高考英语单项选择专题-并列句和状语从句

专题九并列句和状语从句

1．(高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.

A．even if B．if only

C．in case D．so that

解析：句意：他准备好了相机，以便他看到好的东西就随时拍下来。even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句；if only“如果……就好了”，引导虚拟条件句；so that 引导目的和结果状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选in case，意为“以防万一”。

答案：C

2．(高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

A．If B．As

C．Although D．Unless

解析：句意：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。if可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；as 可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前句“有规律的锻炼很重要”和后句“临睡前锻炼却不好”可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选C项，although 表示“虽然”，可引导让步状语从句；unless 表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。

答案：C

3．(高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.

A．whenever B．however

C．whichever D．wherever

解析：句意：请打电话让我的秘书安排一个会议，在今天下午或是任何你方便的时候。whenever无论何时；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever无论何地。此处or连接的是和this afternoon并列的两个时间状语(从句)，故只有A项正确。

答案：A

4．(高考陕西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

A．Since B．While

C．If D．As

解析：句意：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。since 因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。根据句意选while。

答案：B

5．(高考福建卷)It was April 29,________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A．that B．when

C．since D．before

解析：句意：4月29日，威廉王子与凯特·米德尔顿步入了婚礼殿堂。分析句子结构可知，April 29,为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。此题易误选A项that，认为这是强调句型“It's/was＋被强调部分＋that...”的应用。若选that 的话，April 29,前要加介词on。

答案：B

核心考点突破

[并列句]

一、句子的分类

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

三、常见的并列句

1．表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

[典例1](高考山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.

A．till B．or

C．and D．but

[解析]句意：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题所考查的句式为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用and 连接；or表示“否则”，与句意不符。

[答案] C

2．表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...，otherwise等。

Either you are right，or I am.要么你对，要么我对。

Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.

不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。

3．表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas，while等。

Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.

简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。

Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.

一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。

4．表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for。

It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.

昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.

商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

5．when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.

我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.

A．after B．while

C．since D．when

[解析]句意：一个周五，我们正在打包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。表示“正在做某事……就在这时(突然) ……”用be doing sth.when…，所以D项正确。[答案] D

6．while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

[状语从句]

一、时间状语从句

1．when，while和as

when引导的从句的谓语动词既可是一个持续性动词，也可是非持续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比；as引导的从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动词，也可以是非持续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作同时发生。

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。

3．till，until和not(...)until

till，until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。not(...)until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到……才……”。not(...)until还可以用于强调句和倒装句。

4．before和since

若表达“没过……就，过了……才”之意时，须用连词before，句式为“It was/will be＋时间段＋before...”；since意为“自从……”，句式为“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...”。5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何时候……”。

[典例1]Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.

A．so that B．although

C．while D．as if

[解析]此处的while表示“当……的时候”，表示两个动作同时发生；“玛丽煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完饭”这两个动作是同时进行的，因此要用while。

[答案] C

二、让步状语从句

1．让步状语从句表示尽管有某种不利于主句动作发生的条件存在，主句中的情况依然会出现。引导让步状语从句的连词比较多，常见的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑问词＝疑问词＋ever；whether…or...。

although与though两者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。

2．as引导让步状语从句要倒装

as引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分应置于as之前。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。

[典例2]Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.

A．as B．even though

C．unless D．as long as

[解析]句意：尽管Tim锻炼得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此处的even though表示让步，意为“即使”。

[答案] B

[典例3](高考辽宁卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.

A．a desert may be dry B．dry a desert may be

C．may a desert be dry D．dry may a desert be

[解析]句意：一个沙漠无论多么干旱，也不一定就没有生命。how 与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：how＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此难的一个问题；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选B。

[答案] B

三、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as) long as(只要)，in case(以防万一)，on condition that(条件是)，supposing(that)(假设)，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

[典例4](高考江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

A．Otherwise B．If not

C．But for that D．If so

[解析]句意：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂(修理一下)。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不是这样的话；but for that 要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意和语境。if so“如果这样的话”，符合句意和语境。if so 相当于if something is wrong with the car's engine。

[答案] D

[典例5](高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.

A．as if B．in case

C．while D．though

[解析]句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。as if 好像；in case以防万一；while当……时候，而，却；though尽管。由句意可知应选A项。

[答案] A

四、地点、原因状语从句

1．地点状语从句

地点状语从句是表示主句谓语动词的动作发生的地点的状语从句，引导词有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。

2．原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。

[典例6]Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.

A．when B．where

C．how D．what

[解析]句意：今天我们从昨天我们停止的地方开始，以便我们不遗漏任何一点。where引导地点状语从句。

[答案] B

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。[典例7]Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.

A．ever since B．even if

C．soon after D．in case

[解析]in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

[答案] D

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。[典例7]Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.

A．ever since B．even if

C．soon after D．in case

[解析]in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

[答案] D

[典例8]She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble. A．even though B．as though

C．so that D．now that

[解析]题意：她表情紧张，好像预料到麻烦要来。as if/though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。而even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。

[答案] B

高考秘笈

状语从句的易错点

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A．However a serious problem

B．What a serious problem

C．However serious a problem

D．What serious a problem

[错混透析]C该句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，由此可知，应由however引导让步状语从句，语序为“however＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词”。如果对however的词性不明确，会导致误选A项。

[解题指导]考查状语从句的题目，应着重考虑以下几点。

1．要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。

2．注意when/while/as引导时间状语从句时的异同。

3．注意区别until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。

5．注意because/as/since/now that等引导原因状语从句时异同。

6．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引导让步状语从句，相当于

whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whate ver/ whichever还可引导

名词性从句。

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