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(完整版)定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别

(完整版)定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别
(完整版)定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析

众所周知,定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象:做题时,一遇到从句就往定语从句上想,尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型(主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句)也当作定语从句来理解,结果产生错误。因此,从某个方面来说,解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。

一、定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,形式上非常相似,尤其是由that引导时,最难区分。实际上,两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同,与先行词的关系不同。

1. 句法功能不同

定语从句相当于一个形容词,用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词(称为先行词)或整个句子;同位语从句则相当于一个名词,是先行词所述内容的展开,即说明先行词的具体内容。

定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分;而同位语从句中的引导词that(被称为连接代词)在从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分。

定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略,也不能被代替。

例1The news (that / which)we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。

例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。

点评:例1的中that从句是定语从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,用来限定the news,that在从句中作宾语,可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句,其作用相当于一个名词,本身就是the news的内容,that不能省略。

2. 与先行词关系不同

定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词,当that省略时,定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用,对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有:answer,belief,doubt,decision,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,promise,question,reason,story,suggestion,thought,truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子,常用that连接而不是用which 引导,that本身不充当句子成分,表示疑问意义的名词(如doubt,question等)后也可用whether,who,what等疑问词引导。

例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。

例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。

点评:例3中that / which引导的是定语从句,修饰fact,用以限定说明是哪个fact,that / which作told的宾语,可省略。例4中that引导的是同位语从句,用以说明fact的内容,that不充当句子成分,不可省略。

【甄别的方法】

同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的系表关系(即系动词与表语的关系),因此,可用“主+系+表”的结构来区别同位语从句和定语从句。

比如:将例2的从句与其修饰的名词用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则为:The news is that Mr Li will teach us English next semester,句意通顺,系表结构成立,故可判定其为同位语从句。若将例1的从句与其修饰的名词用“主+系+表”结构表示,句意不通顺,句子不成立,可判定其不是同位语从句。

二、定语从句与强调句型

当定语从句以It is / was... that... 形式出现时,极易与强调句型混淆。区分两者的关键在于正确判别it和that在句子中的作用。

1. 句法功能不同

在It is / was... that...的结构中,如从句为定语从句,则句首的it是指示代词,担任主句的主语,that担任从句的主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略;如为强调句型,则it和that都是引导词,本身无意义,that不充当句子成分,不能省略。

例5It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。

例6It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。

点评:例5中It为主句的主语,相当于a question;that引导的是定语从句,用来修饰先行词a question,that同时充当从句的主语,不能省略。例6中的It显然不能等同于novels,that不担任句子成分,但不能省略。

2. 涉及对象不同

定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或名词短语,而强调句型中被强调的部分可以是名词、副词、介词短语和从句。

例7This is the museum (that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观过的博物馆。

例8It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我们就是在这家博物馆里见到这幅名画的。

例9It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因为她病了,我们才决定返回。

点评:例7中的从句为定语从句,修饰、限定名词the museum。例8为强调句型,强调in this museum这一介词短语。例9为强调句型,强调because she was ill这个原因状语从句。

【甄别的方法】

在It is / was... that... 结构中区分强调句型和定语从句的方法如下:一是定语从句中的that充当句子成分,而强调句型中的that不充当句子成分。二是去掉It is / was和that并作适当调整后,强调句型的结构和意思仍然完整;而定语从句中的that充当主语,如果省略that的话,句子结构不再完整。

如例5,虽然去掉It is和that后句子仍然成立,但that充当从句的主语,

是不能省略的,故为定语从句。而例6中that不充当句子成分,去掉It is和that 并适当调整后,句子结构仍然完整,句意成立。

应当特别指出的是,当强调句型中含有定语从句时,更容易出错。我们可以通过分析that或who在从句中的作用,以及从句的句意来区分强调句型和定语从句。

例10It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.他们是在Smith先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。

点评:例10中的前一个that在从句中作主语,不能省略,可用which替换,因此可判定为定语从句,限定其前的名词the lab。而后一个that不担任句子成分,但不可省略,由此可见是强调句型,强调实验是在这个实验室完成的。

三、定语从句与状语从句

状语从句中,容易与定语从句相混淆的是where引导的地点状语从句、when 引导的时间状语从句和that引导的结果状语从句。

1. 有无先行词不同

当where,when引导定语从句时,其前必定有一个地点名词或时间名词。但当where,when引导地点状语和时间状语从句时,则会有两种情况:一种情况是从句前没有名词,另一种是从句前有名词,但从句并不修饰该名词。

例11 Bamboo grows well at the places where there is plenty of rain.

例12Bamboo grows well where there is plenty of rain.

点评:这两个句子均可译为“竹子在雨水充沛的地方长得好”。例11中where前有表地点的名词places,故为定语从句。例12中的where前则没有表示地点的名词,根据句意,应为地点状语从句。

例13I will always remember the days when I lived with my grandparents in the country.

例14I always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents.

点评:例13意为“我会永远记得跟我祖父母一起住在乡下的那些日子”,其中when 引导的是一个定语从句, 修饰the days, when在从句中作时间状语。例14意为“当我看到祖父母的照片时,总是会想起在乡下的那些日子”,其中when 引导的从句并不修饰前面的名词the country,因此可判定为时间状语从句。

2. 引导词不同

当定语从句的先行词前面有so / such修饰时,常用as替代that / which作引导词,在从句中担任一定的句子成分,一般不省略。当状语从句中含有so / such... that结构时,that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,不担任句子成分。

例15This is such an interesting book as all of us want to read.这样一本有趣的书,我们大家都想读一读。

例16This is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.这本书是如此有趣,以至于我们大家都想读一读。

点评:例15为定语从句,其中的关系代词as指代先行词book,在定语从句中作及物动词read的宾语,但不能省略(这与that / which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略的情况不同)。例16中that引导的是结果状语从句,that在从句中

不担任成分,因此从句中仍然保留了宾语it。

【甄别的方法】

当where, when引导定语从句时,一般可被“介词+ which”替换。如例11中where可用at which 代替,即从句可改为...at which there is plenty of rain;例13中的when可用in which替代,即从句可改为...in which I lived with my grandparents in the country.

当where, when引导状语从句时,由于没有先行词,因而不能用“介词+which”来替换。如例12中的where不能用“介词+ which”替代;例14中从句前有名词,但根据句意可知并不是从句所修饰的对象,也不能用“介词+ which”来替代。

例15和例16中as和that引导的从句均出现在名词后,极易混淆。区别的关键在于as为关系代词,在从句中担任句子成分,而that为从属连词,在从句中不担任句子成分。如例15中as作read的宾语,因此read后不再有别的宾语出现;例16中that不担任句子成分,而从句谓语read是及物动词,就必须要有宾语it。这是同学们最容易忽略的地方,答题时一定要注意这一点。

名词性从句强调句与定语从句综合练习

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从句归纳区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

从句小结 从句总述: 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。 一:时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。 语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二:连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句: He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句: Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句: He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析

学法导航 定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 安丘一中高二英语组李建文 众所周知,定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象:做题时,一遇到从句就往定语从句上想,尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型(主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句)也当作定语从句来理解,结果产生错误。因此,从某个方面来说,解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,形式上非常相似,尤其是由that引导时,最难区分。实际上,两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同,与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词,用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词(称为先行词)或整个句子;同位语从句则相当于一个名词,是先行词所述内容的展开,即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分;而同位语从句中的引导词that(被称为连接代词)在从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略,也不能被代替。 例1The news (that / which) we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评:例1的中that从句是定语从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,用来限定the news,that在从句中作宾语,可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句,其作用相当于一个名词,本身就是the news的内容,that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词,当that省略时,定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用,对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有:answer, belief, doubt, decision,explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility,problem, promise, question, reason, story, suggestion, thought, truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子,常用that连接而不是用which 引导,that本身不充当句子成分,表示疑问意义的名词(如doubt, question等)后也可用whether, who, what 等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。 点评:例3中that / which引导的是定语从句,修饰fact,用以限定说明是哪个fact,

初中定语从句和宾语从句

定语从句 定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) · 考点1:先行词是人时引导词的选用 (1). 先行词是人,引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that. 如: Here comes the man who (that)wants to see you. 想见你的那个人来了。 (先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that) (2). 先行词是人,引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that. 如: This is the person whom (who, that)you are looking for. 这正是你要找的人。 (先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that) ) 考点2:先行词是物时引导词的选用 (1).先行词是物时,一般情况下引导词可以用which或that. 如: Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。 (先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。 (先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that) ` (2).以下情况,引导词只能用that, 不能用which.

定语从句与强调句的区别

定语从句与强调句的区别 1. 强调句型中的it 属于引导词,本身没有意义。如果去掉is/was ... that结构,句子结构仍然完整,句意也完整。定语从句中的it 是指示代词,作主句的主语。 如果去掉it is/was ...that,句子结构不完整,意思也不完整。 It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。(定语从句) It is novels that she enjoys reading. 她喜欢阅读的是小说。(= She enjoys reading novels.)(强调句型) It was at the railway station that we first met 16 years ago. 是在火车站我们16 年前第一次相逢。(强调句型,强调地点状语at therailway station) It was the railway station where we first met 16 years ago. 这是我们16 年前第一次相逢的火车站。(定语从句,where 是关系副词,在定语从句中做地点状语) 2. 在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句;在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。 It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因为她生病了,我们才决定回来。(强调句型) Was it the place where the party was held? 这些是举行集会的那个地方吗?(定语从句) 3. 有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句,这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that 或who在句中的作用。 It was in the lab that was set up last year they finished the experiment. 他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。(that was set up last year是定语从句,that 在从句中作主语,并可被which 替换)It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in thecontest.是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。(who came from our school是定语从句。who 在从句中作主语。)

地点状语与定语从句的区别

where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别是什么? 最简单的办法是看where是否有指代先行词 应到定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看: 一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. This is the house where I lived two years ago. We will start at the point where we left off. 二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如: Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. I found my books where I had left them. 有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情况下, where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。例如: A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. (=A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. )在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。 Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. (=Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. )温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。

宾语从句和定语从句讲解

宾语从句和定语从句讲解 (一)that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有:say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree. 1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语 2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应 (a)当主句用一般现在时,从句要根据实际情况,选择时态 例如:I believe(that)you did your best for that. I believe(that)you will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态(过去时代包括,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时等过去时态) 例如:I hear he will come here later on . I heard he would come here later on. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态,但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述,从句依然用一般现在时态。 例如:My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别 定语从句在句中作主句的定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句 一,that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时,可以用that 来引导 如:Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat

定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 众所周知,定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象:做题时,一遇到从句就往定语从句上想,尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型(主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句)也当作定语从句来理解,结果产生错误。因此,从某个方面来说,解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,形式上非常相似,尤其是由that引导时,最难区分。实际上,两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同,与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词,用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词(称为先行词)或整个句子;同位语从句则相当于一个名词,是先行词所述内容的展开,即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分;而同位语从句中的引导词that(被称为连接代词)在从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略,也不能被代替。 例1The news (that / which)we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评:例1的中that从句是定语从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,用来限定the news,that在从句中作宾语,可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句,其作用相当于一个名词,本身就是the news的内容,that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词,当that省略时,定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用,对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有:answer,belief,doubt,decision,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,promise,question,reason,story,suggestion,thought,truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子,常用that连接而不是用which 引导,that本身不充当句子成分,表示疑问意义的名词(如doubt,question等)后也可用whether,who,what等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。

(英语)英语强调句练习题及答案及解析

(英语)英语强调句练习题及答案及解析 一、初中英语强调句 1.______ he will return to his native land. A. It is long before that B. It will be long before that C. It won't be long before D. It is before long that 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:不就以后他就会回到他的祖国了。本题强调的是时间状语before long不久以后;强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分;其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。在考查的时候,经常会把强调句型和定语从句结合在一起考查,要注意分析句子的成分。故D正确。 【点评】考查强调句型,掌握其结构:it is/was…that/who…。 2.It's a long time ago ______ I saw you last time. A. when B. since C. for D. that 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:我上次见你是很久以前了。强调结构It is…that…,本句中it没有实际含义,和is,that构成框架,强调谓语以外的部分,去掉它们句子仍然成立。故选D。【点评】本题考查的是强调句型结构。强调句型是对句子的主语,宾语,状语等进行强调,(谓语除外),其基本结构是It is +被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他成分(强调主语若是人引导词可以用who/that,若是其他一律用that )。去掉这个框架结构句子仍然成立。 3.It's his brother ________ never been to Australia. You'd better take him with you. A. that is B. who is C. that have D. who has 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:是他的弟弟从没去过澳大利亚,你最好带他跟你去。have been to 去过……。强调句型是:It is+被强调部分+that(指人时用who)+句子的其他成分。此处强调句子的主语his brother,故谓语用has。因此选D。 【点评】考查强调句型。 4.She found her lost car._______ she had! A. What a good luck B. What good luck C. How good luck D. How good the luck 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意“她发现了她丢失的小汽车,她多么幸运啊。”此处为强调句典型句型,这种句型中what+名词,how+形容词\副词,luck此处表示名词单数“一次好运”,what a good luck=how lucky。故填A。

强调句与定语从句的区别

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