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2015英语中考备考考点分析(五)介词

2015英语中考备课专题复习

考点分析训练（五）介词

第一讲考点分析

【考点1】about与on

【考点精析】词义辨析，用于单选、完形中。

about 和on用作介词时都可作“关于”解。在涉及文章、书籍、谈话、演说、报告等有关内容时,两者可通用。

a book on/about the radio (一本关于无线电的书)。

不同点：about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容也较为普通；而on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较严肃，着重于知识的深度。

I heard him talk about Chinese medicine last night.(泛谈)

I heard him talk on Chinese medicine last night.(有系统地谈)

It is a book on birds.(可能是一本学术著作)

It is a book about birds.(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)

【注】learn about,read about,quarrel about,hear about,story about 等短语一般不涉及知识的深度,所以不能用on代替about。

【拓展】about还可用作副词，意为“大约；到处；四处”，相当于around。如：look about/around 四处看，环顾；walk around/about；到处走走；on也可用作副词，与动词连用，表示动作的重复或继续进行。如：go on继续（走）；work on继续工作；walk on and on不停地走。【考点2】above，over，on

【考点精析】这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。

例如：There is a book on the desk.

I raise my right hand above my head.

There is a stone bridge over the river.

above的反义词为below；over的反义词为under；on的反义词为beneath。

【精讲精练】

【2013江苏无锡】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays

zero.

A.up

B.down

C.above

D.below

【答案】C

【考点3】across,through,over与past

【考点精析】单选、完形中考查词义辨析。

across,through,over与past都表示“穿过，通过，经过”的意思，但用法不同。

through 是在物体内部穿过；across是横穿物体表面，还指从某一方位的一边到另一边，比如过马路；over是指在物体正上方过去，并且不与物体接触;past指从某物旁边经过。

We walk through the crowds and met him in the corner.（穿过）

He swam across the river.（横过）

Jack jumped over the wall just now.（越过）

He walked past me without saying “hello”.（经过）

【拓展】cross 是动词，后面可以直接跟宾语，比如cross the bridge = go across the bridge。【精讲精练】

【2013四川内江】The old man is a good swimmer,and even now he often swims

Tuojiang River after supper.

A.over

B.through

C.to

D.across

【答案】D

【考点4】at table，at the table

【考点精析】词义辨析,用于单选、完形及英汉互译中考查。

at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：

The Greens are at table.（在吃饭）

Mr.Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.（在桌旁）

【拓展】类似表达法：

in hospital意为“住院”；in the hospital的意思则是“在医院”，可能是到医院工作，可能是看护病人。

He is ill in hospital.（生病住院）

In the hospital,the woman finds her husband.（在医院里）21*cnjy*com

【考点5】as 与like

【考点精析】词义辨析,用于单选、完形中考查。

as 与like均可用作介词，都有“像”的意思，但侧重意义不同。

as意为“作为，当作”，表示以某种身份，侧重两者的同一性；like意为“像，跟……一样”，表示以与……相类似的方式，侧重两者的比较。试比较：

She spoke as a teacher at the meeting.（作为教师）

She spoke like a teacher at the meeting.（像教师一样）

【注】当as和like作“例如”解时，通常可以互换，相当于such as。如：

I bought a lot of things,like books and clothes.

Some animals,as dogs and cats,eat meat.

【精讲精练】

【2014江西南昌】Also,if you touch your nose or eyes after touching something that has

bacteria on it, a door or your desk at school,you can get sick.

A.like

B.on

C.behind

D.with

【答案】A

【考点6】at，in，on在时间表示上的区别

at 时间上的一个点、时刻They came home at midnight/at ten o’clock.

较短的一段时间He went home at night.

in 较长的一段时间in 2004,in March,in spring,in the morning/afternoon/evening 谓语动词为瞬间动词，表

He will arrive in two hours/in a few minutes.

示“在……以后”

谓语动词为延续动词，表

These products will be produced in a month/in two days.

示“在……以内”

on 具体的时日，如某日，星on May 4th，on Friday

期几

He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.

在某个特定的早晨、下午

或晚上

在表示节日上的特殊性：

on 节日若是day,表示具体某天，一般用on on Christmas Day,on Christmas’Eve,on

Children’s Day

具体到某天的某段时间也用on on the morning of New Year’s Day

at festival一般是at，而at Christmas是个特例at Spring Festival,at Christmas

【2014四川来宾】—When is Jay’s concert?

—It’s three o’clock the afternoon.

A.at;in

B.at;on

C.in;in

D.on;in

【答案】A

【考点7】at the end of,by the end of,to the end,in the end https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6814222190.html,

【考点精析】词义和用法辨析,用于单选、完形及英汉互译中考查。

at the end of 可表示时间，也可表示地点，“在……末（底）”、“在……末端（尽头）”，常与

一般过去时或一般将来时连用。

by the end of 仅表示时间，指“在……前”、“到……为止”，是指某一时间点以前或到某一

时间点为止，强调的是状态或结果，而不是行为，常与完成时连用。

to the end常与运动性或持续性动词连用，表示“到（某一）终点为止”，指地点，也可指时

间。

in the end后不接任何成分，表示“最后，终于”，相当于at last,finally。

We had a class meeting at the end of last week.（上周末）

By the end of this term we has learned sixteen units.（到这个学期为止）

We should go on with the work to the end.（进行到底）

They won the game in the end.（最终）

【精讲精练】

【2013山东威海】—Excuse me.Could you tell me the way to the People’s Hospital?

—Walk along this street the end and you’ll find it.

A.in

B.to

C.by

D.at

【答案】B

【考点8】be/lie in,be/lie on与be/lie to

【考点精析】单选、完形中考查词义辨析和介词搭配。

A lies in the… of

B A lies on the… of B A lies to the… of B

例如：

Shanghai is in the east of China.

Japan is to the east of China.

Shanghai is on the east of Jiangsu.

【精讲精练】

【2014天津】Cambridge is a small city the east of England.

A.between

B.with

C.in

D.under

【答案】C

【考点9】between与among

【考点精析】单选、完形中考查词义辨析。

between与among都表示“在……之间”。

between指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上之间。

What’s the difference between the two words?

They hid themselves among the trees.

【拓展】下列情况between可用于三者，且不能与among互换。

（1）三者或三者以上的人或物用and连接时，即：between A,B and C。

Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany.

（2）对于三者或三者以上的人或物，若要表示在每两者之间(即彼此之间)时。

Don’t eat anything between meals.

（3）指事物间的区别或彼此间的关系时。

Do you know the difference between the three?

【拓展】我们通常在课间散会儿步。

（误）We usually take a walk among classes.

（正）We usually take a walk between classes.

【拓展】during用作介词时意为“在……期间；在……过程中”，主要表示“在某一段时间之内”。

【精讲精练】

【2014浙江杭州】They usually go shopping their lunch break.

A.against

B.among

C.between

D.during 【答案】D

【考点10】by bus/plane/subway与on foot

【考点精析】交通方式的表达，常见于单选、完形中。

（1）“by+交通工具/路线”。by后的名词前不能带任何限定词。如：by train,by ship,by plane,by bike,by car,by air,by sea,by land等。但是“步行，走路”要用on foot。

例如：Did you travel to school by bike?

He went by air,and sent his heavy boxes by sea.

（2）以上方式可以与“in(on)+修饰词+ 交通工具名词”互换。修饰词包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等。除bike，horseback这类无厢、无舱的用on以外。其他交通工具可用in,也可用on。但在the car前用in最为常见。

by bus = on/in a bus

by car = in a car

【拓展】还可以用“take/ride + a/ the + 交通工具”等交通方式来替换上述句子。其中take/ride 是动词，在句中作谓语。

例如:Tom goes to school by bus every day.=Tom takes the bus to school every day.

【精讲精练】

【2013辽宁锦州】Most of my classmates go to school bike.

A.at

B.by

C.on

D.in

【答案】B

【考点11】except与besides

【考点精析】词义和用法辨析，常见单选、完形中。

except与besides的区别：except表示“除了……之外（不再有……）”，表示的是一种排除的关系；besides表示“除了……之外（还有……）”，表示的是一种累加关系。例如：

I go to school every day except/but Sunday．除了星期天（不上课），我每天都要去上学。

Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him．除了他妻子，他女儿也去看他了。【拓展】besides还可用做副词，意为“此外，还有，而且”，用来补充说明或引出观点。

I don’t want to come out now,and besides,I must work.

我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。

【精讲精练】

【2013贵州遵义】—What language do you also speak English?

—French.But just a little.

A.besides

B.except

C.beside

【答案】A

【考点12】for与against

【考点精析】词义辨析。常用于单选、完形中。

介词for可作“支持，赞成”解，其反义词为against，意为“反对，违背”。例如：Are you for or against the plan？

【拓展】for和against均用作介词，在句子中需和动词连用才能作谓语。例如：All of us are against this plan.我们所有人都反对这个计划。

【精讲精练】

【2014湖北鄂州】—She sold her treasures to cure her mother’s illness,even though it was

her own wishes.

—It’s so kind her.

A.against;of

B.above;of

C.on;for

D.for;for 【答案】A

【考点13】in 与after

【考点精析】词义和用法辨析，用于单选、完形中。

介词in 和after均可以用来表示“在……（时间）之后”，但它们在含义上、用法上有所区别。

in常用于将来时态的肯定句中，表示从现在起向后延“一段时间”之后，或“在某一段时间里”。

The bus will arrive here in half an hour.

after用于将来时态句子中则表示“在某一时间点之后”，或“在某一具体事件之后”。The basketball match is going to be after two o’clock this afternoon.21*cnjy*com

【拓展】在过去时态的句子中，after既可接时间点，又可接时间段。表示“在某一时间点之后”或“在某一段时间之后”。例如：

He left there after two o’clock that afternoon．

He came here again after five days.

【精讲精练】

【2014安徽】the exam,we’ll say good bye to our dear teachers,classmates as well as our beautiful school.

A.In

B.For

C.After

D.Through

【答案】C

【考点14】in 与with

【考点精析】用法辨析，常见于单选、完形中。

with 用（工具）They are painting with a Chinese brush.

in 用（语言、声音和材料等）I don’t know how to say this in Chinese.

【2014·河北】You see,Kevin is writing his left hand.

A.at

B.as

C.for

D.with

【答案】D

【考点15】in front of,in the front of与before

【考点精析】词义辨析，常见于单选、完形和英汉互译中。

in front of在……的前面，指某一范围以外的前面。

at/in the front of…在……的前面，指某一范围以内的前面。

before通常表示“在……之前”，既可指时间，也可指位置。指位置时，相当于in front of。

Miss Gao is standing at/in the front of the classroom.

There is a tall tree in front of/before the house.

I must go back home before 10:00 o’clock.

【精讲精练】

【2012广东】—Why are you standing,Alice?

—I can’t see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting me.

A.behind

B.next to

C.between

D.in front of

【答案】D

【考点16】in the future与in future

【考点精析】词义辨析，用于单选、完形,英汉互译中考查。

in future相当于from now on 今后,从今以后；in the future在将来。

“I hope they’ll be more cautious in future,”he said.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】

The boy wants to become a teacher in the future.

【考点17】in the tree，on the tree

【考点精析】词义辨析，常见于单选、完形、英汉互译中。

in the tree 与on the tree译成中文均为“在树上”，但英语中有区别。in the tree表示不属于树本身生长出的东西在树上，on the tree表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上。

There are some apples on the tree.

There is a bird in the tree.

【考点18】in time与on time

【考点精析】词义辨析，常见单选、完形、英汉互译中。

in time有“及时”的意思,意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候;on time是“准时;按时”之意。

We caught the bus in time this morning.

All the students arrived at school on time.

【精讲精练】

【2013湖北黄石】The teachers hope all of us can hand our homework

time every day.

A.up;in

B.out;on

C.on;in

D.in;on

【答案】D

【考点19】since与for

【考点精析】词义和用法辨析，常用于单选、完形中。

（1）for 表示时间的持续，后面接时间段，意为“达……，计……”，可用于多种时态；since 表示“自从（过去某一时间以来）”，后面接点时间，强调动作或状态一直延续到现在，多用于完成时态中。两者在使用时要求句中的谓语需用延续性动词。例如：

I stayed in the countryside for a few days last month.

We have worked in this city since 1990.

（2）since和for引导的时间状语用在完成时态中时，可以相互转化。

Mr.Smith has lived in China for three years.

= Mr.Smith has lived in China since three years ago.

【拓展】since 作“自从……”解时，还可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句（从句多用一般过去时态）。21·cn·jy·com

—How long have you worked here since you came to this city?

—For about 10 years.

【巧学妙记】since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

【精讲精练】

【2014四川绵阳】—How long have you stayed in this hotel?

—Not long，just this Monday.

A.from

B.since

C.for

D.on

【答案】B

【考点20】such as 与for example

【考点精析】词义和用法辨析，常用于单选、完形及英汉互译中。

这两个短语都可以表示“例如”，但含义及用法不同。

for example强调“举例”说明，用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：

There are many kinds of pollution,for example,noise is a kind of pollution.

He，for example，is a good student.

such as用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。例如：

He has been to many countries,such as America,Japan and Germany.

【拓展】(1)such as一般不宜与and so on连用。

(2)对前面的复数名词部分起列举作用，一般不全部列出。若全部列出，要用namely。

（误）He knows four languages,such as Chinese,English,French and German.

（正）He knows four languages,namely,Chinese,English,French and German.

【考点21】with与without

【考点精析】基本用法和词形转换。

with用作介词时意为“有；带有，伴有”，作此解时，与without互为反义词。

without意为“没有”。例如：

We’ll have one room with a bathroom.

He walked past me without speaking.

We can’t live without water.= We can’t live with no water.（语气更强）

【精讲精练】

【2014山东济宁】Meimei is a beautiful girl big eyes and dark hair.

A.of

B.on

C.at

D.with

【答案】D

第二讲考点检测

一、词语释义

A.before

B.around

C.close to

D.next to

( )2.—Wow,this is my favorite novel,but I couldn’t find it anywhere.How did you find it?

—I only found it by accident.

A.by mistake

B.by all means

C.by heart

D.by chance

( )3.A Walt Disney film is being shown in place of the advertised programme.

A.instead of

B.take place of

C.more than

D.out of

( )4.The car looks nice.Besides,it’s much greener because it uses electricity instead of gas.

A.However

B.What’s more

C.Even though

D.What’s worse ( )5.Where’s Jim? He’s at table.

A.sitting beside the table

B.on the table2-1-c-n-j-y

C.sitting by the table

D.having a meal21教育名师原创作品

( )6.The way I see it,you should practice speaking English as more as you can.

A.How I know it

B.As I know

C.In my opinion

D.I can see it

二、单项填空

( )1.Most people are building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted.

A.for

B.with

C.against

D.beyond

( )2.Today he came to school the school bus,not bike.

A.on;on

B.on;by

C.by;on

D.by;by

( )3.All the people went home Mr.Wang,for he had to finish his work.

A.with

B.besides

C.except

D.by

( )4.No one could know why he did that.

A.like

B.on

C.behind

D.with

( )5.—Where are Diaoyu Islands?

—Look,they are here, the east of China,near Taiwan Province.

A.in

B.near

C.before

D.around

( )6.—I left my keys in the room yesterday.I had to get in the window.

—It’s dangerous to do that.

A.of

B.through

C.over

D.to

( )7. the morning of September 8th,many visitors arrived the train station for a tour.

A.In;at

B.On;to

C.In;in

D.On;at

( )8.—What do you often do classes to relax yourselves?21教育网

—We often do eye exercises,listen to music or do some running around the school.

A.in

B.among

C.between

D.through

( )9.We had learnt more than 3,000 English words last term

A.at the end of

B.by the end of

C.in the end of

D.to the end

( )10.Our teacher often stands us when we do exercises on the playground.

A.in the front of

B.across from

C.between

D.in front of