必修三 Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading知识点

必修三Unit 1 Reading

1.The world ( we live in) is full of natural wonders.

(1)natural wonder 自然奇观

wonder n.奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处

<1> If you wonder about something, you think about it, either because it interests you and you want to know more about it, or because you are worried or suspicious about it.

<2>I wondered what that noise was...

<3>If you wonder at something, you are very surprised about it or think about it in a very surprised way.

<4>He liked to sit and wonder at all that had happened...

If you say that it is a wonder that something happened, you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.

<5>It's a wonder that it took almost ten years...

(2)be full of 充满.......

2.The documentary script below describes the Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.

(1)documentary script 纪录片脚本

(2)describe 描述-description

(3)be home to ...的家园/栖息地

(4)A wide range of .....各种各样的。。。。。

(5)What do you think this script is about judging from the title? 从。。。判断

The tour was judged a great success.

这次巡回演出被认为是大获成功。

She was asked to judge the essay competition.

评价；鉴定；（尤指）批评，指责

What gives you the right to judge other people?

你有什么权利对别人评头论足？

to judge a case

审理案件

3.The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure(大自然的珍宝)

4.Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.

欢迎来到亚马逊森林，这是一片绿色的海洋。

（1）a sea of 大片的，成片的

see a sea of smiling faces 看到一片笑脸

（2）alive with 充满，到处是

The pond was full of frogs. 池塘里都是青蛙。

5.

of the Earth’s ecosystem.

(1)play a role in doing sth

(2)maintain the balance of sth 保持....的微妙平衡

(3)ecosystem生态系统

eco+system 环境的

ecologist 生态学家

ecotourism 生态旅游业

6.（巴西）and Peru（秘

鲁）.

noun1[C]大陆；陆地；洲one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa the continent of Africa非洲大陆

the African continent非洲大陆

the Continent[sing.](BrE)欧洲大陆（不包括英国和爱尔兰）

the main part of the continent of Europe, not including Britain or Ireland

We're going to spend a weekend on the Continent.我们要去欧洲大陆度周末。

7.With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half

(1)With an area of面积为......

(2)倍数表达法：

A+be+倍数+the size/height/weight/length/width/depth of +B

A+be+倍数+比较级+than B

A+be+倍数+as+ 形容词/副词+as

倍数+what

8.The Amazon River, from which the forest gets its name, is about 6400kilometers

around 100kilometers longer than the Yangtze River.

in length 在长度上

9.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. support many different ecosystem 支持很多不同的生态系统

10.They give this area the the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found.

biodiversity生物多样性

biodiversity n. 生物多样性(维持着生态环境平衡的大量各种生物的共存)

11.Of the 390,000 species of plants known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest.

12.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big

enough to lie to lie down on.

13.The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife. noun

1 [U]居所；住处

the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need

Human beings need food, clothing and shelter.

人类有衣、食、住的需求。

2 [U]~ (from sth)

遮蔽，庇护，避难（避雨、躲避危险或攻击）

protection from rain, danger or attack

to take shelter from the storm

躲避暴风雨

The fox was running for the shelter of the trees.

狐狸朝树丛跑，想要躲藏起来。

People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.

人们拼命地找地方躲避炮火。

3 [C](often in compounds 常构成复合词)（尤指用以躲避风雨或攻击的）遮蔽物，庇护处，避难处

a structure built to give protection, especially from the weather or from attack

They built a rough shelter from old pieces of wood.

他们用旧木条搭了一个简陋的窝棚。

an air-raid shelter

防空洞

see also bus shelter

4 [C]（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所，庇护所

a building, usually owned by a charity, that provides a place to stay for people without a home, or protection for people or animals who have been badly treated

a night shelter for the homeless

无家可归者夜间收容所

an animal shelter

动物收容处

14.At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.

15.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.

16.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the sunny treetops many meters above the ground.

towering

[only before noun]

1 高大的；高耸的；屹立的

extremely tall or high and therefore impressive

towering cliffs

高耸的悬崖

2 卓越的；杰出的；出色的

of extremely high quality

a towering performance

出色的表演

3 (of emotions 情感)强烈的；激烈的

extremely strong

a towering rage

勃然大怒

17.Each level of the forest forms its own world, home to all kinds of living things.

adj.

1活着的；活的

alive now

all living things

所有生物

living organisms

活的机体

the finest living pianist

當世的最杰出的钢琴家

2[only before noun]在使用的；在实施的

used or practised now

living languages (= those still spoken)

现用语言

a living faith

仍有人信奉的信仰

18.More than 1300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the Amazon rainforest’s life.

19.This jaguar is an example.

20.Although close to extinction in other areas, jaguars can still survive here.

牛津词典

noun [U] （植物、动物、生活方式等的）灭绝，绝种，消亡

a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing

a tribe threatened with extinction/in danger of extinction

面临消亡威胁/ 有消亡危险的部落

The mountain gorilla is on the verge of extinction .

居住在山区的大猩猩已濒临灭绝。

21.They are only one element of the forest’s food chain.

牛津词典

noun

部分；数量part/amount

1[C]~ (in/of sth)要素；基本部分；典型部分

a necessary or typical part of sth

Cost was a key element in our decision.

价钱是我们决策时考虑的主要因素。

The story has all the elements of a soap opera.

这个故事是非常典型的肥皂剧题材。

Customer relations is an important element of the job.

与客户的关系是这个工作的重要部分。

2[C,usually sing.]~ of surprise, risk, truth, etc.

少量；有点；有些

a small amount of a quality or feeling

We need to preserve the element of surprise.

我们得保留一些使人感到意外的东西。

There appears to be an element of truth in his story.

他的说法似乎有点道理。

集团group of people

3[C,usually pl.]（大团体或社会中的）一组，一群，一伙

a group of people who form a part of a larger group or society

moderate/radical elements within the party

党内的温和派/ 激进派

unruly elements in the school

学校里难管教的人

化学chemistry

4[C]元素（如金、氧、碳）

a simple chemical substance that consists of atoms of only one type and cannot be split by chemical means into a simpler substance. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements . compare compound n. (2)

土；空气；火；水earth/air/fire/water

5[C]要素（旧时认为土、空气、火和水是构成一切物质的四大要素）

one of the four substances: earth, air, fire and water, which people used to believe everything else was made of

天气weather

6the elements[pl.]（尤指恶劣的）天气

the weather, especially bad weather

Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk?

我们要冒着风雨去散步吗？

to be exposed to the elements

经受风吹雨打

基本原理basic principles

7elements[pl.]（学科的）基本原理，基础，纲要

the basic principles of a subject that you have to learn first

同义词：basics

He taught me the elements of map-reading.

他教我看地图的基本方法。

环境environment

8[C,usually sing.]（尤指动物的）自然环境，适宜的环境

a natural or suitable environment, especially for an animal

Water is a fish's natural element.

水是鱼的天然生活环境。

电器元件electrical part

9[C]电热元件；电热丝

the part of a piece of electrical equipment that gives out heat

The kettle needs a new element.

这个电壶需要一根新电热丝。

22.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.

23.These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and seeds.

24.When jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.

PHRASAL VERB （机器或车辆）出毛病，损坏

If a machine or a vehicle breaks down, it stops working.

Their car broke down.

他们的车子出故障了。

2 PHRASAL VERB （讨论、关系或系统）失败，破裂，失灵

If a discussion, relationship, or system breaks down, it fails because of a problem or disagreement.

Talks with business leaders broke down last night...

昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。

3

PHRASAL VERB 分解；将…分成若干部分

To break down something such as an idea or statement means to separate it into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with.

The report breaks down the results region by region...

报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。

4 PHRASAL VERB-ERG （使）（物质）分解

When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down, a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.

Over time, the protein in the eggshell breaks down into its constituent amino acids...

时间久了，蛋壳中的蛋白质就会分解为其构成成分氨基酸。

5PHRASAL VERB 感情失控（痛哭起来）

If someone breaks down, they lose control of themselves and start crying.

Because he was being so kind and concerned, I broke down and cried...

他如此体贴关心，令我忍不住失声痛哭。

6PHRASAL VERB 捣毁；拆除

If you break down a door or barrier, you hit it so hard that it falls to the ground.

An unruly mob broke down police barricades and stormed the courtroom...

一伙暴徒捣毁了警察设置的路障冲进法庭。

7PHRASAL VERB 消除，破除（障碍或偏见）

To break down barriers or prejudices that separate people or restrict their freedom means to change people's attitudes so that the barriers or prejudices no longer exist.

His early experience enabled him to break down barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants.

他早年的经历使他能够消除苏格兰天主教徒和新教徒之间的隔阂。

25.The amazon rainforest breaths life into the planet into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 nper cent of the all the Earth’s oxygen.

Breath life into.....给。。。。注入新的活力

It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper with their letters.

是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。

26.Thus, it is often known as the lungs of the planet.

27.Moreover, the Amazon Forest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food and medicine.

28.Yet, there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals:us.

irreplaceable

adj. (因贵重或独特)不能替代的

29.In the past few years, 17 per cent of the rainforests has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.

agriculture noun

[U] 农业；农学；农艺

the science or practice of farming

The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.

过去十年，农业从业人数已经下降。

【派生词】agricultural adj.

agricultural policy/land/production/development

农业政策/ 土地/ 生产/ 发展

30.As the impact of human activities continues to grow, and list of the species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the lungs of the planet？

noun

[C, usually sing., U]

1~ (of sth) (on sb/sth)

巨大影响；强大作用

the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth

the environmental impact of tourism

旅游事业对环境的巨大影响

The report assesses the impact of AIDS on the gay community.

这个报告评估了艾滋病对同性恋群体的影响。

Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.

她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。

Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession.

工商企业开始感受到了经济衰退的全面冲击。

2 撞击；冲撞；冲击力

the act of one object hitting another; the force with which this happens

craters made by meteorite impacts

陨石撞击而成的陨石坑

The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.

这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。

The bomb explodes on impact (= when it hits something) .

炸弹受到撞击就爆炸。

The car is fitted with side impact bars (= to protect it from a blow from the side) .

这辆车的两侧都安装了保险杠。

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