英国文学I wondered lonely as a cloud赏析整理
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth
1
I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, （Simile）
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, （Simile）
When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花, （Personification/Metaphor）
A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, （alliteration）
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。（Personification/Metaphor
2
Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,
And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; （一二两行Simile/hyperbole）They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,
Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; （三四两行Simile/hyperbole）Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。（personification）
3
The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, （personification）Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; （personification）
A poet could not but be gay；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,
In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟
What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
4
For oft when on my couch I lie后来多少次我郁郁独卧,
In vacant or in pensive mood, 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠;
They flash upon that inward eye这景象便在脑海中闪现,
Which is the bliss of solitude, 多少次安慰过我的寂寞;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, 我的心又随水仙跳起舞来,
And dances with the daffodils....我的心又重新充满了欢乐。（personification）
1. The poet: William Wordsworth (1770--1850），Poet Laureate“桂冠诗人”，Lake Poets 湖畔派诗人（与Robert Southey一起）
2. Background:Poem recaptures a moment on April 15, 1802, when Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, were walking near a lake at Grasmere, Cumbria County, England, and came upon a shore lined with daffodils. (据说根据兄妹一起出去玩时看到水仙，被大自然的妩媚所吸引这一经历写成，体现了是人关于诗歌应描写“平静中回忆起来的情感”，emotion recollected in tranquility）
3. Theme：
1. Nature's beauty uplifts the human spirit. Lines 15, 23, and 24 specifically refer to
this theme.
2. People sometimes fail to appreciate nature's wonders as they go about their daily
routines. Lines 17 and 18 suggest this theme.
3. Nature thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of
the lake without the need for human attention.
4. Genre：Lyric poem
5. Rhyme Skill:ababcc, efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnn四步抑扬格？
6. Structure: four stanzas, each including 6 lines
7. Rhetoric(修辞）:Simile明喻，personification拟人，hyperbole夸张，alliteration头韵。（已在文中标出）
8. Some Questions
（1）What does the image of cloud suggest to you?
Loneliness, isolation, solitude, aimlessness, aloofness
I wandered lonely as a cloud---loneliness
That floats on---aimlessness
High over vales and hills---solitude, isolation
Cloud represents the feelings
of the speaker (the poet) essentially.
（2）What has cheered the poet up? And how?
a host of golden daffodils,
fluttering, dancing and glittering daffodils
Shine and twinkle as the stars
Stretched endlessly
The cloud-like poet is deeply attracted by the beauty of the nature and turns to be high-spirited, instead of being lonely any more.
（3）What has the poet meditated from what he has described? And the theme?
In loneliness or in low spirit, the recollection of the nature beauty brings him “the bliss”and “pleasure”in his heart.
Therefore the idea of going back to nature
is advocated and clearly expressed in this poem.
（4）Pay attention to the tense used in this poem. What does it indicate?
past tense
the recollection of the past experience will arouse a new sense of the old memories “what wealth the show to me had brought”
“the bliss of solitude/ flash upon that inward eye”
（5）What does the poem impress you most?
Use of image
Vivid description of nature
Daily language
9.诗歌赏析：（仅限参考理解）
这首诗基本上是用抑扬格四音步来写的。每节中第一行和第三行押韵,第二行和第四行押韵,最后两行押韵,这样就产生了一种强烈的节奏感,使此诗顺畅如行云流水,诵之琅琅上口,闻之和谐悦耳,极具音韵美。此诗的音韵美除了加强音乐性,准确地表现了音响特色外,还充分表达出渗透在艺术形象中的感情色彩,即诗人把优美的形式和深刻的思想结合在了一起,这方面无疑是最重要的。
二、视觉效果
《咏水仙》给人一种艺术美的享受。它的美在于它极其生动形象地摹画了水仙花,在想象中满足了我们的视觉欣赏要求。这首诗运用不同的修辞手段来转达意象,增强了诗的艺术感染力,
使诗的语言更加生动和富有创造力。在第一节的第一二行里,诗人用明喻把自己比喻成一朵流云飘荡在溪谷群山之上。这种表达要比一般的描述“我以轻快的步子来回走着”要形象生动得多。它充分表达了诗人的自由自在、无忧无虑及其悠然自得的神情。在第一节最后一行和第二节最后一行里,诗人运用了拟人手法:在湖边的树荫下,在微风吹拂中,水仙花千朵万朵起舞波荡,这两行生动地描写了水仙花优美的姿态。在第三节前两行里又用了拟人手法:“粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳,却不如这水仙舞得轻俏”,这两行就更加渲染了水仙花的外在美。美丽的水仙花深深地感染了诗人,使他内心充满欢乐。在第二节第一二行和第三四行中,诗人用明喻和夸张手法描写了一簇簇水仙花仿若群星璀璨,亮闪闪遍洒银河,沿着海湾向前延伸,通向远方,无穷无尽。这几行表明了美丽的水仙花开遍大地,显示出它们旺盛的生命力,同时也暗示了诗人对人生价值的渴求以及对美好生
活的向往。诗的最后一行又用了拟人手法,表明了诗人无论什么时候想起它们,心中都会充满快乐。水仙花成了诗人的精神慰藉,这就更加突出了诗的主题。上面这些意象交织存在、反复出现,把我们带到了开满水仙花的场面,如身临其境,触景生情,使我们完全被诗人的语言感化了。如果闭上眼睛想象诗中的语言,我们的脑海里就会勾勒出一幅大自然质朴的美景。
三、意境
《咏水仙》的美还体现在它的意境上面。《咏水仙》带有浓烈的象征主义色彩。诗中所描写的平静、欢欣的水仙就是诗人自己的象征,在诗中,诗人的心灵和水仙的景象融合了。水仙花使诗人产生联想,感受到了一份无比的快乐和幸福。这物与人,景与情浑成一体,契合无间,水乳交融。景是情的外化,情是景的内涵,因景而生情,缘情而造景,美的意境就产生了。
在诗的开头,诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云,孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙,它们欢快地遍地开放。在诗人的心中,水仙已经不是一种植物了,而是一种象征,代表了一种灵魂和一种精神。一簇簇水仙花在微风中起舞,微微颔首,仿若群星璀璨,亮闪闪遍洒银河。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳,却不如水仙花舞得如此轻俏,此等美景,如果不去田园山野,又怎能看得见、闻得到呢?在诗人的心中,水仙代表了自然的精华,是自然心灵的美妙表现。
在诗的末尾,诗人“多少次郁郁独卧,寂寞难耐,感到百无聊赖心灵空漠”的时候,水仙花可爱的景象便在他脑海中闪现,诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。这时诗人写出了一种对社会的感受:在城市文明所带来的丑恶的现实社会中,那高傲、纯洁的灵魂只能是郁郁寡欢。这正好和以水仙花为代表的大自然的欢快、美好和淡泊形成了鲜明的对比。在诗人看来,只有在大自然中才能寻找理想,寻找安慰,寻找人性最后归宿的情怀;只有大自然能够启迪人性中博爱和善良的感情,能够抚慰人的心理创伤,使人得到真正的幸福。这首诗虽然是在咏水仙,但同时也是诗人自己心灵的抒发和感情的自然流露。
总之,华兹华斯的《咏水仙》语言清新淡雅,情感真切自然,观察细致入微,不愧为脍炙人口的名篇。
Summary, Stanza 1 ：
Wandering like a cloud, the speaker happens upon daffodils fluttering in a breeze on the shore of a lake, beneath trees. Daffodils are plants in the lily family with yellow flowers and a crown shaped like a trumpet. Click here to see images of daffodils. Summary, Stanza 2
The daffodils stretch all along the shore. Because there are so many of them, they remind the speaker of the Milky Way, the galaxy that scientists say contains about one trillion stars, including the sun. The speaker humanizes the daffodils when he says they are engaging in a dance.
Summary, Stanza 3
In their gleeful fluttering and dancing, the daffodils outdo the rippling waves of the lake. But the poet does not at this moment fully appreciate the happy sight before him. In the last line of the stanza, Wordsworth uses anastrophe, writing the show to me had brought instead of the show brought to me. Anastrophe is an inversion of the normal word order.
Summary, Stanza 4
Not until the poet later muses about what he saw does he fully appreciate the cheerful sight of the dancing daffodils. Wordsworth again uses anastrophe, writing when on my couch I lie and my heart with pleasure fills.
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