the Course 30 points I. Choose the best answer to complete the following statements. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points, 1 point for each item) 1. "Historical linguistics" seeks to provide scientific evidence ( ) A. of the reasons for human speech B. of human habitation in Africa C. why there are many world languages D. concerning the origins of speech 2. Which of the following does NOT have something to do with the production of speech sounds? ( ) A. Organic analysis B. Linguistic analysis C. Acoustic analysis D. Phonetic analysis 3. In determining the symbolic nature of language humans( ) A. examine Braille and signs B. examine the media and signs C. examine the language of the media D. examine the language itself 4. The aims of Unit 4 are to understand that language functions in the world ( ) A. through the use of naming devices and education B. by people experiencing abstractions in education C. based on experience, abstraction and symbolism D. through symbolic and abstract experiences 5. The aim of Unit 5 is for students to understand that speech acts( ) A. need to be defined precisely through oral actions B. need to be terminated under appropriate circumstances C. need to be defined, analysed and comprehended D. need to be analysed by definition and example: 6. Generally speaking, 脸and 面子is: ( ) A. more important for teenage girls than boys B. something teenagers don"t worry about C. not the same for adults as for teenagers
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.docx
英语语言学 一、名词解释 第一课 l.Synchronic 共时性：Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “poinL in timeA A kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind? 2>Langue 语言：The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community? 3>Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. ^Arbitrariness 任意性：One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 1.Phoneme 音位：Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning? The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 2
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的 第一部分选择题 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2） 五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分) 36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.
37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age 英语语言学试题（3） Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%) 41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related. 英语语言学试题（5） 五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)
英语语言学试题
英语语言学试题（9） 语言学试题及参考答案 I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________. A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates 5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers". A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity
英语语言学试题库
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6513275709.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
- 英语语言学试卷精粹10套题资料1资料全
- 英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)
- 新编简明英语语言学试卷精粹(10套卷)
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 英语语言学试题-
- 戴炜栋英语语言学试卷精粹
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)
- 英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
- 英语语言学试卷精粹与答案10套题
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 《英语语言学概论》期末考试doc
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 最新英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)解析
- 英语语言学试卷
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
- 英语语言学试卷精粹及答案
- 英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)[1]