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八年级下册英语unit4

初二下册英语学习第四课时

一、知识讲解

◆Unit4 He said I was hard-working.

重点短语

first of all pass on be supposed to do better in be in good health

report card get over open up care for have a party for sb.

be mad at sb. How’s it going? go over

重点句子解析

◆I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(还没有做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已经做过了)

e.g. When you leave the classroom, don’t forget to turn off the lig hts.

I forgot meeting him before.

类似的还有：

remember to do sth. 记得做某事(还没有做)

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已经做过了)

e.g.“Remember to finish your homework on time, Li Ming”, his mother said.

I remember telling this story for several times.

◆I said I didn't think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.

注意:think 用法：如果think 引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。

e.g. 翻译下列句子：

我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。

I don’t think it is the right time for you to tell your father about that.

◆Y esterday she told me she was sorry she'd gotten mad.

◆Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom.

prefer的用法：prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿

prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢…胜过…

prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…而不喜欢…

prefer to do rather than do 宁愿…而不愿…

e.g. Do you prefer coffee or tea? He prefers talking to doing.

They prefer to die rather than surrender.

◆And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals.

having an English name …中having 是动词ing形式, 用来做主语。

e.g. Getting up early every day is his good habit.

Swimming is her favorite sport.

◆Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for China's contact with the world.

contact的用法：

contact n. be in contact with 和...接触，有联系

They have been in contact with each other for five years.

She comes into contact with many people.

contact v. She contacted me as soon as she arrived.

◆On the other hand, some people who come to China choose Chinese names.

on one hand on the other hand

e.g.On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry.

语法讲解

直接引语和间接引语

（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。

例如：

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homew ork.

2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。

例如：

She asked Jack, “Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.

He said, “These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.

（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

1.陈述句的间接引语

陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。

“I want the blue one.” he told us.→He told us that he wanted the blue one.

She said to me, “You can’t settle anything now.”

→She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then.

2. 疑问句的间接引语

直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：

(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。

如：“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.

→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.

(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。

如：

“Which room do you live in?” He asked. →He asked me which room I lived in.

“What do you think of the film?” She asked.

→She asked her friend wha t she thought of the film.

(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。

如：“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked.

→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.

“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.

→Kate ask ed whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.

3. 祈使句的间接引语

当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把间接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。

如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”

→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.

The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”

→The teacher told the students to stop talking.

“Don’t touch anything.” He said.→He told us not to touch anything.

4. 动词时态和代词等的变动

(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：直接引语间接引语

today that day

now then, at that moment

yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the next day / the following day

the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days

next week/ month etc the next week/month etc

last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before

here there

this that

these those

come go

bring take

(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：

现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时；

“I feel better today.” He said. →He said that he felt better that day.

现在进行时变为过去进行时；

“Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said.

→Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing.

巩固练习

I. Put the following into reported speech.

1. “In most countries red stands for danger.” Said Mr. Jackson.

2. “You must leave a message for your mother.” Said Tom.

3. “Are you being attended to, sir?” He asked.

4. “Shall I carry your bag for you?” Mary asked.

5. “Do you know her name?” My friend Jack asked me.

6. “Where is the nearest hospital?” John asked.

7. “Don't look out of the window when you have classes.” Our teacher told us.

8. “Make good use of your time.” Mr. Li advised.

9. He asked Li Ying “Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?”

10. He asked me, “When did you see the film?”

II. Please change the following sentences from indirect speech into direct speech.

11. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.

Betty asked me，“___ ___ at home ___?”

12. She said that she had been back for a week.

She said，“___ ___ ___ for a week.”

13. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.

Mr. Smith said，“John ___ ___ all about it three weeks ___.”

14. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.

The teacher asked his student，“Why __ __ __ so many mistakes in the test __ time?”

15. The teacher asked us whether we were ready.

The teacher asked us，“___ ___ ___?”

16. The teacher told her not to be late any more.

The teacher ___ ___ her，“___ ___ late any more!”

17. My doctor told me not to read in bed.

My doctor ___ ___ me，“___ ___ in bed.”

18. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English.

Liu Ying said to me，“___ ___ help ___ with ___ English.”

19. Do you know what factory his father works in?

What factory ___ his father ___ in? Do you know?

20. The monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.

The monitor said, “We ___ ___ to have a meeting ___.”

III. Reading

Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem. One of these, for example, was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci. In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly. Among these designs there was actually one for a helicopter. There was also another one for a parachute (降落伞). But these things were all designs. They were never built.

Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly. A typical example was a man in England 800 years ago. He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. Then he fixed them to his shoulders and jumped into the air from a tall building. He did not fly very far. Instead, he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body,

The first real steps took place in France, in 1783. Two brothers, the Montgolfiers, made a very large "hot air balloon". They knew that hot air rises. Why not fill a balloon with it? The balloon was made of cloth and paper. In September of that year, the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon. They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky. The passengers were a sheep, a chicken and a duck. We do not know how they felt about the trip. But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely. Two months later, two men did the same thing. On 21 November, Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis a Arlande rose above Paris in a similar balloon. Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they traveled about eight kilometers.

21. In the sixteenth century, __________ was built to help fly in the sky.

A. a helicopter

B. parachute

C. designs for machines

D. nothing

22. The man with a pair of wings from chicken feathers _________.

A. flew very far

B. flew a short distance

C. realized his dream

D. fell to the ground and died

23. The “hot air balloon”could fly because __________.

A. hot air rises

B. it is made of cloth and paper

C. there's a balloon with it

D. it's very large

24. On 21 November, Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis a Arlande rose above Paris _______.

A. in the same balloon as a sheep，a chicken and a duck were once in

B. in a completely different balloon

C. in another “hot air balloon”

D. in a helicopter

25. The best title for this passage is “_____________”.

A. Two Brothers，The Montgolgiers

B. Hot Air Balloons And Wings Made From Chicken Feathers

C. Designs For Machines That Would Fly

D. Trip In Hot Air Balloon

单元检测

一、根据句意及首字母提示写出各句中所缺单词的正确形式。

1. She said she was having a s_________ party for Lana.

2. Sally borrowed my jacket, but she didn’t r________ it to me.

3. I think I’ll do b________ than last year.

4. Don’t c______ others’ homework. Y ou should do it yourself.

5. Please give your r_______ card to your parents.

二、用方框中所给词的正确形式填空：

be mad at be supposed to in good health pass... message do well in

have a favor get over surprise party

1. She said she was having a _____ _______ for Mary on Saturday evening.

2. The old man _____ ______ ______ his son.

3. By the way, ______ this _____ to others.

4. We _____ ______ _____ finish the work this morning.

5. I _____ ______ _______ maths than English.

6. Grandpa was ill. We hope he is ____ _____ ______.

7. I’m sure she would _____ _______ any difficulty.

8. I _____ _______ ______ to ask you. Can I borrow your pen?

三、单项选择。

( )1. I ________ he ________ go there by himself.

A. think; won’t

B. don’t think; will

C. don’t think; is

D. think; isn’t going to

( )2. Lana said that she wasn't mad _________ Marcia anymore.

A. to

B. at

C. for

D. on

( )3. Do you think _________ an English film tomorrow night?

A. is there

B. there is going to be

C. there is going to have

D. will there be

( )4. Y ou are _________ to return the book to the library in two weeks.

A. supposed

B. wanted

C. shouted

D. thought

( )5. I am always _________ to speak in the front of the classroom.

A. disappointing

B. scared

C. surprised

D. nervous

( )6. Do you think it is difficult _________?

A. study English well

B. studies English well

C. studying English well

D. to study English well

( )7. She told us things there were ________ better than before.

A. more

B. much

C. very

D. nice

( )8. I don't think it's good to copy other's homework. Y ou should _________ it.

A. get over

B. get on

C. get up

D. get off

( )9. Could you ________ me how to ________ it in Chinese?

A. say; speak

B. speak; say

C. tell; say

D. say; tell

( )10. What happened ________ “Y oung Lives” last night?

A. on

B. in

C. to

D. of

( )11. I finished my ________ exam last week.

A. end of year

B. end of year’s

C. end-of year’s

D. end-of-year

( )12. I’m at Mary’s house ________ a homework project.

A. work on

B. working on

C. work

D. working

( )13. TV and computers can _________ our eyes to the outside world.

A. start with

B. open up

C. turn up

D. take up

( )14. She will go to Marcia's house _________ Friday night.

A. at

B. in

C. for

D. on

( )15. I hope you are ______ good health.

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. for

四、同义句转换：

1. I’m good at speaking Ja panese.

I can ______ ______ ______ speaking Japanese.

2. He is very well.

He is ______ ______ _______.

3. Don’t be angry with your son. I think he can do better next time.

Don’t ______ ______ ______ your son. I think he can do better next time.

4. Lana said to us, “ I’m happy to see you again.”

Lana ______ us _______ _______ happy to see _______ again.

5. “Y ou are like big brothers or sisters to us.” they said to us.

They said to us ______ ______ like big brothers or sisters to _______.

6. “Can I copy your homework?” he asked me.

He asked me ______ ______ ______ copy ______ homework.

7. Mary asked Ann, “ Why are you so excited?”

Mary asked Ann ______ ______ ______ so excited.

8. My sister said to me “I’m going to help you. ”（同义句）

My sister _____ me that _______ _____ going to help ________.

9. He said I was hard-working. （划线提问）

What _____ _____ ______?

五、完型填空

Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? Y ou may 1 they go to learn languages, P.E., history, science and all other 2 . But why do they learn these things?

We send our children to school to prepare them for the time 3 they will be big and will begin to work for 4 . Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life. But is that the 5 reason why they go to school?

There is more in education than just 6 facts. We go to school above all to learn how to learn, so that then we have left school we can 7 to learn. A man who really knows how to learn will always be successful, because whenever he has to do something new which he has never had to do 8 he will rapidly teach himself how to do it 9 the best way. The uneducated person, on the other hand, is 10 unable to do something new, or does it badly. The purpose of school, therefore, it not to teach languages, math, geography, etc, but to teach pupils the way to learn.

( ) 1. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk

( ) 2. A. matters B. subjects C. math D. physics

( ) 3. A. while B. when C. which D. where

( ) 4. A. oneself B. they C. them D. themselves

( ) 5. A. only B. nearly C . lone D. alone

( ) 6. A. study B. studied C. learning D. learn

( ) 7. A. make B. keep C. keep on D. go on

( ) 8. A. later B. ago C. then D. /

( ) 9. A. from B. in C. with D. on

( ) 10. A. either B. neither C. other D. nor

六、阅读理解：

(A)

The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But people

are afraid of it when there is a strong wind.

The sea is very big. It covers （覆盖）three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep （深）in some places. There is one place in the sea. It is about 11 kilometers deep there. The highest mountain （由）in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If we put the mountain into the sea at that place, there is about 2 kilometers of water above it.

In most parts of the sea, there are a lot of fishes and small living （有生命的）things. Lots of fishes eat them.

The sea can be very cold. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Only some men can go down into the deep sea. But in 1970, five women lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.

1. Why are people afraid of the sea?

A. Because the sea is very big.

B. Because the sea is very deep.

C. Because there is a strong wind sometimes.

D. Because the sea will cover the land.

2. Lots of fishes ______.

A. don’t come out of the sea because it’s too hot

B. can’t live in the deep sea

C. have enough food because they are good at fishing

D. can eat the small living things if they’re hungry

3. In 1970, five women lived in the deep sea for 14 days. This showed ______.

A. living in the deep sea was interesting

B. the sea was not cold at all

C. women could do things as men

D. people wanted to know how cold it was

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The sea sometimes is very beautiful.

B. Only a quarter of the earth is land.

C. There are a lot of fishes in the sea.

D. If people go down into the sea, they will feel warmer and warmer.

(B)

A city is a very big place. Sometimes it’s a lonely place, too. There are thousands of people in a city, but some of them don’t have any friends.

How about yo u? Do you have a lot of friends? If you don’ t, make friends today. If you do, make another friend today.

Pick a stranger at your job or school. Walk up to him or her and say, “Hello. My name’ s....What’ s your name?” Start with a conversation(谈话).Smile, listen carefully, and show interest in your new friend’ s answers. Ask “Where are you from?” and “Do you like this city?” That’ s a good way to start.

阅读下列短文，判断正（T）误（F）

1. A city is a very big and noisy and lonely place.

2. Everyone in the city has many friends.

3. The paragraph tells us not to make friends in a city.

4. When you wanted to make friends with someone, please say at first, “What’ s your name? How old are you?”

5. It’ s a good thing to make friends with others.

七、书面表达

请按照所给的成绩报告单完成下面的这封信。开头已给出

Name: Jack，Class: Class 2, Grade 1 Math: hard-working

Spanish: good at speaking History: can do better

Chinese: so-so Science: lazy student

Geography: do well in writing

Dear parents,

I got my report card yesterday. I did OK in some subjects. My math teacher said _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Y ours Jack

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新版人教版八年级英语下册全册教案

新版人教版八年级英语下册全册教案 Unit 1 What 's the matter? 教学目标： 1 语言目标：描述健康问题的词汇，及如何根据别人的健康问题提建议。 2 技能目标：能听懂谈论健康问题的对话材料；能根据别人的健康问题提建议；能写出重点单词和重点句型，并能描述怎样对待健康问题。 3 情感目标：通过开展扮演病人等活动，培养学生关心他人身体健康的品质。通过本课的阅读，培养学生处理紧急事件的基本能力，树立紧急事件时互相帮助的精神。教学重点：短语: have a stomachache, have a cold, lie down, take one 's temperature, go to a doctor, get off, to one 's surprise, agree to do sth., get into trouble, fall down, be used to, run out (of), cut off , get out of, be in control of , keep on (doing sth.), give up 句子: 1 What 's the matter? I have a stomachache. You shouldn 'teat so much next time. 2 What 's the matter with Ben? He hurt himself. He has a sore back. He should lie down and rest.

3 Do you have a fever? Yes, I do. No, I don 't. I don 't know. 4 Does he have a toothache? Yes, he does. He should see a dentist and get an X-ray. 5 What should she do? She should take her temperature. 6 Should I put some medici ne on it? Yes, you should No, you should n '教学难点：掌握情态动词should \shouldn '.的用法；学习have的用法。课时划分： Section A1 1a —2d Section A2 3a-3c Secti on A3 Grammar Focus-4c Section B1 1a-2e Section B2 3a-Self check Sectio n A 1 (1a -2d) Step 1 Warming up and new words 1. Look at a picture and learn the parts of the body. 2. New words and phrases. Step 2 Prese ntati on