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专升本英语动名词

动名词

(一)动名词的形式

1.doing (动名词主动、一般式)；having done (动名词主动、完成式)

2.being done (动名词被动、一般式) having been done (动名词被动、完成式) 区别：

1）时态：动名词的一般时表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时进行的动作；

动名词的完成时表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作

注：动名词的一般式也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。

He likes swimming.

He regrets having wasted a lot of time.

He regrets wasting a lot of time.

2) 语态：动名词和其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，表示主动的意义，用动名词的主动形式。

动名词和其逻辑主语构成动宾关系，表示被动的意义，用动名词的被动形式。

If we don’t start out now, we must risk missing the train.

I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

(二)动名词可以充当的句子成分

1. 动名词作主语

1）动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数）

Seeing is believing.

2）常用于下面句型

It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ + doing

There is no use/ no good // point + doing

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

2. 动名词作宾语(重要考点）

考察角度一：那些词或短语后需要跟动名词做宾语，不能跟不定式：

1）下列动词后只能接动名词：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, imagine, finish, keep, mind, practice, resist; risk, suggest,

2)下列短语中to是介词，后加名词或动名词做宾语：attach importance to, be

used to, devote…to…,in addition to, lead to, look forward to, object to, be opposed to, prefer…to…, stick to, take to, thanks to, the way// approach// solution// key// answer// access to…

3) 下列结构需要用动名词做宾语：have difficulty// trouble// problem// a hard

time (in) doing sth.; have fun // pleasure//a good time (in) doing sth.; be worth doing ; be busy doing.

考察角度二：动名词的主动形式表被动的意义

Deserve, need, require, want后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动的意义，等于不定式的被动形式。

The house needs repairing.= The house needs to be repaired.

考察角度二：有些动词既可以跟动名词做宾语，也可以加不定式做宾语，但意义不同: forget// remember; mean; regret; stop; try; go on.

补充：what about// how about + N.// doing

What about having a break?

3. 动名词作表语

动名词作表语起名词作用,表示主语的内容，这时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。

Her job is looking after the patients

4. 动名词作定语

动名词作定语时, 表示名词的用途。

a racing car= a car that is used to race

a swimming pool= a pool that is used to swim in

a walking stick= a stick that is used for walking

（三）动名词的否定

否定动名词，直接在动名词前加not，如果动名词前有逻辑主语，否定词not应置于逻辑主语之后，动名词之前。

He apologized for not having kept his promise. 他因没遵守诺言而表示歉意。

He doesn’t like not being taken seriously. 他不喜欢被人不严肃对待。

I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。

【历年真题】

1）(2004) I am considering ____ to the Yellow River. Do you consider it a good idea ___ there?

A. going; to go

B. to go; to go

C. going ; going

D. to go; going

2) (2004) I’d appreciate ___ these letters.

A. you to mail

B. you mail

C. your mailing

D. you would mail

3) (2008) The young man still denies ____ the fire behind the store.

A. to start

B. to starting

C. having started

D. having been started

4. (2005) My sister is used to _____with all the windows open.

A. sleep

B. have slept

C. sleeping

D. slept

5) (2007) Those who felt like _____ the story again came over and added themselves to the audience.

A. hearing

B. to hear

C. to be heard

D. being heard

6) (2005) The house needs ______, but they plan to wait until next spring to do it.

A. paint

B. to paint

C. painting

D. be painted

7) (2005) I regret ____ you that you are to be dismissed from next week.

A. to inform

B. informing

C. being informed

D. to be informed

8) (2011年）If you stick ____ the piano every day, you will become a quite good musician.

A.to practice

B. practicing

C. to have practiced

D. to practicing

9) (2011)The alarm didn’t ring this morning. You ___ it last night.

A. need to have forgotten to wind

B. may have forgotten winding

C. ought to have forgotten to wind

D. must have forgotten to wind

10) (2012) I appreciate _____ to your home.

A. to have invited

B. to be invited

C. having invited

D. being invited

11) (2013) You ____ that office building after dark.

A. have no business for entrance

B. have no business entering

C. have not the business to enter

D. do not have business to entering

专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型

初中英语语法：动名词的否定式

初中英语语法：动名词的否定式一、动名词一般式的否定式动名词一般式的否定式是将直接否定词not置于动名词之前。如： Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不准时使人觉得他不可靠。 Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life. 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。 He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。 Our problem is not having sufficient raw material. 我们的问题是原料不足。二、动名词完成式的否定式若动名词为完成式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如： Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 我没给你写信请别生我的气。 Excuse me not having answered your letter before. 没有更早回信请原谅。 I apologize for not having kept my promise. 我没遵守诺言向你表示歉意。三、动名词被动式的否定式若动名词为被动式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如：

He doesn’t like not being taken seriously. 他不喜欢被人不严肃对待。 As far as he’s concerned, it’s not doing something wrong that matters, but not being caught doing something wrong, 就他而论，重要的不是做错事，而是做错事不被抓住。四、动名词带逻辑主语时的的否定式若动名词带有逻辑主语，则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后。如： I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。 I never dreamt of its hurting you. 我没想它会伤你的心。 I depend on your coming at seven o’clock. 我指靠你七点钟来。 They won’t hear of you (r) going. 他们不会同意你去。 They’re looking forward to Mary’s coming. 他们盼望玛丽来。 I understand your not wanting to discuss the matter. 我理解你为什么不愿讨论这件事。 The trouble was their not being able to agree among themselves. 麻烦的是他们自己不能取得一致的意见。 Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。

高考英语专题之动名词

动名词语法图解探究发现 ①Playing with fire is dangerous. ②It is no good learning a theory without practice. ③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking a t. ④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products. ⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. ⑥His hobby is watching football games. ⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ... [我的发现] (1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。 (2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。 (3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。一、动名词的定义动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具有名词和动词的特征。二、动名词的基本形式动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn 为例列表如下：主动语态被动语态一般式learning being learned 完成式having learned having been learned 1.动名词的一般式。结构：主动用doing；被动用being done 动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。 Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间) I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere. 我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前) Doctors advise giving up smoking. 医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后) 2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

初中英语语法动词时态

初中英语语法总结 ( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)

语法七大语法考试重点一独立主格（一）：独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。（二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

【精品】初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)

初中英语语法八大时态一．一般现在时 1.结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句

专升本英语词汇和语法

1. _______ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA. A. Although B. Since C. As D. When 【翻译】虽然这个男孩是在北京出生的，但却是在美国长大的。［考点］状语从句【精析】 A 分析句意可知，本句应为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，即使”的意思。因为主从句主语和谓语一致，所以从句中although后省略了“the boy was”。although与but不能同时出现。since和as均引导原因状语从句，as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需用倒装形式；when引导时间状语从句。 2. _______ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What B. That C. As D. Which 【翻译】众所周知，欲速则不达。［考点］词语搭配【精析】 C 常用搭配“As is known to all”意思“众所周知”，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代逗号后面的整个主句，并在从句中充当主语。如：As is known to all, war is serious.众所周知，战争是残酷的。 3. That is the very old woman _______ house was burned down last night. A. which B. her C. of whom D. whose 【翻译】这正是那位老妇人，她的房子昨晚被烧掉了。［考点］定语从句【精析】 D whose为关系代词，指人，是先行词old woman的所有格，在从句中充当house的定语。 4. Hardly had he finished his speech _______ the audience started cheering. A. than B. then C. when D. as soon as 【翻译】他刚一演讲完，观众就开始欢呼。［考点］词语搭配【精析】 C 固定搭配“Hardly...when...”表示“一……就……”，另有“no sooner...than”和“Scarcely...when”均表示相同的意思。 5. _______ the book, he found out some answers to this question. A. As he reading B. At his reading C. As reading D. On reading 【翻译】刚读这本书，他就发现了这个问题的答案。［考点］词语搭配【精析】 D on doing意为“一……就……”。此处的on相当于as soon as,引导状语从句。表示从句中的动作的时间比主句中动作的时间稍提前一点。 6. The spacecraft will send back _______ on surface winds and temperatures. A. many new information B. some new information C. a new information D. a few new information 【翻译】太空飞船将会发送一些新的关于表面风和温度的信息。［考点］词语搭配

专升本英语语法

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