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新视野大学英语读写教程(第三版)第二册课文语法讲解-Unit5

新视野三版读写 B2 U5 Text A

Spend or save — The student's dilemma

1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "Should

I spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The

government tel s us to spend or we'l never get out of the recession. At the

same time, they tel us that unless we save more, our country is

in grave danger.Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend

more.

2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bil on time,

we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying

something like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'l

be in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a fol ow-up email in a

charming tone tel ing us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us

to resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble

or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.

3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with

each other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. You

need this!" The other we could cal an "upright" message, which urges us,

"Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us from

many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring

to "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone

desires are core American values that have made our country great. *4 B ut the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we

look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on

buses, trains and subways.Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are

constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone

recently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your

bed asleep!"

5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American wil have

seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one mil ion. Each

advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions,

from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we wil use for our

vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we

don't remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message

is cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. You

should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it -

now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend to

myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and

feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'l buy

new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I've

always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."

6 What happens as we take in these contradictory

but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences

of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more

things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive

pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside

us echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, take stock of your life, don't let

your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fal into debt.

Wait! Retain control over your own life. It wil make you stronger."

7 Anyway, many of the skil s you need as a successful student can be applied

to your finances. Consider your financial wel -beings a key ingredient of your

university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on

your prime objective: successful y completing your education.

*8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools,

community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy

classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or

seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and

find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most

importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let

your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it

spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.

9 Al this wil help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn

to balance spending and saving, you wil become the captain of your own ship,

steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.

Language Points：

1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, ―Should I

spend or should I save?‖ (Para. 1)

Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzled

and control ed as I do?

Meaning beyond words:According to the conventional concept, we are the master or

the boss of the money we have earned

. It is up to us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hint

that we are actual y no longer in control of our money.

2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common

sense and contradict each other. (Para. 1)

Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we get in our daily life about the question “Should

I spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often don’t agree with

each other.

Usage note: defy, deny

defy 和deny 都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。

1 defy 主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny 主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接

名词或 that 引导的从句。

*Nearly 11 thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. 近一

万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。

The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the

*president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。

2 defy 后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；deny 表示“否

认；拒绝承认”时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。

*I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current prime minister. 我倒

要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。

He denied doing anything il egal. 他否认做过任何违法的事。

3 The government tells us to spend or we’ll never get out of the recession. (Para. 1)

Meaning beyond words:To help the country recover from the economic recession, the

government is encouraging people to spend, which will help stimulate production, job

markets and bank liquidity.

4 At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave

danger. (Para.1)

Meaning:Meanwhile, they warn us that if we don't save more money the economic

recession wil grow and severely harm our country.

Usage note: unless

1 unless 作连词，表示“除非… ；如果不…”，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果某个条件不出

现，某件事就不会进行”。使用unless 时必须留意从句中动词的时态。虽然 unless 所说的

条件都是未出现或未发生的，但必须用一般现在时或过去时，不能用表示将来的时态。例如：

*I will not go to Beijing unless the company pays for the trip.

如果公司不支付旅费，我不会

去北京。（不能用 wil pay）

She wouldn’t do that unless I allowed her. 如果我不允许，她不会去做那件事。（不能用

would allow）

*She wil keep on singing unless she is told to stop.

她会一直唱下去，除非有人叫她停止。

（不能用 wil be told）

She would not come to work as before unless her mother’s health condition turned for the

*better.

她不会像以前那样来上班了，除非她母亲的病情好转。（不能用 would turn）

2 unless 和if … not 都可以引导条件状语从句，但适用情况不同，很容易混淆，要注意区别。

指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况用

unless；如果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用if … not。

可以说If you weren’t always in such a hurry, your work would be much better。不说 Your

work would be much better unless you were always in such a hurry。见更多例句：

Unless they get protection, they will not testify. (= If they do not get protection, they will not

*testify.) 如果得不到保证，他们不会作证的。

*I would go out if it wasn’t raining. (= But it is raining, so I am not going out.) 要是不下雨，

我就出去了。

5 Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks

send us credit card offers so we can spend more. (Para. 1) Meaning beyond words:Here is the “spend or save” paradox. On one hand, the

government tells us to spend, and, on the other hand, they want us to save more. While

the banks offer high interest rates to attract us to deposit money, they send us credit cards

to encourage us to spend.

6 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we

get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like:

―Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!‖ (Para.

Meaning: If we fail to pay our credit card bil on time, the credit card company will send us

harsh and unfriendly email messages to warn us that either we pay at once or we'l get

penalties.

Sentence structure note:祈使句+ or/and +陈述句

1 “祈使句+ or +陈述句”结构表示“…否则…”，其中，or 还可以换成 and，表达的意思发生相

应的变化，表示“如果…，就…”。对连词or 或者and 的选择，主要根据相应连词前后句表

达的意义，如果前后句有转折关系，就用

or，一般表达一种负面的结果；如果前后句表示

意义顺承，无转折关系，就用 and。例如：

*Listen to the teacher careful y in class, or you can’t catch what he is saying. 上课时要仔细

听老师讲课，否则你就无法了解他在说什么。

*Walk down our street, and you’l see kids playing.

你要是走上街头，就会看到孩子们在玩

耍。

2 在“祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构中；陈述句通常用将来时态, 即“wil +动词原形”，也可用

情态动词can，may 等。但通常不能用一般现在时或现在进行时。例如：

*Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study.

努力吧，你会在学业上突飞猛

进的。

*Fol ow the advice of the doctor, or you won’t be well very soon.

遵从医生的叮嘱，否则你的身体就不会很快好起来。

3 “祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构可与if 引导的条件状语从句互换。例如:

*Get up quickly, or you will be late. (= If you don’t get up quickly, you will be late.) 快点起

床，不然你会迟到的。

Work hard, and you will pass the exam. (= If you work hard, you wil pass the exam.) 如果

你努力学习，你就会通过考试。

4“祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构中，祈使句有时可以省略动词。例如：

Make more effort, or you won’t be successful. (= More effort, or you won’t be successful.)

如果不多些努力，你就不会成功。

Give me one more hour, and I’l get the work finished. (= One more hour, and I’l get the

*work finished.) 再给我一个小时，我就能把工作做完。

7 Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us

how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending. (Para. 2)

Meaning: To lure us into more spending, once our credit card bil is paid, a fol ow-up

email in an entirely different tone wil be sent to us, claiming that we are valuable

customers.

Note:The word resume can be used either as a transitive or intransitive verb. As a

transitive verb, it may be fol owed by a noun or a v.-ing form.

8 Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer?

The gap between these two messages is enormous. (Para. 2) Meaning beyond words:As there is such a huge difference between the two email

messages, we feel confused about who we are: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued

customer?

9 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each

other. (Para. 3)

Meaning:The contradiction is that every day we get two sets of messages disagreeing

with each other.

10 One is the ―permissive‖ perspective, ―Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!‖

(Para. 3)

Meaning:One reflects a viewpoint of tolerance, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!”

Note: The word permissive is an adjective, a derivative from permit. Being “permissive”

implies a very easy and too relaxed position on something and usual y lacks good

judgment. For example:

They were permissive parents and their children grew up to be spoiled and il -behaving

*adults.

他们是太过放任的父母，他们的孩子长大后会变成被宠坏

、行为举止欠妥的成年人。

Usage note: permissive, tolerant

The synonym of permissive is tolerant, but tolerant is positive in meaning. Permissive carries a negative connotation. Tolerant implies good judgment with

a right balance of perspective or actions. For example:

The employee’s tol erant position on the differences in working style meant that the team

*performed well.

员工对工作作风的差异持宽容的立场意味着这个团队表现出色。

11 The other we could call an ―upright‖ message, which urges us, ―Work hard and

save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than

you truly need.‖ (Para. 3)

Meaning:We could cal the other one an “honest” message, which advises us to work

hard and save money, stop having too many desires, avoid spending too much, and limit

our purchases to what we real y need.

Usage note: urge, persuade

1 从词义上说，urge 的基本意思是“力劝；敦促”，引申可表示“强烈要求”等，比较

正式；

persuade

主要表示“说服；劝说”，指通过劝说、感情交流等使对方做劝说者所希望的事。

urge 语气强，但不一定“力劝；敦促”成功；persuade 语气不如urge 强，但强调不仅“劝”，

而且使之“服”。例如：

*We will urge them to adhere to the Paris Agreement.

我们将敦促他们遵守《巴黎协议》。

*My husband persuaded me to come. 我丈夫劝我来的。

*2 从用法上说，urge 和persuade 都可用作及物动词。urge 可用于 urge sb. to do sth. 结构，

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新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, tho ugh in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f14004419.html,petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of l earning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even

新视野大学英语读写教程1答案(全)精编版

新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 1答案 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果

(完整word版)(第三版)新视野大学英语读写教程1答案

Unite 1 1.选词填空 explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为···所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设) confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) comprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的) 1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school. 2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep. 3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared. 4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable. 5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability. 6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population. 8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population. 9. Sam inherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action. 10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey. 2.15选10 attain赢得，获得，得到 fascinating迷人的，吸引人fulfill履行，执行pursue追求，致力于 available可获得的可利用的 qualify使合适，合格raise提升，增加 passion强烈的爱好，热爱 virtually实际上classify分类归类 acquire获得，取得，学到 fashionable流行的especially特别的 sample样品，标本 prosperous繁荣的University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2)passion for learning, those who wish to (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4)pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the

(第三版)新视野大学英语读写教程1答案

新视野读写教程 3 第三单元答案

U3 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words In Action 1.1) inform 2) evaluate 3) attractive 4) depression 5) leisure 6) Collective 7) decreased 8) spiritual 9) religious 10) temporary 11) scales 12) cultivate 13) suggests 14) purchase 15) inevitable 16) enable 17) reinforced 18) comparison 19) occupations 20) destructive 2.1) work out 2) have a clear conscience 3) other than 4) fact of life 5) as a whole 6) relative to 7) point of view 8) in terms of 9) in part 10) took pains 11) in effect 12) serve as 13) Leave…with 14) wore out 15) better off 16) has a great deal to do with 17) from…derives Increasing Your Word Power 1. 1) 反攻，反击2）反要求；反诉3）对策；对付措施4）对应的人（物），对手5）产生相反效果的6）抗癌的7）防冻剂8）防污染的9）反对吸烟的10）不合群的；反社会的 2.1) decrease 2) ranking 3) concept 4) suggest 5) central, key 6) way, pattern 7) aim, goal, end 8) buy 9) seek 10) norm, criterion 11) position 12) total, amount 13) short-term 14) honest 15) sort 16) inevitable 3.1) total 2) current 3) ideal 4) relatives 5) alternative 6) objectives 7) individual 8) maximum Grammar Review 1.1) was the law 2) could he free himself from feelings of guilt 3) will he now 4) have I faced so difficult a choice 5) are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo 6) had we started lunch when the doorbell rang 7) she told me did I realize the mistake I had made 8) can you buy shoes like that 9) did he protest 10) I known what was going to happen 2.1) Your picture/ painting is far/much more beautiful. 2) If only I could do half as well as you (have done). 3) The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year. 4) We had to do more work for less money. 5) While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer. Cloze 1)whole 2) However 3) part 4) In effect 5) derived 6) purchased 7) better off 8) take pains 9) necessarily 10) to do 11) comparison 12) relative 13) inevitable 14) serve 15) seek Translation 1.1) For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate/ explain/ interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view. 2) When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to