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答案解析《技术与设计2 》第一章试题

答案解析《技术与设计2 》第一章试题
答案解析《技术与设计2 》第一章试题

技术与设计2 试题

一、选择题 40分(共20题,每题2分)

1、我们常用的A形梯不直接采用铝合金片,而用长方形截面的铝合金构件,这说明什么影响了梯子的结构强度(B)

A、构件的材料

B、构件的形状

C、重心的高低

D、连接方式

2、下列图表中,不是流程图的是(D )。

A.列车运行时刻表 B.学校课程表 C.产品加工工序表 D.零件的三视图

3、走钢丝的人手上拿着一条长棒的目的是(B)

A、美观

B、重心低

C、保护

D、支撑

4、在日常生活中重心的位置是决定结构稳定性的一个重要因素,以下哪一种结构不是利用降低重心高度来实现其稳定状态的(C)

A、电风扇的底座

B、儿童陀螺玩具

C、自行车的支撑架

D、不倒翁玩具

5、在自行车家族中有性能各异的不同车型。如装有辅助小轮的童车、双梁载重车、弯梁女式车、双坐双脚蹬的双人车等,这些特殊功能的实现,是因为设计者改变了(C)。

A、车的自重

B、车的材料

C、车的结构

D、车的大小

6、设计一个方便人户外活动携带,保护卫生、防止环境污染的水壶,则该产品的结构应是(A )。

A 、折叠式不锈钢杯B、塑料壶

C、一次性杯

D、铁水壶

7、可以用受力结构的稳定性来解释的事实是( B )

A 拔河的绳子断裂

B 广告牌被台风吹倒

C 鸡蛋在某种情况下可以承受很大的外力

D 耳机与电脑主机的插口接触不良,听不到音乐

8、在日常生活中,你所见到的以下哪一个结构是不属于利用不稳定的结构实现某些功能的。(C)

A、游乐设施的跷跷板功能结构;

B、房间门口的活页功能结构;

C、学校运动场的篮球架结构;

D、圆珠笔的笔嘴结构。

9、下列结构是受自然界事物结构启发而产生的(B)

A、钢笔;

B、潜艇;

C、课桌;

D、黑板。

10、比萨斜塔是意大利著名的古代文化遗产,被认为是世界建筑史上的一大奇迹。有关其倾

斜而不倒的解释正确的是(C)

A.比萨斜塔的根基比较稳定

B.比萨斜塔高度不太高

C.比萨斜塔结构重心垂线落在底面的范围内

D.比萨斜塔用最先进的钢筋混凝土建筑

11、下列工具中没有..

采用铰连接的是( C )。

12、分别在一根竹竿和一根同样尺寸的脆性塑料杆子上不断加挂相同质量的重物,竹竿比脆

性塑料杆能挂更多重物而不会断裂,说明了( A )影响结构的强度。

A .材料

B .结构的形状

C .构件横截面形状

D .构件的连接方式

13、分析下列物体的结构类型,属于实体结构是( C )。

A 、羽毛球

B 、乒乓球

C 、铅球

D 、篮球

14、以如下方式放置的并注入不同数量水的,稳定性最差的是:( D )

15、上刀梯是是湘西苗族的传统活动,表演者为保证脚不受割伤,必须力求脚面垂直落在刀

刃上,绝不滑动。此时脚面承受( )。

A 、拉力

B 、压力

C 、剪切力

D 、弯曲力

16、我国塔式建筑的结构一般都是由下到上越来越小,这主要是考虑它的( A )。

A 、稳定性

B 、强度

C 、美观性

D 、经济性

17、在举办运动会的时候,运动员在单杠上做大回环姿势时,会使杠体产生( B )变形。

A 、拉伸

B 、弯曲

C 、压缩

D 、断裂

18、通用技术在本课程中是指( C )

A .信息技术

B .体现信息性和专业性的技术

C .体现基础性和通用性的技术

D .专业技术

19、家用落地扇的底座一般做得比较重,这是为了( B )。

A 、增加风扇的强度

B 、增加电风扇的稳定性

C 、安装电线的需要

D 、更加美观

20.如右图,这是一个创意的功夫CD 架,当一边放了过多的CD 的时候,会出现不稳定的状

况,为了提高该产品的稳定性,下列采取的措施可行的是( D )

A .加长上面的横杠的长度

B .改用强度更好的塑料

C .增加人的高度

D .在右边给小人再加一条腿

二、填空题 20分(共10空,每空2分)

1、从力学的架构与形态考虑,结构可分为实体结构、框架结构、壳形结构

2、构件受外力作用时,要发生形状或大小的改变,这种改变称为形变。当组成材料的粒子间距被缩短了,这是受到压力的作用。

3、影响结构稳定性的因素有:重心的高低、支撑面的大小、形状

4、流程环节有时不是或不全是显性的,即需要经大量试验和较长时间的探究,才能获知其

定量和定性,从而得出流程应包含的基本环节与时序,设计出较成熟合理的流程。

5、应力的公式是:

三、综合题 50分(共5题)

1.高一的同学在教室里布置了一些花草,他们把直杆AB的一端固定在墙上将吊兰挂起来,如右图所示。

(1)结构受力的基本形式有压力、拉力、弯曲力和剪切力等。请说出AB杆的主要受力形式。

(2分)

AB主要受到弯曲力

(2)简述这个结构存在的缺陷。(3分)

花盆过重时,AB杆可能由于弯曲过度而断裂

(3)在不改变杆的固定点A和悬挂点B的前提下,简述你对

这个结构提出的改进方法?并在原图上标注改进方案。(5分)

2.某科技小组制作一只台灯的工序和所需时间如下图

(1)这一流程是可以改进的,为什么?(4分)

作为一个小组,在工作流程中买电子元件、焊底座、做灯罩这三个工作环节可以同时并行进行

(2)用图示法描述改进的流程(6分)

3、“有一段时间内我们常走的街道由于被连续挖开了几次,造成了人力物力资源浪费,同时也给我们的生活造成了极大的不便,究其原因是几个不同的部门在这段时间里分别进行了各自的工程施工”

(1)问题产生的原因是什么?(4分)

这是由于几个不同的部门各自为政,封闭工作造成的问题。

(2)从系统分析的角度来看,如何安排更合理?(6分)

作为路面这一个整体系统,在其基础上进行的工作要从全局出发,要具有系统整体性原则这一统筹观点,统一协调工作,才能减少浪费避免不良影响。几个不同的部门同时协商,一次性完成工作。

5.有的矿泉水瓶有若干凸起的横向纹路,它的作用是增大手与瓶子之间的摩擦、增加瓶子的强度

(5分)

6、日光灯主要由启动器、镇流器和灯管

三部分组成,如图所示。请你分析日光

灯的启动过程,以填空的形式完成下列

各题。

(1)日光灯的启动过程是一个控制系

统,该控制系统是一个开环控制系统。(3分)

(2)如图是日光灯的启动过程控制系统方框图,写出①②③的名称。

(12分)

①“输入量”填写“电压”、“市电”、“交流电”或“220V(伏)”

②“输出量”填“光”、“亮”、“开”均可

③“干扰因素”填“电压(电压波动)”或“温度(温度波动)”均可

普通高中学生学分认定考试试题

通用技术 必修2 答题纸

一、(20分)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 密

线

不 准 答 题 ______________ 姓名____________

二、(20分)

a) 1. ___________ ____________

b) 2. __________ ____________

c) 3. __________ ____________

d) 4. __________ ____________

e) 5. ___________

f) 6. ___________

三、(50分)

1.(10分)

(1)_____________

(2)_____________ (3) _____________ 2.(10分)

(1) _____________

_____________

(2) _____________

3. (10分)

(1) _____________

(2) _____________

_____________

_____________

4.(5分)

__________ ____________

5.(15分)

(1) _____________

(2)①_________________②_______________③___________________

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