新视野第三册1~6单元深度阅读

The Sleep Environment

Does that drip, drip, drip of the faucet keep you up at night? Do you need to keep your fan running because "white noise" helps you sleep? Have you ever tossed and turned because you were too hot, or too cold? What about the barking dog or cat that jumps onto your bed —have they ever disrupted your sleep? Most of us recognize that the sleep environment can greatly affect how (and if) we sleep, but are you doing everything you can to make your bedroom a sleep haven? Learn about the do's and don'ts of the sleep environment and then get tips for making your bedroom more sleep-friendly.

Noise

Noises at levels as low as 40 decibels or as high as 70 decibels generally keep us awake. That means that a dripping faucet can steal your sleep, as well as the next door neighbor's blaring stereo. But the absence or presence of a familiar noise can have as great an impact on your sleep as out-of-the-ordinary noises –studies show that sirens and traffic noise from a city street can actually become soothing to longtime city sleepers just as the absence of the tick, tick, tick of your favorite clock while you try to sleep at a hotel can become a sleep stealer.

What to do: Try to block out unwanted sounds with earplugs or use "white noise" such as a fan or an air conditioner. Take your favorite clock with you when you travel in order to recreate familiar sounds that help you sleep (as long as they won't keep your neighbors awake!)

Temperature

In most cases, temperatures above 75 degrees Fahrenheit and below 54 degrees will disrupt sleep, but even sleep researchers fail to agree on the ideal temperature for sleep. The point at which sleep is interrupted due to temperature or climate conditions varies from person to person and can be affected by bed clothes and bedding materials selected by the sleeper. In general, most sleep scientists believe that a slightly cool room contributes to good sleep. That's because it mimics what occurs inside the body when the body's internal temperature drops during the night to its lowest level. (For good sleepers, this occurs about four hours after they begin sleeping.)

What to do: In general, sleep scientists recommend keeping your room slightly cool —but achieving the ideal temperature isn't always simple. What do you do if you and your partner disagree about room temperature? Turning the thermostat down at night in cold weather saves on fuel bills and sets the stage for sleep. Blankets, comforters or electric blankets can lock in heat without feeling too heavy or confining. Or the heat-seeking partner might dress in warmer bedclothes while the warmer partner might opt not to wear sleep clothes or bed covering. In summer, a room that's too hot can also be disruptive. In fact, research suggests that a hot sleeping environment leads to more wake time and lighter sleep at night, while awakenings multiply. An air conditioner or fan can help, and a humidifier can provide relief if you're suffering from a sore throat or dryness in your nose.

Light

Much of our sleep patterns — feeling sleepy at night and awake during the day — are regulated by light and darkness. Light – strong light, like bright outdoor light – is the most powerful regulator of our biological clock. The biological clock influences when we feel sleepy and when we feel alert. As a result, finding the balance of light and darkness exposure is important. Bright light helps to keep you awake during the day, but during sleep, bright lights can be disturbing.

What to do: Make sure to expose yourself to enough bright light during the day. Find time for sunlight, or purchase a lightbox or light visor to supplement your exposure to light. At bedtime, think dark: a dark bedroom contributes to better sleep. Try light-blocking curtains, drapes or an eye mask. If you find yourself waking earlier than you'd like, try increasing your exposure to bright light in the evening. It may delay sleep onset but as little as one to two hours of evening bright light exposure may help you sleep longer in the morning. Also, make sure to avoid light if you wake up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom. Minimize light by using a low illumination night light.

Sleeping Surface

For the most part, we know people sleep better when horizontal and not cramped by space. Not much research has been done to understand the sleeping surface, but it is clear that it plays a role in getting a good night's sleep. For example, tossing and turning on a lumpy 20-year-old mattress that doesn't provide support for your back or neck can impede you from getting the sleep you need and make you very sleepy the next day. Mattress experts say that too often consumers believe that ultra-firm mattresses are good for them, but research on patients with back pain found this was not true and a more supple, comforting mattress may lead to better sleep.

Also, know your pillow: research shows that pillows house thousands of fungal spores which can trigger allergies and compromise a weakened immune system. The research shows that synthetic pillows held a greater amount of bacteria than feather pillows. So, not only can a pillow affect your posture and quality of sleep, but it can also affect your allergies or asthma and make it very difficult to get a good night's rest.

What to do: Give yourself enough space to sleep. If you share a bed with a partner, make sure it is large enough to give both of you room to move around. Replace an old mattress with a new one, and choose a pillow and mattress that fits you best (soft, firm, thick, thin?) and will be comfortable throughout the whole night. Consumer Reports recently found that consumers who spent 15 minutes or more testing each mattress at the store were more likely to be happy with their purchase. Also, consider encasing your pillow in a plastic cover under your pillowcase to keep dust-mites from interfering with your sleep and allergy or asthma symptoms.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. Contrary to common belief, the sleep environment does not really influence people’s sleep quality.

Y N NG

2. Familiar noise like the tick sound of your favorite clock is a common factor that prevents you from sleep.

Y N NG

3. Sleep researchers have not agreed on an ideal temperature for sleep.

Y N NG

4. Studies have found that a slightly cool room is favorable for sleep.

Y N NG

5. Light is the most powerful regulator of our sleep patterns.

Y N NG

6. Bed partners with sleep disorders can negatively impact your sleep.

Y N NG

7. A lot of research has been done to understand how sleeping surface impacts sleep.

Y N NG

8. One way to sleep longer in the morning is to __ in the evening.

9. Research has found that pillows containing fungal pores may weaken your __.

10. If you spend some time testing mattress before buying it, you would be likely to __.

Boys with Eating Disorders

No one knows what Tony does at lunchtime. His friends all gather at the dining hall where they share stories and eat. They talk about their lives and the things they have seen in movies or read in books. But Tony doesn't care about these things, and he doesn't join them. In fact, there is only one thing on Tony's mind—building the perfect body. And while his friends are chatting away, Tony is in the gym by himself, lifting weights. Now, he is able to lift more than ever. He has also measured his arms and legs and weighed himself. He knows he is in the best shape of his life. But it's not enough.

Introduction—a real problem

People say that women and girls are the ones who have body size issues, the ones who develop eating disorders, and the ones affected most by the media pressure. It is true that women and girls

are affected more, but the same issues also affect men and boys. Experts believe the number of boys affected is increasing and that many cases may not be reported, since males are reluctant to acknowledge any illness mostly associated with females.

Where it comes from

There is more and more media pressure for men and boys to take on the look of the well-muscled athletes and actors. Males are becoming uncomfortable about their physical appearance and self-image. Sports, health, and fitness magazines focus on the importance of having muscles and the methods to obtain those perfect sports bodies. Boys tend to do a great deal of weight training and, if they do not see immediate results, they often turn to using steroids (类固醇) and vitamins that advertise unbelievable muscle gain.

The average boy cannot come near meeting the impossible ―standard‖ of the media's male body perfection. They are not going to be Arnold Schwarzenegger or some other action star, or have the well-muscled body of athletes. The most popular magazines carry images of women and men on the covers that represent about 3 percent of the population. Obviously, that leaves 97 percent who cannot measure up to that level of a desired body image.

Magazines, especially those aimed at men and boys, spread the ―body building‖ message around. Advertisements promote weight lifting, body building or muscle toning. The V-shaped body with great muscles is emphasized as the ideal.

The need to make weight for a sport like boxing can cause eating disorders. The demand for pills (药片) that give energy and decrease a person's desire to eat is high among those needing to make weight. Weight training, sports, and conversation with friends can lead boys to abnormal eating habits, which can lead to eating disorders.

Even the toys they play with create pressure. The toy action figures have more muscles today than they did in the past. Their bodies are setting unrealistic ideals for boys in much the same way dolls have been blamed for giving an unrealistic body ideal for girls.

One of the side effects of this body consciousness for both boys and girls is the tendency to turn to smoking to keep their weight down. Overweight boys in the age range of 9 to 14 were 65% more likely to think about or try smoking than their peers. The same study found that boys who worked out every day in order to lose weight were twice as likely to experiment with tobacco. Males with poor body image are also more likely to take drugs and get angry easily.

The effects of a poor body image

It's not uncommon for people who think poorly of their bodies to have problems in other areas of their lives, including careers and relationships. One's feelings of self-worth, behavior, and social confidence can all be related to either a good or a bad body image. How you see yourself affects every part of your life.

More and more health-care professionals are starting to realize the degree that boys can be influenced by body image. One recent study showed that of boys between the ages of 7 and 9, fifty percent wanted to reshape their body. This percentage (百分比) increases as they reach their teens and want to take part in sports and impress girls. It is something that can follow you throughout life if you do not learn to understand that there is more to you than your muscles and body shape.

Advice for people with a poor body image

If you are a boy or a young man who is worried too much about how your body looks, you should remember that your body is just one part of who you are. And it is not even a very important part. You are not just what your body means. Your worth as a person, or your identity as a man, is not determined by your weight or body shape. Develop your potential. Think about your unique gifts. Meaningful relationships, well-established goals, and kindheartedness to others lead to a balanced life and better feelings of one's self. An over-muscled body just doesn't do these.

And if you are still having trouble with doubts or concerns about your body, rather than work out more or eat less, see a doctor about your problems. By talking to a psychologist, you may reduce your anxieties, and finally make them a thing of the past so that you can turn to much more important things in life. Psychologists have had a great deal of success stories in treating young men with the same problem, and, most likely, they will be able to help you as well.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. Tony is most concerned with _____________.

A. having an eating disorder

B. eating his lunch

C. building a perfect body

D. gaining weight

2. _____________ are more affected by the body size issues.

A. Women and girls

B. Men and boys

C. Women and boys

D. Men and girls

3. Some sports magazines teach the young men _____________.

A. to become a real athlete

B. to become a healthy actor

C. to use vitamins to keep healthy

D. to obtain perfect sports bodies

4. The ideal body shown in magazines _____________.

A. cannot be good for sports

B. demands pills

C. cannot measure up

D. is shaped like a V

5. Boys and girls would possibly turn to _____________ for help to keep their weight down.

A. playing

B. smoking

C. taking pills

D. weight training

6. _____________ can be related to self-worth, behavior, and social confidence.

A. A good or bad body

B. Body image

C. Every part of your life

D. Taking drugs

7. Half of all boys between 7 and 9 want _____________.

A. to impress girls

B. to play sports

C. to reshape their bodies

D. to have a good body image

8. Males who worry too much should keep in mind that the body is just a part of ___.

9. You won't have a balanced life and better feelings just because you have___ .

10. It is likely that psychologists can help you because they have had much success treating ___. Magic

Magic (魔术) is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things which are impossible.

The magician (魔术师) is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the law of nature.

Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician always tries to keep his tricks a secret.

The tricks employed in magic performance

The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical (机械的) devices. Since magic tricks are meant to fool people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things

seen by the eye do not register on the mind.

Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.

A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example，the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.

Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he "magically" makes it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.

There are a number of tricks in which a magician will appear to read someone's mind. In some of these, a trained helper will cover the magician's eyes with a cloth. Then the helper has the audience hand him various objects. The helper can tell the magician what the objects are without mentioning their names, by using key words or code words as he talks to the magician. This trick may take the magician and his helper many months to learn.

A magician's powers are really quite limited, but he makes people believe that he can do almost anything by changing or combing several tricks.

Tricks in which the magician apparently cuts people in half or makes them disappear are called illusions (幻觉). The word illusion derives from the fact that mirrors are often used to perform these tricks. A famous illusion trick is to saw (锯) a woman in half. The woman is put into a long box with her head sticking out of one end and her feet sticking out of the other end. The magician takes an ordinary wood saw and cuts the box into two halves. The audience is shocked, thinking that perhaps he has killed the woman. A few moments later, however, the magician waves his hand over the box and the woman comes out. The woman that the audience saw being cut in two was only an image in a mirror—an illusion.

History of magic

Magic is as popular today as it was in ancient times. Records show that over 2,000 years ago magic performances were being given in ancient Egypt, India, Rome, China and Greece. These early magicians only performed for small groups of people on a street corner or for a king and his friends. The magicians in those days used only small objects that they could carry with them or borrow, such as cups, small stones, knives, and strings.

About 1400，more specially designed tricks were invented which used larger equipment, such as boxes and barrels with false bottoms. Under these false bottoms the magician could hide a bird, rabbit, plant, or whatever he wanted to make appear suddenly. ?p> Some magicians made enough

money to buy a donkey, a horse, or even a horse and wagon so that they could carry bigger equipment. Magicians also began to use halls or empty stores so that they could give their shows indoors. ?p> The most successful magicians would move only three or four times a year. They kept a lot of equipment on their stages, but used only a small part of it in each show. In this way they could convince the same people back over and over again. Some of their equipment was of no use at all. It was only used for show and to impress the audience.

Modern magic did not really start until the 1800s. Its father is considered to be Jean Houdin, a Frenchman, who developed rules for doing magic. Houdin was also a highly skilled mechanic and watchmaker. Today modern magicians can perform magic tricks that would have been impossible years ago because they now have better mechanical equipment and greater knowledge of audience psychology.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. Magicians take advantage of their hands and psychology, but not mechanical devices.

Y N NG

2. When making something disappear, magicians usually tell people to pay attention to how the trick is done.

Y N NG

3. A magician's assistant helps him with tricks in which he seems to read a person's mind.

Y N NG

4. The magician makes people believe he has cut a woman in half, but it was only an image in

a mirror.

Y N NG

5. The history of magic can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago in ancient Greece, China, Rome, Egypt and India.

Y N NG

6. Around 1400, more specially designed tricks which used larger equipment were invented to please the kings and other rich people.

Y N NG

7. The passage is mainly about the origin and development of magic.

Y N NG

8. Magicians started to give shows inside _.

9. The man who set rules for magic was also a skilled____- .

10. Thanks to ___and greater knowledge of audience psychology, modern magicians can perform more complicated magic than ever before.

The Olympic Torch

Every four years, the entire world turns toward a certain city, to follow the facts, records, and histories of overcoming. This year, all eyes will turn toward Athens, the place of the first Olympic Games.

In a world of about six billion inhabitants (居民), only a selected group of about ten thousand athletes gets to the Olympic Games. However, there is a ritual of the Games that allows thousands of common people to participate in the Olympic experience, which is unique in the world: the tracking of the Olympic torch. The flame lit in Olympia is a powerful symbol, the force of which can be felt all over the world.

The Olympic torch—past and present

This tradition is not as old as the Games. The tracking of the torch was never part of the Games in Ancient Greece, yet it was part of Greek culture. The old way to carry the Olympic torch through runs was in honor of several gods. They were carried from one temple to the other or to some particular city. The first to get to the place had the honor to light the flame of the gods with his own torch.

The torch is currently completely integrated with the Olympic Movement and is an instrument that should reflect not only the soul of the country organizing the Games, but also the technology available at that moment. For the Athens Olympic Games of 1004, the designer Andreas Varotsos selected the olive (橄榄) leaf. He wanted to include all aspects of his country, both in the historical and cultural levels, at the same time making use of an international language that reflected the spirit of Greece and showed values of peace, love and harmony in all places.

The tracking of the torch—the first half in the 20th Century

The fire was not employed as an Olympic symbol until 1928 when a flame was lit during the Amsterdam Olympics. That caught the imagination of the public. Four years later, in Los Angeles, Carl Diem, from the German Olympic Committee, decided to develop the idea. The flame was lit once again. But those were not real Olympic flames. When the Games were held in Berlin, in 1936, Diem introduced the first tracking of the Olympic torch.

Torch tracking in the 1960s and 1970s

For the Games of 1968, in Mexico, the torch was carried to Spain, from where it would cross the Atlantic and follow the route of Christopher Columbus up to Central America. In Mexico City, Enriqueta Basilio was the first woman to light the Olympic flame.

In 1972, 36 years after the Berlin Olympics, the torch was once again carried to Germany, and 1976 saw the change of the torch to show the growth of technology during the 20th century. In Athens, a machine collected the ionized particles (离子粒) of the flame and transformed it to electronic impulses (脉冲). They were then passed by a satellite across the Atlantic to Ottawa, Canada, where they sent to relight the flame. In seconds, the flame had crossed the world. From Ottawa, it was taken to Montreal, and then followed the conventional manner.

In the 1980s

In 1980, for the Moscow Olympics, the Olympic flame was taken to the Soviet Union for the first time. However, the tracking of the torch in Los Angeles was the most complicated and also the most troublesome. The influence of the money in the sports was growing. In 1984, this led to many quarrels in the Olympic Movement. The Americans developed a program in which each kilometer was sold and the money was given to sport organizations for the youth. This model allowed private sponsors to buy several kilometers, yet it was not well accepted in Greece, and there were many protests against the sale of the Olympic flame.

The memories of the Berlin Olympics, in 1936, were remembered in the Seoul Olympics in 1988. The winner of one race in 1936 was the Korean Kitei Son, yet the medal was given to Japan, which occupied Korea at that time. In 1988, he had the honor to enter the Olympic stadium with the torch, under his real Korean name, Sohn Kee-chung.

Developments in the 1990s

In Barcelona, in 1992, the method through which the flame was lit was in all of the newspapers. Antonio Rebollo was appointed to shoot an arrow (箭) to light the flame. If he made a mistake, this would be the largest mistake of all time. But he did it right. In 1996, the torch was carried to all cities that had held the Games before. More than 10,000 runners took the torch from Olympia to Atlanta. Runners carrying the torch were community heroes chosen for this special honor. Any person could indicate the name of someone regarded as a local hero to carry the flame for a while.

In the new century

During the trip to the Games of 1000, in Sydney, the tracking begun in Uluru, an important place for the Indian population. The first Australian aborigine (土著人) to win an Olympic gold, Nova Peris-Kneebone, carried the torch through the first part of the tracking. Another aborigine, Cathy Freeman, that later would win a gold medal in women's 400 meters, lit the flame.

This year, the trip of the Olympic torch went through 127 countries of all five continents for the first time, including all host cities of the previous Games and also the cities that are candidates (候

选人) for the Olympic Games of 1012. Beijing received the flame for the first time in history.

More than a ritual, the tracking of the torch has become an unexpected opportunity to involve thousands of people with the Olympic experience. As a flaming symbol, the torch has allowed thousands of common citizens to participate.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. ________ are allowed to take part in the Olympic torch tracking

A. Ten thousand common people

B. Ten thousand sportsmen

C. Thousands of common people

D. Six billion inhabitants

2. The Olympic torch is a tool that should not only reflect the technology available at the moment, but also ________.

A. the Olympic Movement

B. the soul of the host country

C. the Games in Ancient Greece

D. the honor of the gods

3. The first real Olympic flame was _________.

A. in Los Angeles Olympics in 1932

B. in Amsterdam Olympics in 1928

C. in Berlin Olympics in 1936

D. in Athens Olympics in 2004

4. In the 1968 Mexico Olympics, Enriqueta Basilio was _________.

A. the first woman to carry the torch

B. the first woman to take part in the games

C. the first woman to cross the Atlantic with the torch

D. the first woman to light the flame

5. How did the use of the Olympic torch in 1976 express the 20th century's technological growth?

A. By passing the flame by satellite.

B. By carrying the torch back to Germany.

C. By using an electronic torch.

D. By taking the torch to Montreal.

6. The most complicated and troublesome torch tracking was in _________.

A. Greece

B. Moscow

C. Los Angeles

D. Berlin

7. The Korean athlete Sohn Kee-chung _________.

A. won a race in 1936 Seoul Olympics, but the honor was given to Japan

B. won a race in 1936 Berlin Olympics, but the honor was given to Japan

C. won a race in 1988 Seoul Olympics, but the honor was given to Japan

D. won a race in 1988 Seoul Olympics, and the honor was given to Korea

8. One chosen to carry the flame for a while is regarded as __-.

9. In 2000, the Olympic flame was lit by an aborigine who would later win ————.

10. The tracking of the torch has become more +————-than a ritual.

Why Aren't Teens Getting Enough Sleep?

Most teens need about 8? to more than 9 hours of sleep each night. The right amount of sleep is essential for anyone who wants to do well on a test or play sports without tripping over their feet. Unfortunately, though, many teens don't get enough sleep.

Until recently, teens were often given a bad rap for staying up late, oversleeping for school, and falling asleep in class. But recent studies show that adolescent sleep patterns actually differ from those of adults or kids.

These studies show that during the teen years, the body's document.write(defcircadian40) circadiancircadian rhythm (sort of like an internal biological clock) is temporarily reset, telling a person to fall asleep later and wake up later. This change in the circadian rhythm seems to be due to the fact that the brain hormone document.write(defmelatonin38) melatoninmelatonin is produced later at night for teens than it is for kids and adults. This can make it harder for teens to fall asleep early.

These changes in the body's circadian rhythm coincide with a time when we're busier than ever. For most teens, the pressure to do well in school is more intense than when they were kids, and it's harder to get by without studying hard. And teens also have other time demands—everything from sports and other extracurricular activities to fitting in a part-time job to save money for college.

Early start times in some schools may also play a role in this sleep deficit. Teens who fall asleep after midnight may still have to get up early for school, meaning that they may only squeeze in 6 or 7 hours of sleep a night. A couple hours of missed sleep a night may not seem like a big deal, but can create a noticeable sleep deficit over time.

Why Is Sleep Important?

This sleep deficit impacts everything from a person's ability to pay attention in class to his or her mood. Research shows that more than 20% of high school students fall asleep in class, and experts have been able to tie lost sleep to poorer grades. Lack of sleep also damages teens' ability to do

their best in athletics.

Slowed responses and concentration from lack of sleep don't just affect school or sports performance, though. The fact that sleep deprivation slows reaction times can be life threatening for people who drive. The National Highway Safety Traffic Administration estimates that 1,500 people are killed every year in crashes caused by drivers between the ages of 15 and 24 who are simply tired. (More than half of the people who cause crashes because they fall asleep at the wheel are under the age of 26.)

Lack of sleep has also been linked to emotional troubles, such as feelings of sadness and depression. Sleep helps keep us physically healthy, too, by slowing our body's systems enough to re-energize us after everyday activities.

How Do I Know if I'm Getting Enough?

Even if you think you're getting enough sleep, you may not be. Here are some of the signs that you may need more sleep:

difficulty waking up in the morning

inability to concentrate

falling asleep during classes

feelings of moodiness and even depression

How Can I Get More Sleep?

Recently, some researchers, parents, and teachers have suggested that middle- and high-school classes begin later in the morning to accommodate teens' need for more sleep. Some schools have already implemented later start times. You and your friends, parents, and teachers can lobby for later start times at your school, but in the meantime you'll have to make your own adjustments.

Here are some things that may help you to sleep better:

Set a regular bedtime. Going to bed at the same time each night signals to your body that it's time to sleep. Waking up at the same time every day can also help establish sleep patterns. So try to stick to your sleep schedule even on weekends. Don't go to sleep more than an hour later or wake up more than 2 to 3 hours later than you do during the week.

Exercise regularly. Try not to exercise right before bed, though, as it can rev you up and make it harder to fall asleep. Many sleep experts believe that exercising 5 or 6 hours before bedtime (in late afternoon) may actually help a person sleep.

Avoid stimulants. Don't drink beverages with caffeine, such as soda and coffee, after 4 PM. Nicotine is also a stimulant, so quitting smoking may help you sleep better. And drinking alcohol in the evening can also cause a person to be restless and wake up during the night.

Relax your mind. Avoid violent, scary, or action movies or television shows right before bed—anything that might set your mind and heart racing. Reading books with involved or active plots may also keep you from falling or staying asleep.

Unwind by keeping the lights low. Light signals the brain that it's time to wake up. Staying away from bright lights (including computer screens!), as well as meditating or listening to soothing music, can help your body relax.

Don't nap too much. Naps of more than 30 minutes during the day may keep you from falling asleep later.

Avoid all-nighters. Don't wait until the night before a big test to study. Cutting back on sleep the night before a test may mean you perform worse than you would if you'd studied less but got more sleep.

Create the right sleeping environment. Studies show that people sleep best in a dark room that is slightly on the cool side. Close your blinds or curtains (and make sure they're heavy enough to block out light) and turn down the thermostat in your room (pile on extra blankets or wear PJs if you're cold). Lots of noise can be a sleep turnoff, too.

Wake up with bright light. Bright light in the morning signals to your body that it's time to get going.

If you're drowsy, it's hard to look and feel your best. Schedule "sleep" as an item on your agenda to help you stay creative and healthy.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. Recent studies show teens’ sleep patterns are the same as those of adults.

Y N NG

2. Lack of sleep impacts a person in school and sports and may lead to emotional troubles.

Y N NG

3. One of the signs of sleep deficit is falling asleep during class.

Y N NG

4. Many schools have already implemented later start times so that students get more sleep.

Y N NG

5. Getting up late in the morning on weekends is good to teens.

Y N NG

6. According to sleep experts, to exercise in the late afternoon is good to sleep.

Y N NG

7. As is usually believed, drinking alcohol before going to bed helps a person get a sound sleep.

Y N NG

8. Listening to soothing music can ———— and is helpful to sleep.

9. If you want to perform well on a test, you should study less and ——- the night before the test.

10. For people to sleep best, a dark room that is -----—— is a favorite.

Children's Eating

Raising children can be a challenging job. It can also be rewarding. When it comes to eating, the more caregivers know about children's natural eating patterns, the easier and more rewarding the job of feeding children can be.

Like many other behaviors, children's eating patterns are largely learned. Starting from infancy (婴儿期), a child learns what can be eaten and what cannot, what is appropriate within the culture and the family regarding food manners, what types of food are liked and disliked, and what cues are important in controlling the amount of food eaten. Children's eating patterns move through predictable stages of development that present challenges and opportunities for learning and mastering proper eating patterns. Early feeding interactions influence the set of skills and behaviors children possess as their eating moves from completely depending on their caregivers to relying more on themselves.

Inborn (天生的) Abilities, Preferences, and Transitions (转变)

Because a newborn spends about 50% of his waking time eating, the feeding interaction is perhaps an infant's most important experience. Feeding not only supplies energy for growth, it also establishes his bond with his mother, provides a sense of security and pleasure for the infant, and presents repeated opportunities for learning and social exchange.

A child's transition to solid food is a dynamic (不断增长的) period of growth and learning. Eating patterns change more during this period than during any other time of life. This transition requires rapid learning about flavors, food, manners, and social exchange.

An often unrecognized milestone (里程碑) in young children's eating behavior is dealing with a fear of new food.Young children are inclined to be afraid of new food when they are between 18-24 months of age. Children previously judged as "good eaters" often begin to reject new food and refuse formerly accepted, familiar items. Children's acceptance of new food does not happen right away. It requires repeated experience with new food to overcome fears and enhance acceptance.

The Family Eating Environment

Parents and caregivers greatly influence the eating environment in which children's preferences and eating patterns develop. Caregivers determine which foods are available to the child and what composes a child's diet. They also provide a model of eating behavior and guide a child's eating through feeding practices. By selecting the food that comes into the home, parents have direct

control over the food children repeatedly eat.

At any point in development, large differences may exist among parents in the extent to which they allow a child to control eating, including the timing of meals, as well as what and how much is eaten. Feeding practices that are too controlling are not effective, but rather may work against promoting healthy eating patterns. The use of pressure and restriction in child feeding seems to have an opposite effect on children's preferences. Another unintended consequence of using pressure in child feeding is that it may cause eating to be influenced by factors other than a child's own hunger and fullness.

The Contemporary Eating Environment

While the family is the most important environment in which children's eating develops, cultural and physical environments also play a role. Environmental factors affect a parent's ability to promote healthy eating patterns. Such factors include increased time demands in family life, loss of the family meal, increased television viewing during meals, increased dining-out (外出就餐) occasions, and increased use of childcare. Parents also struggle with the broader health and eating concerns of our society. This climate includes poor diet quality and an ever-increasing number of overweight parents and children. At the same time, society places an enormous emphasis on dieting and thinness.

Promoting Healthy Eating Behaviors

A worthy goal for parents and caregivers is to create feeding environments that promote healthy eating behaviors and support healthy weight and growth. There are several important feeding issues for most children.

Young children eat small amounts of food frequently; three meals and three snacks (点心) is a normal eating pattern until well into the school years.

The appearance of irregular eating patterns is not necessarily evidence of poor eating habits. Parents should consider the amount of food eaten across the day and beyond, rather than focus on "getting a child to eat" at a particular eating occasion.

Young children require fewer energy and smaller portion sizes. Because increasing portion sizes may increase energy intakes, be careful about routinely (习惯性地) offering adult-size servings of drinks and snacks. Keeping these issues and the following ten tips in mind will help parents and caregivers develop healthy eating behaviors in the children they care for.

Ten Tips for Putting Information into Action

1. Children benefit from eating routines (常规) and structure in the same way that they benefit from bedtime routines! Be sure to offer three meals and two to three snacks across the course of the day. In between, avoid feeding the child by adopting a "closed kitchen" policy.

2. What does hunger have to do with it? Everything. Direct children towards internal cues like hunger and fullness. Speak plainly to children about hunger and fullness during mealtime and

snacks.

3. Avoid focusing on the amounts consumed. Instead, offer healthy choices and learn about appropriate portion sizes for children.

4. Offer healthy snacks and routinely remind children that fruits and vegetables are available for snacking.

5. Don't give up! Children need repeated experiences with new food before they learn to like them.

6. Be conscious of low nutrient, high-energy drinks and food consumption.

7. Be active! Turn off the television (limit of 2 hours per day) and encourage free play by GOING OUTSIDE!

8. Make family meals a priority whenever possible. Try for at least three family dinners a week. Limit eating out to twice a week and try to choose restaurants with surroundings that permit conversation.

9. Develop children's conversational styles and their sense of importance by eliminating distractions like television and music during family meals.

10. Promote healthy eating—not dieting—in word and in deed. Adopt a moderate approach that includes all food in age-appropriate amounts.

Read the passage quickly and answer the questions. For Questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For Questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

1. What can make feeding children more rewarding for caregivers?

A. Knowing more about children's natural eating patterns.

B. Challenging children as they are being raised.

C. Starting to feed them from the time they are in infancy.

D. Teaching them about what is appropriate.

2. What is influenced by early feeding interactions?

A. Opportunities for learning.

B. Stages of development.

C. Skills and behavior later.

D. Caregivers relying on themselves.

3. Children's eating patterns change most during __________.

A. the time between 18-24 months

B. his bonding period with his mother

C. the time before he is an infant

D. his transition to solid food

4. How do parents influence children's preferences and intake patterns?

A. By telling the child to overcome fear.

B. By choosing the food that comes home.

C. By feeding the child directly.

D. By planning a child's diet.

5. _______________ is not effective in promoting healthy eating patterns.

A. Providing a model

B. Allowing the child to control food

C. Controlling food too much

D. Selecting the food that comes home

6. The most important environment in developing a child's eating is ______________.

A. physical

B. hunger and fullness

C. the culture

D. the family

7. One of the eating concerns of our society is ______________.

A. the increasing number of thin people

B. the growing number of fat people

C. the amount of care given to children

D. the many children who eat little food

8. The occurrence of irregular eating patterns doesn’t always mean—— .

9. Both bedtime routines and———— are beneficial to children.

10. ——- should be given priority whenever possible.

E-commerce

Widespread buying and selling of goods on the Internet did not begin until 1994. Since then, an increasing number of companies have used the Internet as an important part of their marketing and trading. The Net enables them to reach customers all over the world. It also enables customers to shop from home and find the best prices. Doing business via the Internet is called electronic commerce, or e-commerce.

In the late 1990s, investors rushed to put money into new companies that sold products and services on the Internet, in the hope of making big profits. These Internet-based businesses became known as "dot-com" companies, because their Web addresses often ended with ".com". Some of the people who owned these dot-com businesses became millionaires overnight because so much money was invested in their companies. Unfortunately, many of these businesses failed

because they could not attract enough customers. These failures discouraged many investors, and made it more difficult for new dot-com companies to raise money.

Changing shopping habits

Traditional shops risk losing customers as more people shop online. Already, 25 per cent of regular Internet users say they spend less time shopping in real shops. E-shopping has not grown as fast as it might though, because news of Internet crime makes many people reluctant to give their credit card details to companies on the Net. However, surveys indicate that shoppers' fears are declining.

Worldwide online sales of holidays alone reached almost ￡14 billion in 2000, an increase of 85 per cent over the previous year. The UK and Europe lag behind the United States in online shopping. In an online survey in 2000, only 3 per cent of British shoppers who took part said they shopped online regularly, while a similar US survey found that 48 per cent of respondents shopped online.

E-tailing concerns

Not all e-commerce growth is welcomed in all quarters. The Net is international, but most laws are only national. In the United States, even individual states can have different laws. The laws covering what may be sold vary from country to country and this causes problems when it comes to e-tailing (electronic retailing).

In France, it is illegal to sell or display anything that might encourage racism. When a website offered Nazi-related items for sale in 2000, a French judge ruled that the Internet Service Provider (ISP), Yahoo, had to make it impossible to access the site in France. Yahoo ensured that these items did not appear on its French service, but French Internet users could still see them by accessing Yahoo's US service. This case shows how difficult it is for ISPs to comply with all the laws in all the countries in the world.

Another worry for the authorities is the sale of medicines over the Net. Doctors worry that drugs bought via the Internet could pose a serious risk to patients trying to treat themselves. The US Food and Drug Administration has warned a dozen or more website operators that they could be committing a crime if they sell drugs to American citizens over the Internet.

Online publishing

One of the first industries to move to e-commerce was bookselling. Now, the texts of numerous books are available on the Internet. Some are books by unpublished authors seeking to bring their work to wider notice. Others are reproductions of books now out of copyright, such as those by William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.

E-books

Publishers and authors are experimenting with publishing books on the Net. A book published in this way is called an electronic book, or e-book. E-books can be downloaded onto home computers or read on handheld devices no bigger than a paperback book.

If online publishing were to be popular with readers, it could change the way books are distributed and it could have serious implications for the bookselling trade. When the author Stephen King published a 66-page ghost story on the Net in 2000, 400,000 copies were ordered in one day—more than any of his best-sellers in print did on their first day in traditional bookshops. Some websites charged US$2.50 (￡1.75) for it. Others gave it away free.

The future of publishing

Will e-books replace traditional print books? Probably not. Congestion (堵塞) on the Internet caused by thousands of people all trying to download the same best-seller at the same time is frustrating. Even when that problem is solved, many people will still prefer the experience of turning the pages of a printed book. Printed books are also very robust (健康的). They don't break down if they are dropped on the ground or a drink is spilled on them. They don't require any knowledge of how to use technology in order to read them. They don't need batteries. On the other hand, children growing up now, in a world of palm computers and mobile data phones, may prefer e-books to printed text on paper.

The future of publishing probably does not lie in an "either-or" choice between traditional books and e-books. A new technology rarely completely replaces an existing popular technology. The two will probably exist side-by-side, like CD and tape, TV and radio, cinema and TV, and electronic games and board games.

Financial services

It is now possible to buy insurance, take out a loan, apply for a credit card or open a bank account on the Internet. These online services usually cost less or offer better interest rates than the same services over a bank counter. Online banking lets customers run their bank accounts without having to go to banks during the few hours in the day when they are open. Online banks are open seven days a week, 24 hours a day, and are accessible from the user's home and, increasingly, by mobile phone, too. They also provide banking services to less populated areas—for example, to more remote parts of Australia.

By the end of 2000, about 20 million Europeans were banking online, roughly double the number of Americans using online banking at the same time. A market report published in mid-2001 predicted that e-banking in Europe would triple by 2005. And as online services available via mobile phones develop, up to 150 million people worldwide could be using wireless online banking by then.

Business-to-business

英语阅读新视野第6课

Left-Handedness左撇子 Before You Read 阅前思考 Answer the following questions. 1. Are you left-handed? How many left-handed people do you know? 2. Do you know any famous people who are left-handed? 3. What percentage of people do you think are left-handed? Target Vocabulary 目标词汇 Match each word with the best meaning. 1. abnormal a. to make a plan for something 2. architect b. feelings or ideas about someone or something. 3. attitude c. (verb) change something for the worse; (noun) injury; harm 4. damage d. related to the body (rather than the mind) 5. mental e. related to the mind 6. mild f. job 7. occupation g. not serous; gentle 8. physical h. a trained professional who draws plans for buildings 9. (to) design i. someone who never eats animals 10. vegetarian j. unusual; not normal Reading Comprehension 阅读理解 What do Leonardo da Vinci, Paul McCartney, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Pablo Picasso, Prince William, and Marilyn Monroe. In fact, an estimated 11 percent of Americans and Europeans are left-handed. Most people around the world are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true throughout history. In 1977, scientists studied works of art made at various times in history starting with cave drawings from 15,000 B.C. and ending with paintings from the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. Many researchers claim to have found relationships between left-handedness and various 1 and 2 characteristics, such as blond hair, blue eyes, 3 , and sleep difficulties. Other studies have found a higher-than-normal level of left-handed people in certain 4 , including professional baseball and tennis players, 5 , lawyers, as well as prisoners. However, some of these connections are very weak, and others haven’t been proven. What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet, no one really knows for sure. One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness form their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5 percent chance of having a left-handed child, whereas two left-handed parents have a 26 percent chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer 6 brain 7

让流量时代的阅读更有深度

让流量时代的阅读更有深度 最近，“复旦旧书店”在网上走红。“宝藏”“最美书店”……网友不吝溢美之词，探店爱好者纷纷慕名前往。其实，这家书店已驻扎存续将近20年时间，复旦师生广为知晓。它与复旦大学另一知识地标“鹿鸣书店”一样，成为校园文化景观的一部分。互联网大潮中，这样的实体书店散发着独特魅力。 处身流量时代，知识和资讯仿若湍急河流。有的人难以自控，不由自主地随波逐流，被眼花缭乱的信息推着走，迷失于虚拟场景。长时间接触网络，让一些人习惯于追逐信息片段或思想边角料，导致注意力碎片化。走马观花式的网上阅读，少有思维的深潜。在这样的过程中，读者的感觉似乎很丰盈，但实质上多是视觉层面的愉悦，停留于浏览或浅阅读。长此以往，无益于深度思考能力的培养。 追逐流量效应的人，注定行之不远。的确，互联网提供了前所未有的可能性、可及性，创设了目力驰骋的出口和自由选择的路口，但最终的选择权和控制权在人们自己手上。网络纵有千般好，也不能因此放任思想惰性。面对纷乱的信息流，绝不能一味“下沉”，窝在思维的“舒适区”，拒绝深度、躲避思考，追逐简易、刺激、戏剧化、图像化的内容，甚至把阅读目标全盘托付给“知识带货商”。在流量化的内容产品面前，必须有所思考，有所选择。保持理性与定力，抵制低俗、拒绝庸俗，才能成为清醒的阅读者，做阅读真正的主人。 流量时代，究竟该怎样成就更好的阅读？一方面，离不开读者的坚守；另一方面，也要建构良好的阅读环境。因此，尽管时代在快速发展，网络阅读越来越普及、便利，我们的城乡社区依然需要一批优质的实体书店。实体书店的存在，仿佛一盏盏明亮的路灯，可以照亮人们的精神文化世界，并在一定程度上改变一些人阅读模式化现象。 近年来，在多方努力下，实体书店迎来新的发展机遇，但也存在一些隐忧。如今，书店单一的卖书模式难以为继，实体书店只能错位竞争、强化体验功能，通过拓展业务单元、增强附属功能，寻找市场支点。但如果千篇一律地复制类似模式，过度放大书店的延伸功能，也容易偏离开办书店的初心。归根结底，还是要依托内容上的优质经营，让读者体验以书为中心。否则，过度开发读者的在场体验，可能会导致审美疲劳，甚至本末倒置。 流量时代，我们还应思考：面对过载的信息，如何作出选择？什么才是阅读的正确打开方式？这既需要让传统书店在互联网场景中有存在感，也应当让流量化知识有价值依归和精神向度。“复旦旧书店”引发关注，彰显了互联网连接的力量。

每日一读 ---经典美文

时光就像一个美少女，在低眉浅笑中，就将有些人一些事隔到了光阴的对面。其实光阴从不曾厚过谁也不曾薄过谁，生活就是一种积累，你若储存的温暖多，你的生活就会阳光明媚，你若储存太多寒凉，你的生活就会阴云密布。放下烦恼与忧愁，带着最美的微笑出发，脚下路在，前方希望在，回眸处爱与温暖一直都在。 牵一片光阴行走在流年里，看年华似水，缘聚缘散。曾经执着过的感情，慢慢的就淡了；曾经牵过手的人，走着走着就散了。流年的光阴里，温习着一场场错过；岁月的转角处，上演着悲欢离合。尘世间有太少的相濡以沫，太多的相忘于江湖。永远到底有多远？是天涯咫尺，亦或是咫尺天涯？被你牵过的手，揽不住永久，一句对不起辜负了多少我爱你。转身，你不再是我风花雪月的主角，我也不再是你心头的那颗朱砂。缘起，你在人群中；缘灭，你已在天涯。往事是一道风景，就算再美也只适合欣赏，或许，学会放开双手，心，才会自由。 生活是什么？生活是柴米油盐的平淡；是行色匆匆早出晚归的奔波；生活是错的时间遇到对的人的遗憾；是爱的付出与回报；生活是看不同的风景，遇到不同的人；是行至水穷尽，坐看云起时的峰回路转；生活是灵魂经历伤痛后的微笑怒放；是挫折坎坷被晾晒后的坚强；生活是酸甜苦辣被岁月沉淀后的馨香；是经历风霜雪雨洗礼后的懂得；生活是走遍千山万水后，回眸一笑的洒脱。 人生山一程水一程，总会有高潮和低谷，掬一捧光阴，握一份懂得，穿越一场又一场的生命迷雾。不是没有忧伤，是我们学会了坚强，不是没有挫折，是我们学会了面对。每一场经历都是生活的积累，每一次坎坷都是生命的历练。春暖花开，打开心灵之窗，走过阴霾，只要明天的太阳还会升起，生命就会在阳光中怒放。 倘佯在流年里，没有永远的快乐，也没有永远的伤痛。累的时候记得停下来歇歇，难过的时候蹲下来抱抱自己，寒冷的日子给自己些温暖，孤独的时候为自己寻一片晴空。我们都是红尘过客，缘来时你在我心里，缘去时让往事随风，学会好好爱自己，因为你不爱自己，没有人会更爱你，你若不坚强，没有人会替你坚强。 流年无恙，谁许过谁岁月静好？时光不居，谁许过谁天长地久？烟花不堪剪。你说，莫失莫忘，后来，梦里花凉；你说，生死相依，后来，转身擦肩；你说，天涯咫尺，后来，咫尺天涯。花开时节正逢君，花落时节已陌路。落红尽处，尘缘暗殇。谁懂离人泪？谁为雨花赋？原来，不是所有的执子之手，都能够与子偕老，失去的风景，走散的人都住在缘分的尽头。山盟海誓空对月，海枯石烂终成空，你的红尘，我也只是路过的幸福。曾经，你若安好，我便是晴天；从此，你若不好，再和我无关。或许，邂逅，缘于情；转身，缘于爱。就让那些曾经身手相牵的过往，在隔岸的年华里低吟浅唱，在回忆与遗忘中继续着我们的人生。

新视野大学英语读写教程1unit6-unit10 课后答案

新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 6 III. 1. boast 2. registered 3. employment 4. peculiar 5. Continuous 6. graduated 7. dump 8. retreat 9. contrary 10. trembled IV. 1. in 2. of 3. behind 4. about 5. At 6. about/of 7.with 8. by 9. on/upon 10. at V. 1. F 2. M 3. J 4. G 5.A 6. D 7. O 8. L 9. I 10. C VI. 1. I know who he is. So does she. 2. We have come to realize all work is equally import. So has Sara. 3. I’d like another drink. So would John. 4. I’m not supposed to know who else objects to the plan. Nor/Neither are they. 5. He shouldn’t have imagined there would be joy in picking up trash. Nor/Neither should Steve. VII. 1. Even if the calculation is right 2. even if they raise the price 3. Even if she may not return me the money 4. even if she doesn’t come 5. Even if we ac hieve great success in our work VIII. 1. The police got to the station five minutes after the explosion, and so did the reporters. 2. Even if you disagree with her, she is worth listening to. 3. The news reporters were given nothing but bare facts by the officials in charge of the investigation. 4. The room was well decorated, but the color of the curtain did not go well with the overall style. 5. Whenever we go back to the place where my husband was born, we always make the rounds of his relatives. 6. Cont rary to his hope, his girlfriend’s parents are not as approachable as his parents. IX. 1. 我问过好几个服务员，可他们什么也没说，只朝着我笑，直到这时我才意识 到我的 英语不够好。 2. 校长对那位院长非常生气，进而解除了他的院长职务。 3. 如果你当着孩子的面问这个问题，即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版1课文翻译.

Unit1 奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们,一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！

大学英语新视野答案.doc

Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions (每小题：分) Directions: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers. Questions 1 to 1 are based on the following passage or dialog. 1. A. Decrease imports. B. Increase imports. C. Decrease its deficit by 5%. D. Increase its deficit by 5%. Questions 2 to 2 are based on the following passage or dialog. 2. A. Raise the oil prices. B. Import less oil. C. Use less oil. D. Take buses more frequently. Questions 3 to 3 are based on the following passage or dialog.

追求深度的科学阅读

追求深度的科学阅读

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

追求深度的科学阅读-科学论文 追求深度的科学阅读 李红李进 图书进万家，阅读欢乐多！在读书逐渐成为民族复兴助推器、百姓生活新常态的“全民阅读”大背景下，科学老师能为此做些什么呢？ 人们一提到阅读，往往想到的就是文学类阅读，但不少学者指出：不能仅将阅读局限在古今中外的文学名著上，许多人文社科类著作，包括一部分自然科学著作，都应纳入我们的阅读视野…… 但是，到底什么是“科学阅读”？它与语文阅读有什么区别？科学阅读的内容包括什么？科学阅读要达到什么样的目标？科学阅读的途径是什么？……对于此类问题，笔者在查阅报刊杂志、浏览网络文稿的过程中，发现很少有清晰的界定和具体的介绍。 鉴于此，笔者试从“我眼中的科学阅读”及“追求深度的科学阅读”两个方面，结合实践谈谈我们对当前科学阅读的认识。 我眼中的科学阅读 要界定什么是“科学阅读”，首先应该说说阅读。《现代汉语词典》对阅读的解释是：“看（书报等）并领会其内容。”网络上说，“阅读是从视觉材料中获取信息的过程。视觉材料主要是文字和图片，也包括符号、公式、图表等。”“阅读是一种理解、领悟、吸收、鉴赏、评价和探究文章思维的过程。” 综合上述内容，可概括为“阅读是信息搜索、存储、内化的过程”。 结合语文学科的性质及使命，我们知道语文阅读的落脚点在口头及书面的表达与交流，即信息的提取和应用。

那么，科学阅读与其区别在哪呢？ 笔者认为，科学阅读也具备“搜索、存储、内化信息”等阅读的基本特征，但其重要落脚点在于引领与探究，而非语文阅读的表达与交流。 先来看一看下面的事例，苏教版《科学》四年级上册《声音的传播》一课中有如图所示的一段文字。 试问，这段内容的阅读是不是科学阅读？ 笔者以为它是“科学课上的阅读”，但不是严格意义上的“科学阅读”，因为从获取信息的角度来看，它与语文阅读并无本质的不同。所以，这些“实验操作提示”类的内容，笔者偏向于不认可它是“科学阅读”。 如果活动结束小结时，老师给学生发放以下一份科学阅读资料会有什么样的结果呢？ 畅游声音世界 同学们，下面这份表格中，列举了声音在下列一些物质中的传播速度。你能从中发现声音在这些物质中的传播速度有什么规律吗？ 声音在一些物质中的传播速度（单位：米／秒） 如果你发现了声音在不同物质中传播的一些规律，不妨在这里留下你思考的“足迹”： 智力闯关

十五篇经典阅读 及答案

小学语文经典课外阅读 1. 我爱水，所以我爱大海，爱长江，也爱小溪流。但是，我最爱的还是湖。 静静的湖，像是一块无瑕的翡翠，在阳光的照耀下，闪烁着美丽的光泽。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想湖中一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是鱼儿的家园，不然它们怎么整天那么欢乐？水晶宫里一定有一块巨大的、发光的翡翠，不然湖水为什么会绿得这么美？我凝视湖面，偶尔投一枚石子，让它激起一道道波纹；或是放一只纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。 静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更动人。 细丝般的雨丝飘下来，不停地织啊织，织出湖——这块绿色的“锦” 。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，像美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。 雷雨到来时的湖真热闹。你看，天空中一道道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。你听，“轰轰”，礼炮响了，大会就开始了。等大雨一落，联欢会立刻开始。你看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花了吗？那是正在翩翩起舞的金色姑娘头上的玉花。 你想知道节目是否精彩吗？那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”会把一切都告诉你。 湖是美的...... 1、给短文加上题目 , 写在横线上。

2、用“——”画出文中的过渡句。用“～～”画出文中前后照应的句子。 3、比一比，组词。 蓝（）龄（）朴（）庆（）篮（）铃（）扑（）厌（）4、把下面的词语适当地搭配起来（用“＿＿＿”划出来）： 飞快地（跑跳走）微微地（躺下点头说笑）辛勤地（玩耍思考工作）尽情地（跳舞看书弹琴）5、缩写句子。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。 6、文章主要描述了（） （1）湖的美丽（2）下雨的韵味（ 3）湖的绿 7、作者从哪几方面描写了雨中湖的什么特点？ 8、文中的“礼花”指的是，“礼炮”指的是 ，“玉花”指的是，“掌声”指的 是。 参考答案： 1、美丽的湖

英语阅读新视野第2课

The Sphinx 狮身人面像 Before You Read 阅前思考 Answer the following questions. 1. What do you know about the monument in the picture? 2. Do you know any other Egyptian monuments? 3. What are some famous monuments in your country? Target Vocabulary 目标词汇 Match each word with the best meaning. 1. archaeologist a. to make something look like it did when it was new 2. cane b. easy to see 3. crawl c. a stick made of wood or metal used to help a person walk 4. monument d. to move slowly and close to the ground 5. restore e. a person, animal, or thing made from wood, stone, or metal 6. riddle f. to show great respect for 7. statue g. a question that requires cleverness to answer 8. strangle h. to kill someone by squeezing their neck so they can’t breathe 9. visible i. a sculpture or building built in memory of a person or historical event 10. worship j. a person who studies historical people and cultures by looking at old things Reading Passage 阅读文章 For any tourist visiting Egypt, there are two things that everyone must see. The first is the 137-meter-high Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of all the pyramids in Egypt. The second is the Great Sphinx of Giza, a sculpture with the body of a lion and the head of a man, which stands 20 meters tall and 73 meters long. The origin of the Great Sphinx of Giza goes back 5, 000 years. Although many sphinx sculptures have been found over the years, researchers believe that the Great Sphinx which guards the pyramids in Giza was actually the first one to be made (around 2600-2500 B. C.). The head of the Sphinx represents Khafre, the Pharaoh who ruled Egypt at that time. About two thousand years later, around 570 B. C., sand havd covered all but the head of the Great Sphinx. The people living in the area had forgotten the history of the statue, so they imagined that the head represented the sun god Ra and began worshiping it. The son of Pharaoh Amenhotep Ⅱ heard the head speak to him in a dream. The Sphinx’s head made him promise to clear the sand from the statue’s body. The son, Thutmose, kept his word and did what he was told in the dream. He also built walls around the statue to prevent the sand from covering it again. After all of the sand was cleared away, Thutmose made a large stone tablet that told the story of his dream. He placed this tablet between the town front feet of the Sphinx, where it stands to this day. For hundreds of years, the Sphinx attracted people both as a religious monument and as a work of art. But eventually, the desert sand once again covered the Sphinx, leaving only the head visible. It was not until the 1800s that archaeologists began clearing the sand from the statue and began researching the long history of the Sphinx. At last, in the 1920s, all of the sand was finally cleared

(完整版)新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第一册教案

Unit 1 Book One Section A: Toward a brighter future for all Teaching Objectives: To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns To study Passage A and understand the main idea of the text To understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it To talk about college education Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities Step 1. Greetings Greet the whole class warmly. Step 2. Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1. What is the ideal university like in your eyes? 2. What are your expectations of your college life? 3. What advice did your parents give you before you left for college? Step 3. Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure. Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Part1 (para.1-3) Opening part of the welcome speech Part 2 (para.4-7) Making the best of what you have. Challenging yourself. Facing new experiences. Opportunities and responsibilities. Part 3 (Para.8) Concluding remarks of the welcome speech. Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph. Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical

中学生英语阅读新视野1词组大全

中学生英语阅读新视野①词组 go without 没有, 缺乏, 将就 In those days we often had to go without supper. tell … apart It's difficult to tell the two girls apart. 这两个女孩很难分辨。 Without question 毫无疑问 He is without question the best man for the job. 毫无疑问, 他最适合干这份工作。 A number of 一些 A great number of problems have arisen. 出现了许多问题。 Take off 1.拿走, 取下; 去掉 Last night's strong wind nearly took the roof off! 昨夜的大风差一点把屋顶刮掉了。 2.脱去 I can't take my boots off, they're so tight! 靴子太紧了, 我脱不下来! 3.截断, 切除 I'm afraid the disease can't be stopped, so we shall have to take your leg off. 恐怕这病情控制不住了, 我们得把你的一条腿截肢。 4.(使)离开 I think I'll take myself off now. 我想我现在就得走。 5.起跳; 起飞 Watch that bird taking off from the branch! 注意看那只鸟从枝头飞起来! 6.(飞机)起飞 It's exciting to feel the plane taking off. 感觉到飞机起飞令人兴奋。 7.减轻(体重) I'm so pleased that I've been able to take off all that weight and get into my good clothes again! 我的体重终于减轻, 那些漂亮的衣服又合身了, 我真高兴! Around the world 世界各地 By accident 偶然地 He made this mistake by accident. 他犯这个错误纯属偶然。 Now and then

追求深度的科学阅读 (1)

追求深度的科学阅读-科学论文 追求深度的科学阅读 李红李进 图书进万家，阅读欢乐多！在读书逐渐成为民族复兴助推器、百姓生活新常态的“全民阅读”大背景下，科学老师能为此做些什么呢？ 人们一提到阅读，往往想到的就是文学类阅读，但不少学者指出：不能仅将阅读局限在古今中外的文学名著上，许多人文社科类著作，包括一部分自然科学著作，都应纳入我们的阅读视野…… 但是，到底什么是“科学阅读”？它与语文阅读有什么区别？科学阅读的内容包括什么？科学阅读要达到什么样的目标？科学阅读的途径是什么？……对于此类问题，笔者在查阅报刊杂志、浏览网络文稿的过程中，发现很少有清晰的界定和具体的介绍。 鉴于此，笔者试从“我眼中的科学阅读”及“追求深度的科学阅读”两个方面，结合实践谈谈我们对当前科学阅读的认识。 我眼中的科学阅读 要界定什么是“科学阅读”，首先应该说说阅读。《现代汉语词典》对阅读的解释是：“看（书报等）并领会其内容。”网络上说，“阅读是从视觉材料中获取信息的过程。视觉材料主要是文字和图片，也包括符号、公式、图表等。”“阅读是一种理解、领悟、吸收、鉴赏、评价和探究文章思维的过程。” 综合上述内容，可概括为“阅读是信息搜索、存储、内化的过程”。 结合语文学科的性质及使命，我们知道语文阅读的落脚点在口头及书面的表达与交流，即信息的提取和应用。

那么，科学阅读与其区别在哪呢？ 笔者认为，科学阅读也具备“搜索、存储、内化信息”等阅读的基本特征，但其重要落脚点在于引领与探究，而非语文阅读的表达与交流。 先来看一看下面的事例，苏教版《科学》四年级上册《声音的传播》一课中有如图所示的一段文字。 试问，这段内容的阅读是不是科学阅读？ 笔者以为它是“科学课上的阅读”，但不是严格意义上的“科学阅读”，因为从获取信息的角度来看，它与语文阅读并无本质的不同。所以，这些“实验操作提示”类的内容，笔者偏向于不认可它是“科学阅读”。 如果活动结束小结时，老师给学生发放以下一份科学阅读资料会有什么样的结果呢？ 畅游声音世界 同学们，下面这份表格中，列举了声音在下列一些物质中的传播速度。你能从中发现声音在这些物质中的传播速度有什么规律吗？ 声音在一些物质中的传播速度（单位：米／秒） 如果你发现了声音在不同物质中传播的一些规律，不妨在这里留下你思考的“足迹”： 智力闯关

10、小学语文经典阅读题及答案

小学语文经典题（课外语段阅读） 课外1： 暖色的梦 路边的小花在瑟瑟的寒风中 谦卑地开放了 仿佛大地做了一个小小的梦 纤弱的身影 投在深黑的土地上 沉默的微笑 温柔了整个世界 那几片单纯的花瓣 竟一下子使行者的眼眶涌满了泪水 开了又枯萎了 路边的小花 仿佛大地做了又一个小小的梦 1．路边的小花开了，大地做了一个“小小的梦”，她梦见了什么，请你展开想象，写一写： ______________________________________________________________ 2．面对如些谦卑的小花，“行者的眼眶涌满了泪水”，你是怎样理解的？ _____________________________________________________________________ 解题思路： 认真品读诗歌，体悟诗歌内涵；仔细阅读题目，结合诗歌内容，发挥想象，组织语言表达。 参考答案： 1．如：它梦见自己装点着这个世界，人们非常喜欢它。 2．小花默默地吐露芬芳，装点自然，温暖世界，她的生命虽然短暂，奉献虽然很小，但她深深地感动了每一个行者。 角斜小学赵兴军课外2：

我爱水，所以我爱大海，爱长江，也爱小溪流。但是，我最爱的还是湖。 静静的湖，像是一块无瑕的翡翠，在阳光的照耀下，闪烁着美丽的光泽。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想湖中一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是鱼儿的家园，不然它们怎么整天那么欢乐？水晶宫里一定有一块巨大的、发光的翡翠，不然湖水为什么会绿得这么美？我凝视湖面，偶尔投一枚石子，让它激起一道道波纹；或是放一只纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。 静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更动人。 细丝般的雨丝飘下来，不停地织啊织，织出湖——这块绿色的“锦”。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，像美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。 雷雨到来时的湖真热闹。你看，天空中一道道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。你听，“轰轰”，礼炮响了，大会就开始了。等大雨一落，联欢会立刻开始。你看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花了吗？那是正在翩翩起舞的金色姑娘头上的玉花。你想知道节目是否精彩吗？那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”会把一切都告诉你。 湖是美的…… 1、给短文加上题目,写在横线上。 2、用“——”画出文中的过渡句。用“～～”画出文中前后照应的句子。 3、作者从哪几方面描写了雨中湖的什么特点？ 4、文中的“礼花”指的是，“礼炮”指的是，“玉花”指的是，“掌声”指的是。 解题指导： 新大纲明确要求：语文课程应“指导学生正确理解和运用祖国语文，丰富语言的积累，培育语感，发展思维”。如何让学生学会分析文章，领悟主要精神？一是读懂短文，知道短文讲的主要内容，作者所要表达的情感； 二是指导学生抓住短文的开头和结尾，因为一般人用文字表达思想的时候总喜欢把最为重要的东西放在开头和结尾，诸如开场白、压轴戏； 三是掌握常用的修辞手法。 四是抓住短文的关键句子，进行分析，以便更好地把握文章的内容。 五是回答问题，答题要简单明了，答案要紧扣题目要求。

英语阅读新视野第5课

The Tour de France 环法自行车大赛 Before You Read 阅前思考 Answer the following questions. 1. Do you like cycling? How popular is cycling in your country? 2. What long-distance sporting events are popular in you country? 3. What do you know about the Tour de France? Target Vocabulary 目标词汇 Match each word with the best meaning. 1. alien a. including everything; total 2. clockwise b. a path along which one travels 3. consist of c. to be made up of 4. cycle d. ride a bicycle 5. dot e. in the direction that the hands of a clock move 6. honor f. one from another country, or from space 7. neighboring g. a small circle or point 8. overall h. located near 9. route i. ride or run as fast as you can over a short distance 10. sprint j. a special award for doing something good There is a saying in France that states: “The government could fall, the Louvre could be broken into, or aliens could land on Earth, but if any of the these things happened during the Tour de France, no one would notice.” The Tour de France is the most famous cycling race in the world. The race, which is held in July every year, consists of twenty one-day stages, plus several rest days. The course follows a clockwise route around France, and often neighboring countries, including Luxembourg, Belgium, and Italy. The winner is the rider who completes all twenty stages of the race in the shortest overall time. The Tour de France first started on July 1, 1903, when sixty cyclists left from in front of The Alarm Clock Café, just outside of Paris, and rode 467 kilometers to Lyon. The first time there were no rest days-the winner was the rider who finished the race in the shortest total time. The winner of the first Tour de France, Maurice Garin, the most popular cyclist in France at that time, received 2,000 francs (about $ 350). It took him 94 hours and 33 minutes to ride all 2, 428 kilometers of the race, three hours faster than the runner-up. Over the weeks during which the race, the idea of the Tour de France slowly caught on with the people of France. The race has been held every year since that time, except during the years of World Wars I and Ⅱ. The Tour de France has developed several special honors for which racers compete. The highest honor is the “yellow jersey.”Henri Desgranges, the founder of the race, introduced the yellow jersey in 1919 to show the leading racer each day of the Tour de France. Each day, the officials who keep track of the all of the rider’s times compare each rider’s total time up to that point. The racer with the lowest overall time wears the yellow jersey during the following day’s