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高中英语句子成分分析讲解+即时练习巩固

高中英语句子成分分析讲解+即时练习巩固
高中英语句子成分分析讲解+即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分

英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)

除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号

英语中划句子成分的符号

主语在下面划一直线

谓语在下面划曲线

宾语在下面划双横线

定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一

排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短

木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)

补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是

为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置

基本相同

考点2.主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构:

1.名词

2.代词

3.数词

4.名词化的形容词(如the rich)

5.不定式

6.动名词

7.主语从句等表示。

练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当

1.During the 1990s, American country music has

become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not

been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn?t at home is not true

练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因

1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped

out.

2.That why he was late for school was that his mother

was ill.

3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.

5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.

6.Give up English is not an option.

考点3.谓语

谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

He practices running every morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

2、复合谓语:

(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caugh t a bad cold.

My sister is crying over there.

I have been waiting for you all the time.

I would stay at home all day.

(2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如:

We are students.

Your idea sounds great.

考点4.表语

表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.

2.Is it yours?

3.The weather has turned cold.

4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty one.

6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football.

8.The machine must be under repairs.

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

考点5.宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。

练习4.划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。

1.They planed many trees yesterday.

2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.

3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

4.I wanted to buy a car.

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.

6.I think(that)he is fit for his office.

考点6.宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

练习5.用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。

1.His father named him Dongming.

2.They painted their boat white.

3.Let the fresh air in.

4.You mustn?t force him to le nd his money to you.

5.We saw her entering the room.

6.We found everything in the lab in good order.

7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.

8.I want your homework done on time.

考点7.主补

对主语的补充。(含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

考点8.定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“…的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

在英语中,许多情况下,定语是放在所修饰词后面的,这点与汉语习惯不同,也是许多同学不能读懂

长句的主要原因。

①副词用作定语一般要后置。

People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)

He didn?t like the man downstairs. (楼下的那个

人)

②形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后

单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前,而形

容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后

The next man is a scientist.

The man next to me is a scientist.

(我旁边的那个人)

③介词短语作定语时要后置

The boy under the tree is Tom.(树下的那个男孩)The tallest boy in our class is John.(我们班最高的

那个男孩)

④现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式做定

语常后置

I have something to say. (直译:我有要说的话)

The boy crying over there is my classmate.(在那边

哭的那个男孩)

The house built last year is impressive.(去年建的

那座房子)

练习6.口头翻译下列句子,用下划线标出定语部分,留意定语的位置,并说明定语是什么词性或结构充当。

1.The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.

3.We need a place twice larger than this one.

4.She carried a basket full of eggs.

5.It?s a book worth no more than one dollar.

6.It?s a city far from the coast.

7.He has money enough to buy a car.

8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

9.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing

in our city.

10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on

meat.

11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you

12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the

way back home

13.There are many clothes to be washed.

14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from

America.

15.Then the great day came when he was to march past

the palace in the team.

写作专练1.用活形容词短语做后置定语:(P10)

比昂英语(原远航英语)系列丛书之《高中英语语法通霸 2012版》(适合2013高考)

考点9.状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(写地认真,走地慢,修饰动词用副词,作状语) This material is environmentally friendly.

(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)

He runs very slowly.

(修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词,做状语)Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.

(修饰整个句子用副词,做状语)

1.几个并列状语的先后顺序:方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。

如:He worked hard at his lessons last year.

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.

写作专练2.正确安排并列状语的顺序(P10)

2.频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never

等在句中的位置

位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.

He is often late.

He is always helping others.

He often came late.

写作专练3.注意频度副词的位置(P10)

3.状语按意义分类

在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不是,那很可能就是状语了。因此,状语的种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步

练习7.指出下列划线部分属于什么状语

1.How about meeting again at six?

2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b13367821.html,st night she didn?t go to the dance party because

of the rain.

4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work

harder.

7.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

interested in business.

8.The boy needs a pen very much.

9.The boy really needs a pen.

10.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

11.She works very hard though she is old.

12.I am taller than he is.

13.I shall go there if it doesn?t rain.

14.On Sundays, there is no student in the

classroom.

15.Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a

pen.

考点10.同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批…学生?)

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的…我们?)

It?s good to us students.

练习8.选择正确答案,并口头说出句中那个是同位语

1.The young man, ___ ,works in the office.

A. me brother

B. my brother

C. my brothers

D. me

2.Our English teacher, ___ , often helps us with study.

A. Mrs. Wang

B. Mrs. Wangs

C. Mrs. Wang's .

D. of him

3.___, some railway workers, are busy repairing the

train.

A. Them

B. He

C. They

D. Theirs

第2讲简单句的五种基本结构

如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可作连系动词,又可以作实义动词。如

何来辨别呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词

be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系

动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。如:

①She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后,她是美丽

的,句意没有大的变化,looks是系动词)。

Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, look为实义

动词。)

②He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的

意思,不能换为was, 是实义动词)。

The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软,feels

换为is之后,句意变化不大,因此是系动词。)

练习2.辨别下列粗体动词是系动词还是实义动词

1.The door stays open at night.

2.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.

3.The book still lies open on the desk.

4.What he said proved true..

5.He can?t proved his theory(理论).

常见的系动词

①状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

②持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要

有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。

This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

The food stays fresh in the fridge.

食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。

The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。

He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上,醒着。

③表“像”系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,

appear, look, 例如:

Something seems wrong. 好像出差了。

He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。

④感官系动词

感官系动词主要有look看起来,feel摸起来, smell

闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

⑤变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主

要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.

她没多长时间就富了。

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。

Eggs go bad easily in spring.鸡蛋夏天容易变坏。

His face went red.他的脸变红了。

What he had dreamt of came true.

他的梦想实现了。

Still waters run deep.静水流深。

⑥终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表

达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success.

他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.

他预言的结果是错的。

练习3.用下划线划出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o?clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.What you said sounds great.

III.系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语He is a student. (SVP)

Your idea sounds great. (SVP)

IV.在一个英语单句中,一般情况要有谓语动词。

要注意:介词短语和形容词不能单独做谓语,要和系动词一起做谓语。

改错:

①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.

②Your book on the desk.

答案及解析:

Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much.(句中没有谓语动词)

Your book is on the desk.(句中没有谓语动词)

写作专练4.不要忘了使用系动词(P10)

考点3.基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词,动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如,She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

练习4.用下划线划出下列句中的宾语。

1.People all over the world speak English.

2.Jim cannot dress himself.

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

4.He did not know what to say.

5.He just wanted to stay at home.

6.He practices speaking English every day.

考点4.基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass 递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO)

强调间接宾语顺序为:

动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。

如:Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please。)

常跟双宾语的及物动词有:

(需借助to的)allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell,wish, write等

(需借助for 的)buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等

『一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的三个就行:get, buy, make』

He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.

= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.

She bought John a book.= She bought a book for John.

练习5.分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3. He brought you a dictionary.

4. He denies her nothing.

5. I showed him my pictures.

6. I gave my car a wash.

7. I told him that the bus was late.

8. He showed me how to run the machine.

写作专练5.用活双宾语句式(P10)

考点5.基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。

宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

The war made him a soldier.(SVOC他成为一个士兵,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)

New methods make the job easy. (SVOC)

I often find him at work. (SVOC)

The teacher asked the students to close the windows.

(SVOC)

I saw a cat running across the road.

练习6.分析下列句子划分成分,在后面括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语

1. They appointed him manager. ()

2. They painted the door green. ()

3. He pushed the door open. ()

4. They found the house deserted. ()

5. What makes him think so? ()

6. We saw him out. ()

7. He asked me to come back soon. ()

8. I saw them getting on the bus. ()

9. We all think it a pity that she didn?t come here.

()

10. I?ll have my bike repaired. ()

11. We elected him monitor. ()

12. Don?t keep the lights burning. ()

考点6.there be 句型

此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成,用以表达某地存在有,它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际意义。

1.be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致,有时态和数

的变化。

现在时there is / are …

过去时there was / were…

将来时there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 完成时there has / have been…

可能有there might be...

肯定有there must be …/ there must have been...

过去曾经有there used to be …

似乎有the re seems / seem / seemed to be …

碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be …

2.可用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,

arrive,等词代替be动词。

此时还表示存在有,但表意要更具体一些。

Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

There came a shout for "help".

There exists no air on the moon.

There lies a book on the desk.

There stands a tree on the hill.

1. a certain doubt among the students as to

the necessity of the work.

A. It existed

B. There existed

C. They had

D. There had

2.___ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at

B. There stands; under

C. Stands there; under

D. There stands; at

答案:B, D

3.there be 与have 的区别

there be … 某地有某物,某时有某事;

have 表示某人拥有某物。

改错:

1.There has a book on the desk.

2.There will have a meeting this evening.

答案:1.把has改为is; 2. 把have改为be。

提示:没有there have这种表示

“有”的方法。

写作专练6.正确运用两个“有”there be与have

(P11 )

第3讲简单句、并列句和复合句

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点1.简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

(划线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。)

考点2.并列句(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

①表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but

also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

The teacher?s name is Smith, and the student?s name is John.

He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.

②表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…,

otherwise等。

Hurry up, or you?ll miss the train.

③表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet,

while, when等。

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

④表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

考点3.复合句

复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构,其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。(而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系,而不是从属关系)。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。

1.It is wrong. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)

What he said is wrong.

(what he said,是一个主谓结构,he为主语,said 为谓语,what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语,is wrong 系表结构作谓语。因此,本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语)。

2.The boy over there is my brother. (只有一个主谓

结构,是简单句)

The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.

(The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构,作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。)

3.I was doing my homework at six. (只有一个主谓

结构,是简单句)

I was doing my homework when he came in.

(I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构,he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。

练习7.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.We often study Chinese history on Friday

afternoon.

2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn?t there?

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in

the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8.What he said at the mee ting is very important, isn?t

it?

9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm

helping my Dad on the farm.

12.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every

day I work from dawn until dark.

13.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the

lights of our tractors.

14.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the

north where it is colder they grow wheat

15.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two

men working for him.

考点4.两个主谓结构时,要用连接词,变为并列句或复合句,或把逗号改为分号

一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么是复合句。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这是,我们有四种方法来改正这个错句:

1. 用and, so, but,等并列连词来构成并列句;

2. 把逗号改为分号;

3. 改为复合句;

4. 把一个主谓结构的谓语变成非谓语或去掉be,从而变成独立主格结构。(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

I like English, my English is very good.×

I like English and my English is very good.√(并列句)As I like English, my English is very good. √(含有原因状语从句的复合句)

I like English; my English is good. √(用分号)

I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分句改为独立主格结构)

I have a house, its windows are very big. ×

I have a house and its windows are very big. √(并列句)

I have a house, whose windows are very big. √(含有定语从句的复合句)

I have a house; its windows are big. √(用分号)

I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主格结构)

练习8.利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题:

1.Five people won the "China's green figure” award, a

title __ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

A. is given

B. was given

C. being given

D. given

2.All the preparations for the task_____, and we're

ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

3.【2006辽宁】I was told that there were about 50

foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany.

A. study; of whom

B. study; of them

C. studying; of them

D. studying; of whom

4.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress,

____ with smiles.

A. their faces are shining

B. whose faces shining

C. their faces shining

5.Many students _____ around, I explained the story

into details.

A. stood

B. standing

C. to stand

D. were standing

6.I have five friends, some of ____ are businessmen.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

7.I have five friends, but none of___ are businessmen.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. them

第二部分专题过关测试

1.改正下列句子的改错。

①Do exercise everyday is good for your health.

②That what he said isn?t true.

③He came late made his teacher angry.

④On the desk is two books.

⑤Go to a key college is my dream.

2.用划出下列句中的后置定语,并指出是什么词性或结构充当的

①There is nothing to do today.

②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.

③There are five boys left.

④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.

⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.

⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.

⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.

⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

⑩There is only one program worth watching today.

3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。

①I will bring you the book when I come next time.

②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.

③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

④She showed us many of her pictures.

⑤Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

4.分析下列句子成分,体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系,并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。

①She found it difficult to do the work.

②They made him monitor of the class.

③They pushed the door open.

④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.

⑤The old man asked us to sit down.

⑥He noticed a man enter the room.

⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood.

⑧We want these trees planted soon.

⑨I?ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.

5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。

①The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

②She made it her duty to look after all the other people?s affairs in that town.

③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

④He made it known to his friends th at he didn?t want to enter politics.

⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.

第三部分写作能力提升

写作专练1.正确运用主语的各种形式(参看P1考点2 )

1.在我看来,早睡早起对我们的健康有好处。(in my opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our

health.)

2.被一所重点大学录取是我的梦想。(be admitted by a key college, my dream)

3.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。(fail the exam, make, upset)

4.在那两座高楼之间,矗立着我们教学楼。(between the two tall buildings, stand, teaching building)

5.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。(what we are learning now, be of great help to,

our life and work, in the future)

写作专练2.用活形容词短语做后置定语(参看P2考点8 )

1.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗?(know, next to)

2.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。(send…to, nearest to, as soon as possible)

3.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。(dining hall, large enough, hold)

写作专练3.正确安排并列状语的顺序(参看P3 1 )

1.那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。(do his homework, in the classroom, carefully, at the moment)

2.我们上周日在我们校园内载了很多树。(plant lots of trees, in the schoolyard)

3.他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。(perform incredibly well, speech contest)

写作专练4.注意频度副词的位置(参看P3 2 )

1.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。(will, forget, what he told me, never)

2.我经常去那家超市。(frequently, the supermarket)

3.他总是帮助别人。(help others, always)

4.我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。(treat an old man like that)

5.活到老,学到老。(never, too old to learn)

写作专练5.不要忘了使用系动词(参看P5 IV )

1.那食物很可口,我吃了很多。(the food, delicious)

2.那个电影好极了。(the movie, fantastic)

3.不过呢,一些人反对这个计划。(however, against, the plan)

4.他们的意见如下。(their opinion, as follows)

5.就我而言,我赞成这个主意。(as far as I?m concerned, in favor of)

写作专练6.用活双宾语句式(参看P5考点4 )

用两种方法翻译下列句子:

1.他给我提供一些建议。(offer, some advice)

2.我欠他很多钱。(owe)

3.在我生日那天,母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。(buy, a special gift)

4.他给我做了一个纸飞机。(make, paper plane)

5.他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。(read, an interesting story)

6.他的叔叔留给他很多钱。(leave, a lot of money)

7.他让我们看了一张世界地图。(show)

8.请把熊猫的照片寄给我一张。(send, a photo of the panda)

写作专练7.正确运用两个“有”there be与have

1.我有许多好朋友。

2.今天晚上将有一场电影。

3.公园内有许多人。

4.树上有许多小鸟。

5.一条狗有四条腿和一个尾巴。

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V (主+谓) 二:S V P (主+系+表) 三:S V O (主+谓+宾) 四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S V(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一 排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短 木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词(如the rich) 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. (2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

高中英语句子成分分析_直接打印版

句子成分及基本句型(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

英语句子成分分析及练习

英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版此讲义为leon老师辛苦成果要的是真“功夫”——句子成分的分析 谓句子的成分主要有:这一节我们专门侃侃句子成分的分析,主语、语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语,其中,主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干,定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”) 定语,即起到修饰限定作用的成分,主要是来修饰限定名词或代词的, (一只黑色的豿)a black dog )不是两只、都是定语,来修饰限定dog.,是一只(aa和 black )不是白色的、黄色的等等black三只,是黑色 ( )the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书 )上的那on the desk book介词短语在这里是作定语修饰,课桌上(本书,不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有:形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词(比的)数词。其中,形book是来作定语来修饰his 中his book 如:形容词作定语一容词、介词短语作定语最常见,而且要注意其位置,般在修饰词之前(前置定语),介词短语一般在修饰词之后(后置定语)。

在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1)是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的,一般来讲,定语是来修饰名词或代词的,状语是来修饰谓语动词的。 例如; I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然,是作定语的,因为如果是作状语的,那么就是来修饰动词like的,他在课桌上喜欢那本书,显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。 2)是状语还是宾语补足语有时区别是状语还是宾语补足语会有一定的困难,大家看下面的例子: I found a book on the desk. 大家可以试着分析分析这个句子,你会发现你把划线部分理解为句子的状语还是理解为宾语补足语都是讲的通滴,理解状语则为:我在课桌上发现了一本书。理解宾补则为:我发现一本书在桌子上。那到底是什么成分呢,要知道像这样的句子连语法学家整天都在争吵个不休,这个说是宾补,那个说是状语,所以遇到这种情况的话,就不要非的找出个结果来,不过这样的句子如果放到具体的上下文中,就只有一种理解了。 3)对于不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后带宾语的处理 在分析句子过程中,我们可能遇到这样的句子: I am looking for Jack. 上面这个句子我们把它分析为主谓合适呢,还是分析为主谓宾合适呢大家知道:look是个不及物动词,但是如果在它后面加上介词for就相当于及物动词了,所以说这个句型你可以把它看作主谓句型,也可以把它看作主谓宾句型 I am looking for Jack 状谓主 I am looking for Jack. 主谓 宾 也就是说以后在遇到类似的一个不及物动词加上介词或副词之后相当于及物动词的情况都这样处理,不过我建议大家按主谓宾来分析,这样分析更有实际价值,慢慢你就会明白的 4)对于形容词短语的处理 大家肯定会遇见这样的句子: He is angry with me 上面这个句子,一般是把它按主系表分析的 He is angry with me . 主系表 但我认为把它分析为主谓宾句型更有使用价值 He is angry with me 主谓宾 也就是说把be angry with 看作一整体作谓语,me 来作它的宾语,如果按主系

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There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

英语句子成分分析复习课程

英语句子成分分析

句子成分(Sentence Members) 句子成分和结构是英语的基础,是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。 1).The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 2).There is an old man coming here. 3).The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4).To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) 练一练:选出句中谓语的中心词。 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除

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如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.(他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

英语句子成分分析相关练习备课讲稿

英语句子成分分析相 关练习

英语句子成分分析相关练习 分析下列句子的句子结构 1. we are working.。 2. I can swim very well. 3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me. 4. Why does the wind blow? 5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day. 6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone. 8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow. 9. I have a lot of clothes to wash. 10. He gave his son some advice on reading. 11. Read me the first paragraph. 12. I’ve ordered some soup for you. 13. He began leaning English ten years ago. 14. My being late worried my teacher. 15. The president himself would visit our school. 16. April fool’ Day is the special day of the year 17. He usually takes a nap after lunch. 18. I got it back at once. 19. He finished lunch and went into the garden. 20. The telephone rang. 21. We study hard. 22. His father might have died.

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

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