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Topic 5:Education and Training

Entrepreneurship education and training is used to investigate the rate and nature of training.As seen on the internet,the quality and percentage of entrepreneurship training vary from countries,and this have no relationship with the economic condition of the country investigated.

In Singapore(Data 2003), there is about 19.6% people surveyed has received entrepreneurship training.People who have received entrepreneurship in primary school or secondary school account for 9.4% of the people questioned.While 13.6% of the people surveyed claimed that they have had after-school training.There is about 50% people who have entrepreneurship training before 34 years old(18-24 years old 30.9%; 25-34 years old 19.4%).People between 35-44 years old and People between 45-54 years old account for about 19%(35-44 years old 18.7%; 45-54 years old 18.9%).The rest age group(55-64 years old) account for 13.2%.

While,in South Africa(Data 2001,2005,2009,2013),people were questioned about whether they have had early-stage entrepreneurial activities. The average percentage is shown below.People who have entrepreneurship training under 34 years old account for about 60%(18-24 years old 24.3%; 25-34 years old 36.1% ).People in 35-44 years old group account for 21.4% and people in 45-54 years old group account for 12.6%.The rest 5.6% lies in the 55-64 years old group.

In Singapore, the importance of entrepreneurship education and training is related to people’s current entrepreneurship status and his o r her entrepreneurship attitudes.The first one is the relationship between entrepreneurship training and involvement in early-stage entrepreneurial activities.Individuals involved in early-stage entrepreneurial activities have had received training in starting a new business than the others.correlations The relationship between education and training status and entrepreneurial intent, perceived opportunities, and perceived skills were clear(shown in the picture below).Which means that people who have received entrepreneurial education and training are more likely to perceive good opportunities when they try to have a new start.

(Proportion of Trained vs Untrained Individuals Who are Involved/Not Involved in TEA)

While in South Africa,The factors listed below have great importance in helping people to have a new start.The first one is the availability of entrepreneurial finance.The second one is the government policies, regulations and programs.The last one is the research and development transfer; and Physical infrastructure.It is a problem for South Africa to acquire funding in the entrepreneurial pipeline.They reason for this can easily be concluded: lacking sufficient collateral; enabling to produce a business plan in a form that is acceptable to a financial institution; poor market research and lacking access to markets.

Topic 6 NES(National Expert Survey ) Results

The National Expert Survey is part of the standard GEM methodology which assesses various Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions.There are nine framework conditions: 1.Entrepreneurial Finance(The availability of financial resources-equity and debt-for new and growing firms which including grants and subsidies).

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,ernment Policy(The extent to which the government policies give support to the new and growing firms).

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,ernment Entrepreneurship Programs(The accessibility and quality of government programs aimed at supporting new and growing firms).

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,cation and Training(The availability and effectiveness of entrepreneurial education and

training institutes of learning provided in the country).

5.Research and Development Transfer(The extent to which research and technology can be accessed by and translated to new business ventures for new and growing firms).

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,mercial and Professional Infrastructure(The presence of property rights, commercial, accounting, and other legal assessment services and institutions which supports new and

growing firms).

7.Market Openness(The degree to which new and growing firms are free to enter existing markets).

8.Physical Infrastructure(The extent to which, new and growing firms have equal access to the physical infrastructure available in the country).

9.Cultural and Social Norms(The extent cultural and social norms encourage entrepreneurship in the country).

In the table below,The NES adopted a 5-point rating scale where 1 = Completely False, 2 = Somewhat False, 3 = Neither True nor False, 4 = Somewhat True, and 5 = Completely True.

Overall results for Singapore’s framework conditions

Framework conditions Singapore

2012

(average)

Singapore

2013

(average)

GEM

2013

(average)

Financial Support 3.4 3.5 2.7

Government Policies 3.8 3.9 2.6

Government Programs 3.5 3.7 2.9

Education & Training 2.9 3.0 2.5 Research & Development transfer 2.9 3.2 2.6 Commercial & Professional

Infrastructure 3.3 3.5 3.2

Market Openness 3.0 3.4 2.8 Access to Physical Infrastructure 4.7 4.5 4.0 Cultural & Social Norms 3.2 3.2 2.8

EFCs influencing early-stage and established business entrepreneurs in South Africa, 2010 and 2013

Framework conditions South Africa

2010

(average)

South

Africa

2013

(average)

GEM

2013

(average)

Financial Support 2.5 3.3 2.7

Government Policies 2.7 3.0 2.6

Government Programs 2.1 2.2 2.9

Education & Training 2.9 3.0 2.5 Research & Development Transfer 2.1 2.1 2.6 Commercial & Professional

Infrastructure 3.0 2.7 3.2

Market Openness No data No data 2.8 Access to Physical Infrastructure 3.0 2.8 4.0 Cultural & Social Norms No data No data 2.8

As shown in the tables above,in South Africa,there is no data in Market Openness and Cultural&Social Norms so that no comparison can be made between Singapore and South Africa and conclusion can not be made in this two https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,pare the figures in Singapore with the GEM average,the figure in Singapore is bigger than the GEM average in Market Openness and Cultural&Social part.

Only in the condition Education&Training,Singapore and South Africa have the same figure.

In other conditions,such as Financial Support,Government Policies,Government Programs,Research & Development Transfer,Commercial & Professional Infrastructure and

Access to Physical Infrastructure ,Singapore is a little more than the figure in South Africa.

Here is more detailed comparison between South Africa and Singapore in Government Policies.

Average expert ratings on government policies for entrepreneurship in South Africa, 2010 and 2013

Government Policy Entrepreneurial Framework Condition Mean score

2010

Mean

score

Government policies (e.g. public procurement)

consistently favor new firms

2.22 2.74 Support for new and growing businesses is a high

priority for policy at the national government level. 3.09 3.00

Support for new and growing businesses is a high priority for policy at local government level. 2.77 2.88

New firms can get most of the required permits and

licenses in about a week.

1.63 1.88

The amount of taxes is NOT a burden for new and growing

firms

2.20 1.91

Taxes and other government regulations are applied to new

and growing firms in a predictable and consistent way. 2.77 2.61 Coping with government bureaucracy, regulations and

licensing requirements is not unduly difficult for new and

growing firms.

1.94

2.00

The table above shows that almost all the framework conditions remain below a rating

of 3.0 and very little improvement has taken place in these https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,ernment has a significant influence on the level of all these conditions and hence can play a vital role

in small business development. Recommendations on how to improve these will be discussed https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6515379718.html,ernment policies have a significant influence on labor conditions in South Africa and labor conditions have a marked influence on whether a person actually starts a business and whether the business will be sustainable or not.

Average expert ratings on government policies for entrepreneurship in Singapore.

Government Policy Entrepreneurial Framework Condition Singapore (Average)

Government policies (e.g. public procurement) consistently

favor new firms.

3.1 Support for new and growing businesses is a high priority

for policy at the national government level. 3.9 Support for new and growing businesses is a high

priority for policy at local government level. 3.9 New firms can get most of the required permits and licenses in

about a week

4.3

The amount of taxes is NOT a burden for new and growing firms 4.2

Taxes and other government regulations are applied to new

and growing firms in a predictable and consistent way.

4.3

Coping with government bureaucracy, regulations and

licensing requirements is not unduly difficult for new and

growing firms.

1.94

The table above shows that almost all the framework conditions remain above a rating of 3.0 which is relatively higher of that in South Africa.