真实条件句
Part I
真实条件句表示在条件句从句假设的动作客观真实发生的情况下，主句动作的反馈真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。
时态关系：
（1）当主句为一般将来时，条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。
如：We shall go outing when you finish your holiday homework.
（2）当主句为过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如：I would not go with you if it rained the next day.
(3)现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
如：Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.
(4)当主句为一般将来时，由as soon as, after, before ,till/untill, when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完
成体表示将来完成的动作。
如：I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.
句型：条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
表示在条件句从句假设的动作客观未发生，只是主观虚拟这个动作发生的情况下[所谓与事实相反]，主句动作的反馈
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
反义疑问
1.陈述句用I am 结构，疑问部分用aren’t I? ain’t I? 或am I not (正式)
Eg: I am a middle- school student, am I not?
2.陈述句谓语动词含有have to had to 时，疑问部分用DO
Eg: We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
3.当陈述句中的主语为anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one,
these those 时，反义疑问句中的主语用they 否定意义的词Little hardly seldom rarely 等反义疑问要用肯定式。
Eg：no one wants to go, do they?
Everybody has arrived haven’t they?
陈述句主语用SUCH 时，反义疑问句的主语单数用it, 复数用they
Eg: Such is his trick,isn’t it ?
Such are your excuses, aren’t they?
4.陈述句中的谓语动词时表示愿望的WISH 时，反义疑问句用may
Eg: I wish to go home now, may I ?
两种特殊情况： 1. 陈述句中含有副词only时，反义疑问句用否定式或肯定式均可。
Eg：there were only ten people present, weren’t / were there?
2. 含有I 的两人用we.
Eg: you and I drew the plan, didn’t we?
两个既然
1.since（既然）introducing known reason
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用since
例：Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
2. now that（由于…，既然…）,obvious reason.
突出事件性，表突发情况，用now that，that可省略.
Nowthat you are busy, let me do it for you.
Such as 特别用法
1.用于such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果
状语。如：
Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必担心。
The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。
2.有时such as 整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。
3.表示“像……这样的”，其中的as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不
要按汉语意思把该结构中的as 换成like。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。
Such men as he (is) are rare now. 现在像他这样的人很少了。
独立主格结构
常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
4.名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
5.逻辑主语+分词完成式或分词完成被动式。表示先完成的主动意义
The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields.
So much money having been wasted, he will be punished.
alter convert transform shift
alter: 修改，变动。指局部的、表面的小变化。如：alter a suit 改动衣服的尺寸。
convert: 使改变，转变。指从一种形式、用途等转变为另一种。如：convert forests into farmlands 把森林变成耕地。
transform: 使变形，使改观。指事物在形状上的变化。如：transform the society 改变社会。
shift: 强调位置、地点、方向上的变化。如：shift one’s position 改变立场。
真实条件句,虚拟语气.
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
if非真实条件句
1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt. A. would win B. might have won C. will win D, could win 2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A. Jack has known B. If Jack known C. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known 4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is. A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do 5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeeded C. would have succeeded D. would not have succeeded 6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster. A. will amount to B. amounted to C. would have amounted to D. would amount to 7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do 8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness. A. had given B. gave C. should have given D. must have given 9. Any man in his position ___ like that. A. have done B. would have done C. would be done D. would be doing 10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair. A. would not take B. didn’t take C. hadn’t taken D. wouldn’t have taken 12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
真实条件句与虚拟条件句练习
I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. — What will you do if it (rain) tomorrow —We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. 2. If I had been you then, I him. (not quarrel) with 3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would be very happy. 4. If I asked him, I’m sure he (help) me. 5. If I’d left sooner, I (be) on time. Ⅱ. 单项填空：真实条件句和虚拟条件句的用法比较。 1. ① If he in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned ② If he in a day or two, I will wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned 2. ① If I time, I a chat with you soon. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had ② If I time last night, I a chat with you. A. have; will have B. had; will have C. had had; would have had D. have had; would have had 3. ① If it this afternoon, we’ll put off the sports meet. A. rain B. rains C. rained D. will rain ② If it even a drop this spring, we would have had a better harvest. A. rained B. rains C. had rained D. have rained 参考答案： Ⅰ. 1. rains 2. wouldn’t have quarrelled 3. saw / should see / were to see 4. would help 5. would have been Ⅱ. 1. ① C; ② A 2. ① A; ② C 3. ① B; ② C Tom, let's go to the cinema this Saturday evening. Sorry, Jack, I can't. Why not I am grounded this weekend. If I go, my father will get mad at me. Why I told him that I failed in the English exam yesterday, so I must study at home for the weekend. Well, if you hadn't told him, he wouldn't have known it. No, Jack, he likes to call my teachers. If he had found it out by himself, I would
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen h is old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my stud ents. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句.
Unit 4 一. if 条件句 if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，能够实现的情况。在这种情况下，主句和从句的谓语动语随各自的人称和时态发生变化，同时if条件句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们去野餐。 如果if条件句用来描述说话人认为与事实相反的内容，或仅是一种愿望，假设、猜测等，我们称为虚拟条件句。 If I got rich , I would travel around the world. 如果我有钱了，我将周游全世界。 二.虚拟语气 区分条件从句主句例句 ★与现在事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were）… 主语+would/should/could/ might+动词原形… If I were rich, I would buy a big house. 如果我 有钱，我将买一所大房 子。 与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ 过去分词… 主语 +would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词… If I had read this article earlier, I would not have made this kind of mistake.如果我早读过这 篇文章，我就不会犯这 样的错误了。 与将来事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were） /should+动词 原形/were to+ 动词原形… 主语 +would/should/could/might+动 词原形… If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明 天下雨，比赛就会被推 迟。
(完整版)if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。 假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形
①与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
真实条件句和非真实条件句
真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。例如： If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【详解】 条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由if来引导，作“如果……，那么……”讲。 注：当连词if作“是否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。 ( ) 1. —I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010山东莱芜） —Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before ( ) 2. I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it ______, we won’t go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain ( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _______ we don’t protect the earth. （2010上海） A. until B. before C. though D. if 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. We will stay at home if my aunt ______ to visit us tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming ( ) 2. —Do you know if he ______ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be ( ) 3. You will keep healthy ______ you do more exercise, such as running and swimming. A. if B. how C. before D. where Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。 4. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。 We will go to the zoo ______ ______ ______ ______ tomorrow. 5. 如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, let’s go to play chess. 6. 如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。 If everyone protects the environment, the world ______ ______ ______ ______. 二、非真实条件句: 也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其具体形式如下： 时间概念条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词 与现在事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+do 与过去事实相反had done/been would(could/should/might)+have done 与将来事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+ do should do were to do
if真实条件句语法及练习
一．一般现在时 1. 1含be动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 2.谓语动词的构成：am / is / are 3.句型： 1). 肯定句：主语＋be动词＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 句末加实心点。 2). 否定句：主语＋be动词＋not ＋其他。 注意：句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 在be动词后面加not ; 句末加实心点。 3). 一般疑问句：Be动词＋主语＋其他 注意：把be动词提前; 句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; 第一人称改为第二人称;④句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋be 动词。 否定回答：No, 主语＋be 动词＋not. 4).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 含实义动词的一般现在时 1.含义：表示现在的事实或状态表示现在的习惯或反复的动作 2.谓语动词的构成：do/does 3.动词的第三人称单数形式的变化形式（动词的适当形式） 一般情况下，直接在动词后面加s。例：want - wants 以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加es。例：wash - washes ; go - goes; do - does 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es。例：try - tries 4.句型： 肯定句: 主语＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋动词的适当形式＋其他。（主语是三单） 否定句: 主语＋do＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单） 主语＋does＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语是三单） 一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语非三单） 肯定回答:Yes, 主语＋do. 否定回答:No, 主语+do+not. Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语是三单） 肯定回答：Yes,主语+does. 否定回答: No, 主语＋does＋not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 二、
if条件句和should的用法
If 引导条件句的用法 1、真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
必修2 If真实条件句与虚拟条件句
If真实条件句与虚拟条件句 真实条件句与虚拟条件句 1.真实条件句 真实条件句是指主句中的某一动作或状态是在真实情况下或有可能实现的情形下发生的。在表示真实条件句的复合句中，表条件的状语从句和表结果的主句的谓语都用陈述语气。 * If you come back late, your mother will worry about you. 如果你回来晚了，你妈妈会担心的。（if引导真实条件句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来） * If your suggestion is rejected, they will let you know. 如果你的建议遭到拒绝，他们会让你知道的。（if引导真实条件句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来） 2.虚拟条件句 （1）虚拟条件句指的是与事实相反或不太可能实现的事。在表示非真实条件的复合句中，表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主语的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
* If I were you, I would focus my attention on looking after my elderly parents. 如果我是你，我会把注意力集中在照顾年迈的父母上。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反，主句谓语动词用would do,从句谓语动词用过去式，be用were） * If he had got up a little earier, he wouldn’t have been late. 如果他早一点起床，他就不会迟到了。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与过去事实相反，主句用谓语动词would have done,从句谓语动词用had done） * If he should come(were to come/came)tomorrow, I would treat him to dinner. 如果他明天来，我就请他吃饭。（if引导虚拟条件句，叙述与将来事实相反，主句谓语动词用would do,从句谓语动词有三种形式：should do, were to do, 过去式） 当条件状语从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，这种虚拟条件句称之为错综复杂虚拟条件句。往往是主句叙述与现在事实相反，谓语动词用would/should/might/could do,而从句叙述与过去事实相反，
If引导非真实条件句(虚拟语气)语法教学设计
If引导非真实条件句（虚拟语气）语法教学设计 一、课型分析 虚拟语气这一语法项目比较复杂繁多，在高考题型中都有可能会涉及到，是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点，掌握好虚拟语气对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。本节课主要是讲解if引导的非真实条件句。 1.什么是虚拟语气即虚拟语气的概念。 2.掌握if引导虚拟语气的语法规则。 二、学情分析 虽然所任教的班级是实验班，但大部分学生英语学习习惯差，语法知识混乱，甚至一部分学生学习英语困难，基础知识不扎实，在实际做题时常常无从下手，不能灵活运用。 三、教学目标 1. 掌握if引导虚拟语气语法的基本规则,能解决有关虚拟语气的习题。 2. 通过教师讲解引导，学生能完成相应的练习 3. 通过教师主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣，体验成就感。 四、教学重难点 1.教学重点：了解和掌握if引导虚拟语气语法项目的基本规则。 2.教学难点：能运用语法规则去完成各种练习，并在实际语言活动中去灵活应用，培 养学生的语言运用能力和英语思维。 五、教学方法 情景教学法、任务型教学法 六、教学手段 多媒体辅助教学 七、教学过程 step1. Leading in Enjoy the lis t poem “Our first football match”. (Book 6Unit2) （通过复习这首诗，让学生了解虚拟语气的基本概念，引出if引导的非真实条件句）step2. Presenting Suppose three conditions of present, past and future sentences. First condition: 1. If I won (win) the lottery, I would travel (travel) around the world. 2. If my daughter weren’t busy, she would go to the concert of XueZhiqian. Second condition: 共4页第1页共4页第2页
16 if 引导的真实条件句
if 引导的真实条件句 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。 句式为（if + 从句，+主句）。中文意思是“如果某事发生（或不发生），另一事就（不）发生”。 主句：即句子的主体,能单独使用或出现的句子 从句:是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分 主将从现：主句将来时（一般将来时、将来进行、祈使句），从句现在时（一般现在、现在进行、现在完成） 祈使句表示对别人将来的请求、命令、建议等等 祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾，也可以不用语气词。 祈使句无主语, 主语常省去。 真实条件句
1. if从句和主句都用一般现在时，表示客观真理或习惯和持续发生的事情。如： If the moon goes near the earth, the tide [taid] goes high. 如果月亮离地球距离近，潮水就高。 2. if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，表示从句中的动作如果发生，那么主句中的动作也将发生。如： If it stops raining later this afternoon, we will eat out. 如果今天下午晚些时候雨能停，我们就出去吃饭。 3. if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句，表示给某人提建议或命令某人做某事，及提出建议或请求。如： If you are not likely [?laikli] 可能的to be in town, please let me know. 如果你不可能在城里，请让我知道。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. 2）表示真理时，主句不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
虚拟语气-if引导的非真实条件句
虚拟语气-if引导的非真实条件句 1. 真是条件句和非真实条件句 一般而言，虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中是考生们最常见、最常考到的虚拟语气语法点。此种虚拟语气形式也就本课件特定讲解的“if引导的非真实条件句之虚拟语气”。 再讨论此类虚拟语气之前，有必要说明一点：并非所有包含“if引导的非真实条件”从句的句子都是虚拟语气句子。在英语中，虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。因此要判断类似句子是不是虚拟语气，通常的标准是：假设条件不符合客观事实或者实现的可能性极其微小的，通常就是虚拟语气；反之则不是。请理解区别以下句子： (1)If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真 实) (2)If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） 2. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 1) if假设的条件与现在事实相反或不可能发生。则条件状语从句用一般过去时（任何be动词的原来形式一律改用were），主句用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。请理解以下句子： (1) If I were you, I would work hard. (2) If we had time, we could play the game again. 2) if假设的条件与过去事实相反或不可能发生。则条件状语从句用“had+过去分词主句”，主句用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。请理解以下句子： (1) If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam. (2) If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you. 3) if假设的条件与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①
含if的真实条件句和虚拟条件句
一、含if的真实条件句和虚拟条件句 1、在英语中，语气是动词的一种形式，用来表示说话人的意图或态度。 英语的语气有三种：陈述语气（表示所说的话是事实），祈使语气（表示所说的话是请求或命令）和虚拟语气（表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望或假设或建议等）。 如果所表示的条件是真实的，或者完全有可能实现的，叫真实条件句，主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气。 2、在含有were, had, 或者should 等词的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if, 将were, had或者should这些助动词放在句首。 二、被动语态 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2）has /have been done 现在完成时 3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4）was/were done 一般过去时 5）had been done 过去完成时 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 7）shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时 8）should/would be done/was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done过去将来时 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 3、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1）.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。