高考语法填空解题技巧指导
高考语法填空解题技巧指导
语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，主要考查学生所学的英语基础语法知识在语篇中的综合运用能力。具体考点涉及到冠词，名词，代词，介词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，动词的时态和语态，情态动词，非谓语动词以及状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句的引导词。
第一节高频考点
一．纯空格题----冠词（通常考1个）
【高考真题展示】
1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over______ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. (2018全国卷II)
2.Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ______top of her lungs. (2018全国卷III)
3. As ______ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017全国卷I)
4. This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ______ top. (2017全国卷II)
全国卷III)
6.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum- she never suspects. (2016全国卷1)
7.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _______while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. (2016全国卷II)
8. The adobe dwellings(土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ____ most modern of architects and engineers. （2015全国II）
9. Now, years later, this river is one of ____most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. （2014全国I）
答案及解析：
1.the句意：在过去的25年里，玉米的产量增长了将近125%，而大米的产量仅仅增长了7%。
特指“过去的25年”，用定冠词the。
2. the 句意：出乎意料的是，我和大猩猩面对面时，它撕心裂肺般的尖叫起来。at the top of her lungs意为“扯着嗓子”，为固定搭配。
3.a 句意：因此，人们会吃更多的食物来试着弥补缺少的东西。as a result意为“因此，作为……的结果”，为固定搭配。
4. the句意：这包括挖路、铺设轨道，然后在上面建造一个坚固的洞顶。此处特指“铺设铁轨的上面”，用定冠词the。
5. a句意：反而，她在纽约做模特，每天挣6500英镑。根据句意和语境可知，莎拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指, 故用不定冠词a。
6.the 句意：保育小组每隔几天就把他和妹妹交换，确保一个正在用奶瓶喂奶的同时，另一个和妈妈在一起——她从来不会怀疑。the other是固定搭配，表示“两者之间的另一个……”。
7.a 句意：出去走一会儿、做做运动或做一些你喜欢的事情让你的身体和大脑休息一下。for
a while意为“一会儿，一段时间”，为固定搭配。
8.the 句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土胚房甚至受到了最为现代的建筑师和工程师的称赞。形容词最高级之前用the。
9.the 句意：现在，多年后，这条河成为环境清理最典型的事例之一。形容词最高级之前用the。
【解题思路指导】
如果空格后是名词，且名词前没有所有格、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限制时，则考虑填冠词。在单数名词之前，表特指用the（如T1，4）;表泛指用a/an ，而且要注意a和an的正确使用（如T5）。在复数名词和不可数之前表特指用the。还要考虑定冠词the的用法（如T8，9）、不定冠词a/an的用法以及冠词在固定搭配中的用法（如,2，3，6, 7）。二．纯空格题----介词（通常考1个）
【考点透析】
高考语法填空主要主要采用纯空格形式来考查，考查介词的基本用法以及介词与动词、
1.I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. (2018全国卷III)
2.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _______ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. (2017全国卷I)
3. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ______ work. (2017全国卷II)
4. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture. (2017全国卷III)
5.But my connection with pandas goes back _____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2016全国卷I）
6. Most of us are more focused _______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. （2016全国卷II）
7. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally
eat _______their hands. （2016全国卷III）
8.For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away___ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. （2015全国卷I）
9. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day: ___ the same time, they warm up again for the night.（2015全国卷II）
10.I got a place next _______ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. （2014全国卷II）
答案及解析：
1.for句意：我在寻找我观察过的这三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”。
2.as 句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像肥胖和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。
as用作介词，意为“作为”。
3.from句意：它运行（里程）不到7千米，使人们上下班往返时避开了路上拥挤的人群。to and from work意为“上下班”，故填from。
4. in句意：毕业后，她打算在上大学获得工程或建筑学学位之前，休假一年去做全职模特。get a degree in…是固定搭配，意为“获得……学位”。
5.to 句意：但我与熊猫的关系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的日子里，那时我是第一个被允许拍摄的西方电视台记者，拍摄一档照顾因野外挨饿而获救的大熊猫的特别节目。go back to是固定搭配，意为“追溯到……；回到……”。
6.on 句意：比起一天中的晚些时候，我们大多数人通常在早上更能集中精力在工作上。focus on意为“（把……）集中于”，为固定搭配。
7. with考查介词的用法。句意：例如，在印度，大多数人历来用手吃饭。此处指大多数的印度人用手吃饭。with表示“用……”。
8.by 句意：对那些坐飞机去桂林的人来说，它离桂林只有一个小时的车程，而且它提供了这个更出名的城市的所有景色。By+交通工具，所以by car是固定搭配，意为“乘车”。
9.at 句意：当新的一天开始时，这些墙已经释放掉了它们的热量，现在已经足够冰凉来使房间在炎热的白天凉爽。同时，晚上的时候它们又使房间暖和。at the same time 是固定搭配，意为“同时”。
10.to句意：我在靠窗的地方找了个位子，因此我能很好的看到人行道。next to 是介词短语，意为“紧挨着，在旁边”。
【解题思路指导】
如果空格后是名词或代词，要根据句意以及其前的动词、形容词和其后的名词的搭配，考虑填入适当的介词（如T1-8），同时还要考虑介词短语的用法（如T9-10）。
三．纯空格题----连词（通常考1-2个）
（一）并列连词
1. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _______Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. （2016全国卷III）
2. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days _____even a few months. （2014全国卷I）
答案及解析：
1. and考查并列连词。句意：在亚洲多数地区，尤其是在中国、日本、韩国和越南的所谓“饭碗”文化中，人们通常用筷子吃饭。此处and连接并列的几个国家。
2. or 考查并列连词。句意：但是这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。or表示选择,意思是“或者”。
（二）定语从句的引导词
3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. （2018全国卷I）
4.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. （2018全国卷II）
5.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health. （2017全国卷I）
6.But Sarah, ____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. （2017全国卷III）
7. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2016全国卷I）
8. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. （2016全国卷III）
9.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.（2015全国卷I）
10. Maybe you leave a habit ______is driving your family crazy.(2014全国卷I)
11.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ______we watched some people play volleyball.(2014广东)
12.Behind him were other people to _______he was trying to talk ,but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me ,looking annoyed.(2011广东)
答案及解析：
3.that /which 考查关系代词。句意：这份报告的两位作者还在2014年发表了一份研究报告，该报告显示，每天只要跑5到10分钟，就能降低罹患心脏病和各种原因导致的早亡风险。
4.that/which考查关系代词。句意：中国政府开启了向农民提供具体肥料建议的土壤检测项目。program后面是一个定语从句。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program引导词用that或which。
5.which考查关系代词。句意：像任何食物一样，脂肪和盐很可能摄入过多，这对健康并不利。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
6.who考查关系代词。句意：但是，已经和一些顶级模特走过秀的莎拉想证明自己不仅有美貌还有智慧。本句的主语是Sarah，谓语动词是后面的wants，根据句法判断该空格后的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sarah，而且关系代词指人，又在从句中作has taken part in的主语，故填关系代词who。
7. when考查关系副词。句意：但我与熊猫的关系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的日子里，那时我是第一个被允许拍摄的西方电视台记者，拍摄一档照顾因野外挨饿而获救的大熊猫的特别节目。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the mid-1980s在定语
从句中作时间状语，表示“在20世纪80年代中期”，因此用关系副词when。
8. who考查关系代词。句意：有人认为，生活在大约公元前551年到公元前479年的伟大的中国学者孔子，影响了筷子的发展。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代the great Chinese scholar Confucius,因此用关系代词who。
9.which/that考查关系代词。句意：我跳过了附近的桂林，那是游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江碧水的理想之地，这些景色被艺术家描绘在这么多的中国画作里。先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River在定语从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
10.which/that 考查关系代词。句意：也许你有一个让你家人发疯的习惯。先行词a habit 在定语从句中做主语，因此用关系代词which或that。
11. where 考查关系副词。先行词the beach还原到从句中为we watched some people play volleyball on the beach, 在从句中做地点状语，因此用关系副词where。
12. whom 考查“介词+whom’’引导的定语从句。句中先行词是people,还原到从句中为he was trying to talk to other people, 在从句中作介词to的宾语，因此用whom。
（三）状语从句的引导词
13.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life______ walking, cycling or swimming. （2018全国卷I）
14.Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. （2018全国卷II）
15. So, get an early start and try to be as productive _____ possible before lunch.（2016全国卷II）
16. Over time, _______ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. （2016全国卷III）
17.Pahlsson screamed ___ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.（2017浙江卷）
18.Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the_____(good) your performance will be.（2016上海卷）
答案及解析：
13.than 考查比较状语从句。句意：医学报告显示：虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老，但跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知答案为than。
14.than考查比较状语从句。句意：玉米使用的水比大米少，并且产生更少的肥料径流。根据前面的less判断答案为than.
15.as考查比较状语从句。句意：因此，早早开始，并努力在午饭以前尽可能高效。as……as possible意为“尽可能……”。
16.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样烹调起来更快速。此处用as表示“随着……”也可用when，表示“当……时候”。
17.so 考查“so …that …”引导结果状语从句。句意：帕欧森尖叫的声音如此之大，以至于地的女儿从屋里跑了出来。so +副词+ that …意为“如此……以致于……”。
18. better考查比较状语从句。句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。“the+比较级.....， the+比较级.....”意为“越....就越.....”，所以使用good的比较级形式better。
（四）名词性从句的引导词
19.I'm not sure __________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩that suddenly appears out of nowhere.（2018 全国卷III
20.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ___ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. （2015全国卷II）
21. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ____the boy would do. (2012 广东卷)
19. which/who考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，用which表示“哪一个”。也可以用who，表示“我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩”。
20.how考查宾语从句。句意：作为天才的建筑师，普韦部落印第安人准确地计算出泥砖墙需要多么厚使得这个循环在大部分日子里运转。how修饰thick，引导宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。
21. what 句意：新来的男生看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生不知道这个男生要干什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，因此用what，表示“……的东西/事情/话等”
【解题思路指导】
（一）并列连词：如果空格前后是并列的两个词，两个短语，或两个分句，就要考虑用并列连词。形式上为：①单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语②一个句子+并连连词+一个句子。然后，根据句子前后的意思，判断表示并列或顺接关系用and（如T1），表转折关系用but，表对比关系用while，表选择关系用or（如T2），表因果关系用so（因此）和for（因为），表“这时”用when。
（二）定语从句的引导词：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。解题时主要按照以下三步：
1.找准先行词
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词。指代“人”时，用who(作主语、宾语)，whom(作宾语)，that(作主语、宾语、表语)，其中that不能引导非限制性定语从句（如T6，8）；指代“物”时，用that(作主语、宾语、表语)或which(作主语、宾语、表语) ，其中that不能引导非限制性定语从句（如T3,4,5,9,10）；指代“人的或物的”，作定语时，用whose；在非限制性定语从句中，指代句子，用which(作主语、宾语)或as(作主语、宾语)。
如果先行词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when（指代“时间”，作时间状语）（如T7）, where （指代“地点”，作地点状语）（如T11）, why（指代“原因reason”，作原因状语）；先行词在从句中作介词宾语，若介词提前，指代物时，不用that，而用which，指代人时，不用who，而用whom，即“介词+which/whom”（如T12）。
（三）状语从句的引导词：状语从句在句中作状语，主要用来修饰主句。状语从句和主句是两个独立的句子，形式上为：①一个句子+从属连词+一个句子；②从属连词+ 一个句子+一个句子。解题时主要根据句意来选用适当的引导词。常用的有：1.when/ while（当……时候）（如T16）2.as (一边…，一边…；随着)（如T16）3.till/ until（用于肯定句，意为“直到….. .为止”；用于否定句，意为“直到……才”）4.before（在……之前）5.after（在……之后）6.since（自从）7. where(在……地方) 8.if（如果）9.unless (=if…not…，除非) 10. because （因为）11. although/ though（虽然）12. as（正如，像，按照）13. so/ such…that…(如此……以至于……) （如T17）14. as +原级+as（否定句用not so /as…as）（如T15）15.比较级+than （如T13,14）16. “the+比较级.....， the+比较级.....”（如T18）等。
（四）名词性从句的引导词：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。解题时首先判断出是名词性从句，然后根据名词性从句中所缺的成分和句意选择连接词。
常用的连词有：1. that（不充当成分，也没意思）2. if/whether（不充当成分，但有意思“是否”）3. what（充当主语、宾语、表语，定语，表示“什么；……的东西/事情/话等”）（如T21）4. which（充当主语、宾语、表语，定语，表示“哪个，哪些”）（如T19）5. who/whom/ whose (表示疑问，who作主语和宾语，意为“谁”（如T19）；whom作宾语，意为“谁”；whose作定语，意为“谁的”)7. when（作时间状语，意为“何时；……的时候”) 8. where （作地点状语，意为“何地；……的地方”）9. why（作原因状语，意为“为什么；……的原因”）10. how（作方式状语，意为“如何”或修饰形容词/副词，意为“多么”）（如T20）。
四．有提示词题----动词（占比例最大，通常考3-4个）
（一）谓语动词
1.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ______ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. （2018全国卷I）
2.Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ______（grow）more corn than rice. （2018全国卷II）
3.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 -when the government ______ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. （2018全国卷II）
4.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________(mean) me no real harm. （2018全国卷III）
5.When fat and salt______ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. （2017全国卷I）
6.Fast food ______ (be) full of fat and salt; （2017全国卷I）
7.Steam engines_______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. （2017全国卷II）
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,ter, engineers ______ ( manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (随道) , which became known as the Tube. （2017全国卷II）
9. Sarah ______ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel , earning a million dollars in the new year. （2017全国卷III）
10.But at the moment, school ______ ( come) first. （2017全国卷III）
11.I _______ ( allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（2016全国卷I）
12.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______(be) often acceptable（2016全国卷II）
13. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _______ (be) too violent for use at the table. （2016全国卷III）
14. It was raining lightly when I____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. （2015全国卷I）
15. Truly elegant chopsticks might _______(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. （2016全国卷III）
16.It could be anything- gardening, cooking, music, sports- but whatever it is, ______ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. （2016全国卷II）
答案及解析：
1.is 考查动词的时态。句意：医学报告显示：虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老，但跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，再联系上下文的时态，判断用一般现在时。故答案为is。
2.has grown 考查时态。句意：自2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。since加时间点，主句要用完成时。根据句意，本句应用现在完成时，故答案为has grown。
3.started考查谓语动词。句意：中国农业部发现在2005年，当时中国政府开启了向农民提供具体肥料建议的土壤检测项目，和2011之间，化肥的使用减少了7.7百万吨。本句when 引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。
4.meant考查谓语动词。句意：从大猩猩没有攻击性的天性来说，这只巨大的动物对我并没有真正的伤害。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以答案为meant。
5.are removed考查时态和语态。句意：当脂肪和盐从食物中被去掉，食物尝起来就像缺少了些什么。脂肪和盐从食物中是被去掉的，故应用被动语态，主语为fat和salt，且描述一般的事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
6.is考查主谓一致。句意：快餐中含有大量的脂肪和盐；本句中主语fast food为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
7.were used 考查时态和语态。句意：车厢由蒸汽机拉动，这样一来，弥漫的烟雾和充斥的噪音肯定会让乘客们觉得不舒服。steam engines与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；全文用一般过去时讲述过去的事情，故填were used。
8.managed考查时态。句意：后来，工程师们设法用一个深隧道系统建设铁路，这被称为地铁。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语动词，全文用一般过去时讲述过去发生的事情，故填managed。
9.was told/has been told考查时态和语态。句意：人们告诉莎拉，她可以成为英国的一名新的超级模特，第二年就可以挣一百万美元。根据句意可知，此处是指莎拉被告知，故需用被动语态，又根据上下文可知，被告诉这一动作发生在过去，故此处可用一般过去时的被动语态。也可以用现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，填has been told。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,es考查时态。句意：但是，现在学习是第一位的。根据at the moment“现在”可知，此处用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
11.was allowed 考查时态和语态。句意：我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。根据句意可知用被动语态，并且陈述了过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
12.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：把比较不重要的事情放到明天通常是可以令人接受的。本句中Leaving the less important things为动名词短语作主语，而且陈述了一个事实，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
13. were考查时态和主谓一致。句意：孔子认为刀具会让人联想到杀戮，而且在饭桌上使用刀具太暴力。believed后为宾语从句，该从句是由and连接的并列句；所填词与would remind 力从句的并列谓语，主语是knives，因此要用一般过去时were。
14.arrived 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：黎明前我们刚到阳朔天就下起了小雨。根据主句的时态was raining可知用一般过去时。
15. be made考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：真正优雅的筷子可以是由金和银制成，带有汉字。elegant chopsticks和make之间是被动关系，又因为might为情态动词，因此用be made。
16 make 考查祈使句。句意：那可以是任何事情——园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动，但是不论是什么，确保那是对每天的压力的一种释放，而不是另一件需要担心的事情。
but为并列连词，连接两个句子，whatever it is是第二个分句中的状语从句，因此第二个分
句是一个祈使句，要用动词原形make。
（二）非谓语动词
17.You don't have to run fast or for long______(see)the benefit. （2018全国卷I）
18.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality. （2018全国卷II）
19.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch. （2018全国卷III）
20.They are required ______ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. （2017全国卷I）
21.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ______ ( prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. （2017全国卷III）
22.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely_____ (bring) your work home. （2016全国卷II）
23.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create) special designs. （2016全国卷III）
24.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ___ (cool) the house during the hot day: （2015全国卷II）
25.It took years of work ____ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
（2014全国卷I）
26.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running. （2018全国卷I）
27.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. （2018全国卷III）
28.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ______ (eat) more fast food people
will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017全国卷I）
29.This included digging up the road, ______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. （2017全国卷II）
30.But unlike her school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ______ (rest). （2017全国卷III）
31.My ambassadorial duties will include _______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （2016全国卷I）32.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability
to "air condition" a house without ____（use）electric equipment. （2015全国卷II）
33.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter_______(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2016全国卷I）
34.A study of travelers_____(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. （2015全国卷I）
35. The adobe dwellings(土坯房）____(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. （2015全国卷II）
36.A bercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people_____(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. （2015全国卷I）
37.People probably cooked their food in large pots, _______ (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. （2016全国卷III）
答案及解析：
17.to see考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了看到它的好处，你不必跑得太快或时间太长。此处动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to see。
18.to improve考查不定式作目的状语。句意：玉米价格上涨的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米，以改善水质。显然空格处是目的状语，故答案为to improve。
19.to stay考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意：一旦他的意思表达清楚了，他就允许我逗留观察。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，故答案为to stay。
20.to process考查动词不定式作主语补足语。句意：它们被要求用来加工我们所食用的食物，恢复伤病以及几种其他的身体机能。required sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth.。
21.to prove考查动词不定式作宾语。句意：但是，已经和一些顶级模特走过秀的莎拉想
证明自己不仅有关貌还有智慧。want to do sth. “想要做某事”。
22.to bring考查动词不定式的固定搭配用法。句意：如果你发现了你喜欢在办公室外做的事情，你会更不可能把工作带回家。be likely to do sth. 意为“很可能做某事”，为固定搭配。
23.to create动词不定式作目的状语。句意：有技能的工人还结合各种各样的硬质木头和金属来创造出不一样的设计。此处用to create作目的状语。
24.to cool 考查动词不定式作状语。句意：当新的一天开始时，这些墙已经释放掉了它们的热量，现在已经足够冰凉来使房间在炎热的白天凉爽。此处为“adj.+enough+to do sth.”结构，意为“足够……而能做某事”，此处应填to cool，cool用作动词，意为“使……变凉爽”。
25.to reduce考查动词不定式固定搭配用法。句意：减少工业污染和清理这条河花费了很多年的工作。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth．是固定句型，意为“花费（某人）时间做某事”。
26.dying 考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但通过跑步仍然会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故答案为dying。
27.looking考查动名词作宾语。句意：我迅速俯下身，低下头，避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得受到挑战。avoid 接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，故答案为looking。
28.eating考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：快餐中含有大量的脂肪和盐，通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在他们的饮食中摄入超过需求量的盐和脂肪。by为介词，后面应用动名词形式，故填eating。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,ying考查动名词作宾语。句意：包括挖路、铺设轨道，然后在上面建造一个坚固的洞顶。此处是and连接的三个并列结构作included的宾语；由句中的digging，building可知，所填词用动名词形式，故填laying。
30.resting考查动名词作宾语。句意：但是，不像她学校里的朋友们，莎拉并没有用半个学期的时间休息。spend...(in) doing sth.是固定句式，意为“花费……做某事”。
31.introducing考查动名词作宾语。句意：我的大使职责将包括向英国游客介绍成都的120多只熊猫，还有在碧峰峡迷雾山脉中的研究中心的其他熊猫。谓语动词will include后用动名词作宾语。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,ing 考查动名词作介词宾语。句意：除了简洁的美感，使这些土胚房让人钦佩的是他们不使用电气设备就能调节房间温度的能力。without是介词，其后接动名词作宾语。
33.permitted考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：但我与熊猫的关系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的日子里，那时我是第一个被允许拍摄的西方电视台记者，拍摄一档照顾因野外挨饿而获救的大熊猫的特别节目。When引导的是定语从句，该从句的谓语是was，空格部分是作定语修饰the first Western TV reporter，和permit之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
34.conducted考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：由猫途鹰网站开展的对游客的一份调查把阳朔评为世界十大目的地之一。该句的谓语是names（命名），空格部分是作定语，study和
conduct之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
35.built 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土胚房甚至受到了最为现代的建筑师和工程师的称赞。该句的谓语是are admired，空格部分是作定语，adobe dwellings和build之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。
36. living考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：香港的旅行公司A bercrombie & Kent说，它定期为住在上海和香港的人安排来这里的快速通道。says后的宾语从句中的谓语是arranges，空格部分是作定语，people和live之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作后置定语。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,ing考查现在分词作方式状语。句意：人们可能在大锅里烹调他们的食物，用树枝把食物从大锅里取出来。该句的谓语部分是cooked their food，因此空格部分只能用非谓语动词作状语，use和逻辑主语People之间是主动关系，故用现在分词using作方式状语。
（三）词性转换
38.This switch has decreased______ (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.（2018全国卷II）
39.This development was only possible with the______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. （2017全国卷II）
40.She is determined to carry on with her ______ ( educate) . （2017全国卷III）
41.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract). （2016全国卷I）
42.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ______ (achieve) （2016全国卷II）
43.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551
to 479 B.C., influenced the _________(develop) of chopsticks. （2016全国卷III）
44.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge). （2018全国卷III）
45. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and____(disappoint). （2014全国卷II）
46.While there are ________(amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （2014全国卷I）答案及解析：
38.pollution 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。空格处是decreased的宾语，故答案为pollute的名词形式pollution。39.introduction考查词性转换。句意：这种发展只有在引进电动引擎和升降机的情况下才有可能实现。由空前的the可知，所填词应用名词形式，故填introduction。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,cation考查词性转换。句意：她决定继续她的教育。空前是形容词性物主代词her“她的”，所以后面应该是名词形式，故填education。
41.attraction考查词性转换。句意：但对于像我这样的游客，大熊猫是最吸引人的东西。its top 可知后面应跟名词，attraction意为“吸引人的东西”。
42.achievement考查词性转换。句意：这会给你所需要的信心，让你度过下午并在回家时感觉有成就感。介词应填名词achievement。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。
43.development考查词性转换。句意：有人认为，生活在大约公元前551年到公元前479年的伟大的中国学者孔子，影响了筷子的发展。空前有定冠词the，空后有of所有格，故此处应用名词形式development。
44.challenged 考查过去分词作表语。句意：我迅速俯下身，低下头，避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得受到挑战。表示“人感到受挑战的”，用过去分词作表语，答案为challenged。
45.disappointed考查过去分词作表语。句意：有许多人在公交站等车，他们当中的一些人看
上去非常焦急和失望。表示“人感到失望的”，用过去分词作表语，答案为disappointed。
46.amazing考查现在分词作定语。句意：尽管有惊人的关于快速改变的故事，但对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，并且需要很多努力和工作，就像清理被污染的河流一样。修饰后面的名词stories ，表示“令人惊讶的”，用现在分词形式amazing。
【解题思路指导】
如果括号内的提示词是一个动词，首先根据句意和句式结构判断该动词所作的成分。（一）如果是跟在主语之后，可以判断该动词作谓语，则考虑使用动词的正确时态和语态，同时注意主谓一致，情态动词，虚拟语气等用法（如T1-- 15）；如果是一个祈使句，则考虑用动词原形（如T16）。
（二）如果该句中已经有谓语部分，就要考虑用该动词的非谓语动词形式，即不定式（如T17-25）、动名词（如T26-32）、分词（如T33-37）。
（三）如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则根据所充当的句子成分，使用该动词的正确的词性（如T38-46）。
五．有提示词题----名词（通常考1-2个）
【高考真题展示】
（一）单复数（单数变复数）
1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _______ (cause). （2018全国卷I）
2.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side______ ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease -- the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. （2017全国卷I）
3.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________( crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. （2017全国卷II）
4.She has turned down several ______ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. （2017全国卷III）
5.The nursery team switches him every few ____ ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects. （2016全国卷I）
6.Recent _________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. （2016全国卷II）
7.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting). （2015全国卷I）
答案及解析：
1. causes 考查名词的复数。句意：这份报告的两位作者还在2014年发表了一份研究报告，该报告显示，每天只要跑5到10分钟，就能降低罹患心脏病和各种原因导致的早亡风险。cause是可数名词,意为“原因；理由”，被all修饰，故答案为causes。
2.effects考查名词复数。句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。some用于修饰复数名词，side effect意为“副作用”，故填effects。
3.crowds考查名词复数。句意：它运行（里程）不到7千米，使人们上下班往返时避开了路
上拥挤的人群。此处作avoid的宾语，应用名词形式；crowd意为“人群”时，是可数名词，故用复数形式crowds。
4.invitations考查名词复数。句意：为了集中精力学习，她已经拒绝了好几次走秀的邀请。此处需填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数。
5.days考查名词复数。句意：保育小组每隔几天就把他和妹妹交换，确保一个正在用奶瓶喂奶的同时，另一个和妈妈在一起——她从来不会怀疑。few用于修饰复数名词，every few days 每隔几天。
6.studies考查名词复数。句意：最近的研究显示，如果我们在工作时有规律地做短暂休息，我们会更加高效。根据后面的谓语动谓show可知，此处主语应该是复数形式studies。
7.paintings考查名词复数形式。句意：我跳过了附近的桂林，那是游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江碧水的理想之地，这些景色被艺术家描绘在这么多的中国画作里。由本句中的many可知此处需填复数形式paintings。
（二）词性、词义转换（转换成动词或形容词）
8.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to______(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. （2018全国卷I）
9.Running is cheap, easy and it's always______(energy). （2018全国卷I）
10.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer consumption. （2018全国卷II）
11.My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a _____(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. （2018全国卷III）
12.However, be ______ (care) not to go to extremes. （2017全国卷I）
13.The Central London Railway was one of the most ______ ( success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. （2017全国卷II）
14. As ____ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. （2015全国卷II）
15. Just be _______ (patience). （2014全国卷I）
答案及解析：
8.strengthen 考查词性转换。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的表面跑步，做运动来增强腿部肌肉，避开山丘，穿好的跑鞋。to strengthen your leg muscles(肌肉) 作目的状语，故需要用strength的动词形式,所以答案为strengthen。
9.energetic 考查词性转换。句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是精力充沛。本题与前面的cheap和easy对应作表语，需要用energy的形容词形式，故答案为energetic。
10.global考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为global。
11.scientist考查词义转换。句意：我是一名研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。故答案为scientist。
12.careful考查词性转换。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。系动词be动词后应用形容词careful 作表语。
13.successful考查词性转换。句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的线路之一，该线路于1900年开通。此处表示“这些新线路中最成功的线路之一”，为“one of the+形容词最高级+of+名词”结构，空前的most用于构成形容词的最高级，故填形容词successful。14.natural考查词性转换。句意：作为天生的建筑师，普韦布洛印第安人准确地搞清楚了泥砖墙需要多厚才使这个循环在大多数的日子里起作用。所填词作定语修饰名词architects，故应填形容词形式natural，意为“天生的，自然的”。
15.patient考查词性转换。句意：只需耐心点儿。系动词be后需用形容词patient作表语。
【解题思路指导】
如果括号内的提示词是一个名词，根据语境和句意，主要考虑使用名词的复数形式（如T1-7）；或者根据所充当的句子成分，使用该名词的正确的词性（如T8-15）。
六．有提示词题----形容词/副词（通常考1-2个）
（一）形容词、副词的正确使用（形容词变副词）
1.A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: （2018全国卷II）
2.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been______ ( fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. （2017全国卷II）
3.It is ______ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. （2017全国卷III）
4.The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. （2016全国卷I）
5.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _____________(regular). （2016全国卷II）
6.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ______(gradual) turned into chopsticks. （2016全国卷III）
7.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it___(regular) arranges quick gateways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. （2015全国卷I）
8.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_____（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. （2015全国卷II）
答案及解析：
1.actually考查词性转换。句意：实际上这种变化背后的原因是人们对肉类的偏好:玉米的一个重要作用是被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。空格处用作状语，故答案为actually。
2.fairly 句意：车厢由蒸汽机拉动，这样一来，弥漫的烟雾和充斥的噪音肯定会让乘客们觉得不舒服。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，应用副词形式，故填fairly。
3.certainly 句意：它肯定会很有趣但生活方式有点不真实。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun，故用副词形式。
4.officially句意：在伦敦举行的一个仪式上，这个头衔将正式授予我。修饰动词will be given 应用副词officially。
5.regularly句意：最近的研究显示，如果我们在工作时有规律地做短暂休息，我们会更加高效。修饰动词短语take short breaks应用副词regularly。
6.gradually。句意：小块的食物很容易用树枝夹着吃，这些树枝慢慢演变为筷子。修饰动词短语turned into，应用副词形式gradually。
7.regularly 句意：香港的旅行公司Abercrombie&Kent说，它定期为住在上海和香港的人安排来这里的快速通道。修饰动词arranges 要用regular的副词形式regularly。
8.slowly 句意：用泥砖建造的墙在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量，并旦在凉爽的晚上慢慢地释放那些热量，这样使房内温暖。修饰动词短语give out，要用副词slowly。
（二）形容词、副词的比较等级
9.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ______(long) than non-runners. （2018全国卷I）
10.He screams the______(loud)of all. （2018全国卷III）
11.Even _______ ( bad) , the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. （2017全国卷I）
12.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of _______(great)and less importance. （2016全国卷II）
13. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________ (clean) than ever. （2014全国卷I）
答案及解析：
9.longer 考查副词的比较级。句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故答案为longer。
10.loudest考查形容词最高级。句意：他尖叫的声音最大。根据上文，前后有三只大猩猩尖叫，而雄性大猩猩叫的声音最大；后面的代词all也进行了提示，故用最高级，答案为loudest。
11.worse考查形容词比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们吃快餐的量在增加。由上下文句意可知，此处表示“更糟糕的是”，故应用bad的比较级worse。
12.greater考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压力很大，你应
该退后一步，识别出那些比较重要的和比较不重要的（事情）。and连接两个并列成分修饰importance，后面用的less，为比较级，因此此处也应该用great的比较级greater。
13.cleaner考查形容词比较级。句意：最后，辛苦的工作得到了回报，现在这条河的水比任何时候都干净，由空后的than可知，此处应填clean的比较级形式cleaner。
（三）词性转换
14.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ____(able) to "air condition" a house without using electric equipment. （2015全国卷II）
答案及解析：
14.ability考查词性转换。句意：除了简洁的美感，使这些土坯房令人钦佩的是它们不使用用电设备而调节房间内温度的能力。所填词前有形容词性物主代词their，后有动词不定式作定语，故应填名词形式ability。
【解题思路指导】
如果括号内的提示词是一个形容词，要根据在句中所充当的成分，来确定用形容词还是副词。如果在句中用作定语、表语、补语要用形容词；如果作状语，修饰动词，形容词，副词，或修饰全句，则用副词（如T1-8）；另外，还要考虑形容词和副词的比较等级形式(如T9-13）以及根据所充当的句子成分，使用其正确的词性(如T14）。
第二节中频考点及预测考点
一．代词
在语法填空中代词既采用纯空格形式来考查，也采用有提示词形式考查。
【高考真题展示】
（一）纯空格形式
1.Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _____a try. （2018全国卷I）
2.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
25 ,000 people were using _____ every day. （2017全国卷II）
3. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of ___, and yet find it impossible to
say no?（2016上海）
（二）提示词形式
4.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __ (it) mother. （2016全国卷I）
5.A few hours before/earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ___(it) choking smog.（2015全国I）
6.Then the driver stood up and asked, "Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?" A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh dear! It's _____ (I)." （2014全国卷II）
7. She thought I had hurt _____ (I).（2017浙江）
答案及解析：
1.it 考查代词。句意：跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是精力充沛。如果你的时间不足，你只需要跑一半的时间去获得和其他运动一样的好处，所以也许我们都应该尝试一下。根据上下文句意，要“尝试”的应该是“跑步”，故用it来替代上文提到的running，也可以直接用running。
2.it句意：然而，这条铁路却很快被证明是一个伟大的成就，在6个月内，每天有超过2.5万人搭乘它。此处作using的宾语，根据语境可知，所填词指代上文的railway，故填it。
3. you句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了，而你发现不可能说“不”？根据句意用you作为介词of的宾语。
4.its考查形容词性的物主代词。句意：在我最近的访问中，我帮助了一个活泼的、3个月大的双胞胎之一的熊猫，它被它的妈妈抛弃了。此处指前面的a lively three-month-old twin 的母亲，应用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰mother。
5.its考查形容词性的物主代词。句意：几个小时之前我还在香港的家里，那里有着呛人的烟雾。choking smog为名词短语，故其前需用形容词性物主代词its作定语。
6.me/mine考查人称代词的宾格形式或名词性的物主代词。句意：然后司机站起来问：“你们有人在上一站丢了一个手提箱吗？”公交车上的一个女人大喊：“哦，天哪，是我（的）。”此处是对前文疑问句的回答，故可以填me，表示“是我（丢的）”；也可以填mine，表示“这包是我的”。
7. myself 考查反身代词。句意：她认为我伤着了自己。当宾语和主语指代同一个人时，要用反身代词。
【解题方法指导】
在语法填空纯空格题目中，如果空格部分充当主语，宾语，表语及定语，则考虑填代词。作主语，宾语，表语时，主要考虑填人称代词的主格或宾格形式（如T1-3），同时也要根据句意，考虑用不定代词，指示代词，反身代词，名词性物主代词等；作定语时，主要考虑填形容词性物主代词或不定代词等。
如果括号内的提示词是一个人称代词，要根据在句中所充当的成分，来确定用其相应的正确形式。如果是人称代词作宾语或表语则用宾格形式（如T6）；如果作定语则用形容词性的物主代词（如T4-5）；如果作主语，宾语，表语，表示“……的”，则用名词性的物主代词（如T6）；如果作宾语，表语，同位语，表示“某人自己”，则用反身代词（如T7）。
二．副词
1.A few hours____, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. （2015全国卷I）
2. Sixteen years ____ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.（2017浙江）
答案及解析：
1.before/earlier 句意：几个小时之前我还在香港的家里，那里有着呛人的烟雾。
根据该句的时态是过去完成时，可判断用before或earlier，表示“在……之前”。有些同学误填ago,而ago要用于一般过去时。
2.earlier句意：十六年前，帕森摘下钻戒做饭。表示“在.....之前”用earlier，通常和过去完成时连用。
【高考题预测】
1.The ship hit an iceberg and two hours_______, it sank.
2.Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want no t.” None of us, ______ , can completely avoid waste in our lives.
3. Progress so far has been very good. We are, ______, confident that the work will be completed on time.
4. Thanks for your directions to the house ,________ we wouldn’t have found it.
答案及解析：
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b14758666.html,ter句意：轮船撞上了冰山，两小时后，沉没了。later以后，随后。
2. however 句意：很多人都知道：勤俭节约，吃穿不愁。然而几乎没有人能够做到不浪费。根据句义可知上下文之间是转折关系，所以用副词however表示转折。
3.therefore 句意：到目前为止进展顺利，因此，我们有信心按时完成工作。therefore因此。
4.otherwise 句意：多亏了你对房子的说明，要不然，我们会找不到的。otherwise否则，要不然。
【解题思路指导】
（一）常用的表时间关系的副词
（二）表逻辑关系的副词或副词短语
三．数词
近几年高考全国卷中语法填空没考数词，但2017年全国卷I短文改错考查了基数词和序数词的误用，因此可以推测将来也会在语法填空中考数词的用法。设题方式采用有提示词的形式，即括号内提供一个基数词，根据语境和句意，使用其相应的正确形式。
【考点预测】
2. I live in a tall building and I live on the _____( twelve) floor．
3.It is not rare that people in their ________(fifty )are going to university for further education.
4. As a result of the serious flood, two________(three) of the buildings need repairing.
答案及解析：1. twentieth 表示“第几个生日”要用序数词表示。
2. twelfth “住在第几层”用序数词。
3. fifties 表示"在50多岁的时候",用in one’s fifties。
4. thirds 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，序数词加-s, “三分之一”应为“two-thirds”。
字符“-”，也可不加。
(口诀：分子基，分母序。分子大于1，分母加s)
1/3 one third；2/3 two thirds；3/4 three-fourths；
1/2one half 或a half；1/4one fourth 或one /
四．特殊句式
特殊句式主要包括强调句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句、there be/live/exist/lie…句型、省略句。近几年高考语法填空对特殊句式考查不是很多，但是特殊句式也是比较常用的语法项目，可以推测在将来的高考中也是重点考查项目之一。
高考语法填空主要采用纯空格形式，考查强调句结构“It is (was)＋被强调的部分＋that(who/whom)＋句子的其它成分”中的It或that(who/whom)部分。
【高考真题展示】
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress______ does you harm.（2016上海）
答案及解析：that 考查强调句型。句意：但是和别的许多事情一样，仅仅是太多的压力对你造成伤害。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
【高考题预测】
______ was on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
答案及解析：It 考查强调句型。句意：小船沉没一个月后他是在一个孤岛上被营救的？该句是强调句，被强调部分为on a lonely island，应填It。
（二）感叹句
高考语法填空主要采用纯空格形式，结合名词性从句考查感叹词how 和what的。
【高考真题展示】
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ___ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. （2015全国卷II）
答案及解析：how 考查宾语从句。句意：作为天才的建筑师，普韦部落印第安人准确地计算出泥砖墙需要多么厚才使得这个循环在大多数日子里起作用。how修饰thick，引导宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。
【高考题预测】
1. pleasant it is to travel by boat on a hot summer night!
2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!
3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______close you may be to victory.
4. The shocking news made me realize _______terrible problems we would face.
答案及解析：
1.How句意：在炎热的夏日晚上乘船旅行是多么惬意呀！这是一个感叹句，修饰形容词pleasant用how。
2. What 这是一个感叹句，修饰名词a dangerous scene用what。
3. how句意：不要让失败击垮你，因为你永远不会知道你离成功有多么近。修饰形容词close 用how。
4.what句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。修饰名词terrible problems用what。
（三）祈使句
高考语法填空主要结合动词，采用有提示词的形式来考查。
【高考真题展示】
It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is, ______ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. （2016全国卷II）
答案及解析：make 考查祈使句。句意：那可以是任何事情——园艺、烹饪、音乐，运动，但是不论是什么，确保那是对每天的压力的一种释放，而不是另一件需要担心的事情。but 为并列连词，连接两个句子，whatever it is是第二个分句中的状语从句，因此第二个分句是一个祈使句，要用动词原形make。
（四）省略句
高考语法填空主要采用有提示词形式，结合动词考查状语从句的省略。
【高考真题展示】
China's approach to protecting its environment while ______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide."（2018全国卷II）
答案及解析：
feeding考查状语从句的省略。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。while feeding its citizens= while China is feeding its citizens。省略句的原则：在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可以把从句中的主语和be动词部分一起省略，故答案为feeding。
【高考题预测】
1. While ______ (wait) for a bus, he met an old friend.
2.He will not attend the party unless______ ( invite).
答案及解析：
1.waiting While waiting for a bus=while he was waiting for a bus
2. invited 句意：除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。unless invited =unless he is invited.
（五）倒装句
高考语法填空主要采用纯空格形式，考查部分倒装中放在主语之前的助动词、情态动词、be 动词以及引起部分倒装的连词；也可以采用有提示词形式，结合谓语动词考查完全倒装中的主谓一致。
【高考题预测】
1. Not until he left his home ______ he begin to know how important the family was for him.
2. Only in this way ______ you learn English well.
3.successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
4.it rain tomorrow , we would not go hiking .
5. Strange it might sound,
6.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, will he.
7.______ when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
8.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______（lie）Chongqing,
one of the ten largest cities in China.
9.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _______（run）the thief.
答案及解析：
1.did not until位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为did。
2.can句意：只有用这种方式你才能学好英语。“only+状语”位于句首时，该句用部分倒装，根据句意需用情态动词can。
3. So 在so +adj+that.. 句子结构中，so和其所修饰的词置于句首时，要用部分倒装。
4. Should句意：如果明天下雨, 我们就不去远足. Should it rain tomorrow = If it should rain tomorrow.
5. as/ though 句意：虽然听起来很奇怪，他的观点在会上得到了所有人的认可。as/ though 引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序。
6. neither/nor前一个句子是否定句，故使用neither/nor表示“也不”。
7. Only 句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室时她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式did she realize。
8.lies 表示方位的地点状语提前，句子用完全倒装，Chongqing是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用lies。
9. ran 副词away提前，句子用完全倒装，时态是一般过去时，因此谓语动词用ran。（六）there be live/exist/lie…句型
高考语法填空采用有提示词形式，结合动词时态和主谓一致填be/live/exist/lie…的相应形
2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导
2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导 I.题型研读 ◎命题宗旨 语法填空题于2014年首次出现在高考新课标英语试卷中，它标志着把英语基础知识放在一句话中做单项选择的时代的终结，标志着在语篇中考查语言基本功的时代已经到来。 ◎材料词数 短文体200词左右；对话体(广东卷)180词左右。 ◎命题方式 ＊提示词类 要求改变词的呈现形式(偶尔也可以不改) ＊纯空格类 要求填“小词”，指的是体型短小、实际含义不是很大、又不可或缺的词汇。如冠词、连词、介词、代词、副词、引导词、以及特殊句式中涉及到的小词。 ◎考查重点 词法、语法、句法、语篇 II. 语法填空题满分指南 ◎提示词类 1.动词的考点分布研究
a.做谓语 On my way to school, A boy on a bike caught(catch) my attention. It was(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. If the new students are accepted (accept),many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures. b.做非谓语 It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. While there are amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint). When she got home with her small but well chosen(choose) present in her bag, her parents were already at table having dinner. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed(push) open. Generally speaking(speak),they can meet people’s needs very well. c.考查词性转换 ＊动词变成形容词 I was so excited that I couldn’t sleep last night. I fell asleep(sleep) at about two o’clock in the morning. Suddenly, all fear was gone(go) and I backed up and unlocked my car door.
语法填空题的解题技巧20
语法填空题的解题技巧 纯空格的解题技巧:介词，代词，冠词，助动词/情态动词，疑问副词 并列句，复合句 规律1 空格+谓语动词(代词或名词(多考代词) 1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ________ gets there almost in a second. 2. Some of my friends who had been there before said _______ was a wonderful holiday destination. 3. Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _______walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed 4. She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her. 规律2 空格+名词(限定词) 5. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ______ rice crop grow up quickly. 6. In the beginning, there was only______very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always thinking that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 7. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had______amazing conversation. 8. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _____ top floor. 9. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row. 10.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 规律3 空格+名词/代词( 介词） 11 … who should have the honour of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 12. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ______ the window… 13. …my credit card had already be en charged ______ the reservation. 14. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect______ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 15. The new boy looked at the teacher ______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered… 规律4 词和词之间没连词，句和句之间没连词（注意标点）（连词/连接词）16. …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ______ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
英语语法填空解题技巧与方法
英语语法填空解题技巧与方法 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题时可遵循“三步走”浏览全文，了解大意；边读边填，先易后难；验证核查，清楚难点。 语法填空的考察形式分为两大类：无提示词填空类；提示性词填空类 一．无提示词类。即纯空格题。（只限一个单词） 纯空格填空题主要是填冠词（a/ an /the）、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词.。 技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。 技巧2：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句（以句子为单位） 1.I have ___________ interesting book. _________ is called “Frozen” 2.___________ he worked very hard, he still failed the test. 3.He was very tired after working for a whole day, ____________ he felt very happy. 4.Whether we will go to the park depends _____________ the weather. 二．提示性填空类。即用所给词的适当形式填空，（此类题填空不超过三个单词）。此类型的题一般考察动词的时态、语态、单复数；动词非谓语（to do / done/ doing）; 词性的转换（形名副动）；adj/ adv 的比较级和最高级。 注意：(一)、.判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要从以下两点进行思考：（1）. 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关 系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态和单复数 1 . Friends can always _____________(trust),loved and respected. 2.People in the future _______________(know) and benefit from the technology. （2.）若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓 语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，（用不定式表示具体情况） (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式 (3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed） 1.We are supposed to work very hard _____________(go) to a good university.
高考真题语篇型语法填空专题展示-详解篇
2016-2018高考真题展示 Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅱ) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the govern- ment8 (start) a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 答案 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。 1.has grown句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。 3.actually句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形式actually。 4.to improve句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高 水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动词不定式作目的状语。 5.than句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less 可 知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。 6.pollution句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。 7.global句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。 8.started句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年 政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
英语语法填空解题技巧 做英语语法填空的技巧
英语语法填空解题技巧做英语语法填空的技巧 英语语法填空被认为是一种障碍性阅读理解题型，那么你知道怎样做好英语语法填空吗?下面是小编为你整理的做英语语法填空的方法，希望大家喜欢! 做英语语法填空的技巧 技巧一：名词形式变化。 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from schoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，
所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格children’s。 技巧二：动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是将来作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。 例：The king decided to see the painter by (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。 英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和
中考语法填空解题技巧
根据设题类型，语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换。而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。 (一)提示性填空的解题技巧 技巧一：若提示词为动词，则先要进行两个步骤：首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分，其次标出句子中动词。 1.若句中无谓语动词，说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致;1）若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last night, yesterday, 则就将提示词变成过去式；2）若是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词也应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下： 一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries；以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys；以o结尾加es。如：does, goes；特殊的有：are-is, have-has 如果空格前是助动词、情态动词或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是动词原形。例如can,will等情态动词后加动词原形。 例1：He____ (come) to school early this morning. 解析：题目中的this morning过去式，所以把come-came 例2：She _____(like) playing sports every day.
2017高考题型专项练习之五—语法填空
语法填空 (1) The Internet has become part of young people’s life. 1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get 2____ (use) information on the Internet 3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many stud ents don’t use it 4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites 5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen 6___ students spend too much time on the Internet. 7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, 8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make 9____ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face 10_____ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. (2) Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world’s great 1____ are located on rivers, and almost 2_____ country has at least one river flowing through it that plays 3_____ important part in the lives of its people. Since the beginning of history, people 4_____ (use) rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi, and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. 5_____ transportation, rivers give water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people 6___ live along their banks. However, large cities and industries that are located on rivers often make problems. As the cities grow 7_____ size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes 8_____ (pollute) with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the 9_____ (important) of doing more to keep their rivers clean 10______ they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource. (3) Liu Xiang was the first Asian 1_____ (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. 2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the young people. “I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic 3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese 4____ for Asia. My race went 5_____ (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is 6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for 7____their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we 8_____ run as fast as anybody else.” Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. 9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s 10____ I love.”
语法填空解题技巧分析
语法填空解题技巧分析-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
每日一练 2016/2/15 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分) A Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband , Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 21. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney A. Go shopping B. Find a house C. Join his family D. Take a vacation 22. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______. A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman C. a letter in his papes D. a stranger in Sydney 23. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph me an? A. Showed B. Sent out C. Delivered D. Gave back 24. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends. 第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we
高考语法填空考点总结及备考技巧(无答案)
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高三英语语法填空解题技巧
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