2020-2021学年英语人教版选修8学案：Unit3SectionⅡLearningaboutLa

Section ⅡLearning about Language & Using Language

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的

freeze v t. & v i. 冻结；凝固

2．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明

identify v t. 确认；鉴定

identified adj. 被识别的；被认可的

3．dial v t. 拨(电话)

4．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的

innocence n. 清白；无罪；天真

5．bear v t. (bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担

6．tap v t. & v i.轻打；轻拍；轻敲；n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头7．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的

8．associate v t. 联想；联系；n. 同伴；伙伴

association n. 社团；联系；联想

9．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的

practically ad v. 实际上；事实上

practice v t. & v i. & n. 实践；练习

10．competence n. 能力；胜任；本领

competent adj. 能胜任的；有能力的；称职的

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．take_up 拿起；开始；从事

2．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入

3．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)

4．hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住

5．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障

6．get_through (设法)联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过7．ring_back 回复电话

8．ring_off 挂断电话

Ⅲ.重点句式

1．it＋be＋adj.＋to do...

In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to_recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.

在法庭上，有时很难辨别谁是无辜的，谁是有罪的。

2．as＋adj./ad v.＋as...

This is not as_easy_as it sounds.

这听起来没有那么容易。

3．祈使句＋and＋陈述句

Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.

跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。

课文预读

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔

[第1～2段译文]

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔1847年出生于苏格兰，但在他还小的时候，他家就搬到了美国的波士顿。他的母亲几乎全聋了，因此他有志于帮助聋人交流，并从事聋人教育事业。这一爱好促使他发明了麦克风。他发现他把嘴唇放到母亲的额头上，就可以使母亲听懂他所说的话。

他认为一个人应当具有好奇心，他最著名的一句话是：

“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”

[第3段译文]

正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的发明——1876年的电话。贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想

设计的东西是多路电报。这种原始的电报用莫尔斯电码长距离传送信息(莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连串点、划)。但是这样一次只能发一个信息。贝尔想改进电报通讯方式，以便同时能发出好几个信息。他设计了一种机器，以使声波分成不同的音调，从而有可能在同一时间里进行不同的通话。但是他发现这个问题很难解决。有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个耳聋的人的耳鼓膜连接起来，另一端连接了一块被烟熏过的玻璃。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波画在玻璃上。突然间他灵机一动，灵感来了。如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。在探求改进电报的过程中，贝尔发明了第一台电话机！

[第4～7段译文]

贝尔完全意识到这项发明的重要性，他写信对他的父亲说：

“这样的一天即将到来。到那时，电报线将会铺到各家各户，就

像水和煤气通到各家各户一样。朋友之间不必离开家就可以彼此通话了。”

这项专利是1876年授予的，但是直到5天以后贝尔才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。他说的话现在已成名言了：“华生先生——到这儿来——我想见到你。”

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是个闲不住的人，他对许多其他领域的发明都感兴趣。他试验直升飞机和设计飞行器。他寻找一种足以把人带上天空的风筝，他又试着把三角形拼装在一起，因而发现了四面体。这种四面体非常稳定，被证明是在桥梁设计中的无价之宝。

贝尔的一生都在发明创造。他11岁时就有了第一项发明，而他的最后一项发明则是在他75岁高龄的时候。虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。

课文理解

Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)

1．It was his interest in problems and his hard work that led to his most famous invention.(F)

2．During the design of a multiple telegraph, Bell invented the telephone occasionally.(T)

3．Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he was an inventor all his life.(T)

Ⅱ.课文阅读理解

1．Alexander Graham Bell invented the microphone because ________.

A．he was interested in the microphone

B．he liked inventing anything he liked

C．he wanted to help deaf people like his mother to communicate with others

D．he had nothing to do but kill the time

答案：C

2．Which of the following is WRONG?

A．Bell's exploration and dynamic spirit led to his invention of the telephone.

B．Bell invented the first telephone in searching to improve the telegraph.

C．Bell was always aimed at improving the quality of everyone's life.

D．Bell sent his first telephone message before he got his patent.

答案：D

3．From the whole passage we can see that Alexander Graham Bell was a(n) ________ person.

A．intelligent B．creative

C．brave D．diligent

答案：B

1 freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 n. 冰点

(1)freezing cold相当冷

above/below freezing 在冰点以上/以下

freezing point 冰点；凝固点

(2)freeze v. (使)结冰；(使)凝固

freeze to death 冷得要死；冻死

(3)frozen adj. 冻结的；冷冻的

[即学即用]

(1)It's freezing outside!

外面冷极了！

(2)It was well below freezing when we left.

我们离开时，气温已降到冰点以下很多了。

(3)The pipes have frozen, so we've got no water.

水管冻住了，所以我们接不到水。

(4)Two men were_frozen_to_death on the mountain.

两个男子在山上被冻死了。

(5)The water was_freezing and he was forced to return to the beach.

水冰冷刺骨，他被迫回到海滩上。

2 innocent adj. 无辜的；清白的；无罪的；天真的

(教材P23)In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.

有时在法庭上很难分辨谁无罪谁有罪。

(1)be innocent of无辜的；无罪的

(2)be guilty of 有……罪

(3)innocence n. 无罪；纯真；单纯

[即学即用]

(1)He is an innocent victim.

他是个无辜的受害者。

(2)She is an innocent child.

她是一个天真无邪的孩子。

(3)He is innocent of cheating.

他没作弊。

(4)He is_innocent_of the crime.

他是无罪的。

(5)He is_guilty_of murder.

他犯了谋杀罪。

3 bear vt. 忍受，忍耐；负担，承受；生育 n. 熊

(教材P24)I cannot bear the smell of sausage burnt on the barbecue.

我无法忍受在烤架上烤香肠的味道。

(1)bear/stand/tolerate doing/to do sth.

忍受做某事

bear sb./sb's doing sth. 忍受某人做某事

put up with sth. 容忍某事

(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住……；牢记……

[温馨提示]

(1)bear作“忍受”讲时，后可跟v.-ing或不定式作宾语，且多与can/could连用；但一般情况下can't bear to do sth.表示某一次的动作，而can't bear doing sth.表示习惯性的动作。

(2)表示“忍耐，忍受”的单词和短语还有stand, tolerate, put up with等。

[巧学助记]

[即学即用]

(1)The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.

水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

(2)The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。

(3)I can't_bear_having_a_cat in the house.

我受不了家中养猫。

(4)You must_bear/keep_it_in_mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.

你一定要记住，你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

4 associate vt. 联想；联系

(教材P26)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.

虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。

(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.

把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……

be associated with... 和……有关

associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道

(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体

in association with... 与……合伙/合作；与……相关

[即学即用]

(1)Bear it in mind that you should never associate with dishonest boys.

你要记住，永远不要和不诚实的男孩们交往。

(2)I wouldn't want to be associated with Jack's project.

我不想与杰克的项目有任何瓜葛。

(3)She associated_happiness_with money.

她把幸福和金钱联系到了一起。

(4)The book was published in_association_with a British association.

这本书是和英国的一个协会合作出版的。

(5)一句多译

有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。

①There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)

②There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)

③There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)

1 dive into 迅速把手伸入；跳入(头朝下)；一心投入

(教材P25)Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.

偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。

dive v. & n．跳水；潜水

go diving 去潜水

make a dive (for sth.) (向……)迅速移动；猛然一跳；跃扑(去拿……)

[即学即用]

①The thief dived into the man's pocket and took out some money.

小偷迅速把手伸进那个人的口袋里，拿出一些钱。

②Wu Minxia dived_into_the_water with perfect posture and won cheers.

吴敏霞用完美的姿势跳水，赢得了喝彩。

③The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go_diving.

他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。

2 hang on 不挂断；坚持；稍等；紧紧握住

(教材P26)Hang on, please.

请别挂断电话。

[即学即用]

[一词多义]写出下列句中hang on的含义

①I asked him to hang on while I ran for a pen and a sheet of paper.别挂电话；稍等

②Try and hang on until help arrives.坚持

③He manages to hang on to a piece of rock sticking out from the cliff.紧紧握住

hang up/ring off挂断电话

hang around/about 闲荡；徘徊

hang back 退缩；犹豫

hang together (人)团结一致；同心协力；(言论等)一致；相符

④I was so angry that I hung up on him.

我一气之下挂断了他的电话。

⑤Why do these young fellows hang around/about all day doing nothing?

这些小伙子为什么整天闲逛无所事事呢？

⑥We must hang_together if we are going to get out of this mess.

要想走出困境，我们就必须齐心协力。

3 out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障

(教材P26)I'm sorry, but this phone is out of order.

对不起，这部电话坏了。

in order整齐，状况良好，按顺序

in good order 秩序井然

put/keep...in order 使……井然有序

[即学即用]

①I checked the files and some of them were out of order.

我检查了这些卷宗，其中一些次序颠倒了。

②I'll see to it that everything is in_good_order when the guests arrive.

我确保客人来时我会把一切都料理得井井有条的。

③Just give me five minutes to put my desk in_order.

给我五分钟整理一下书桌。

4get through (用电话)接通，打通；(设法)处理，完成；通过；度过；用完；耗尽

(教材P26)I can't get through.

我打不通电话。

[即学即用]

[一词多义]写出下列句中get through的含义

①Let's start—there's a lot to get through.完成

②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话

③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.度过

④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过

⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完

get across被理解；使人了解

get away with 被放过；受到从轻发落

get down to (doing)．.. 着手认真做某事

get over 克服

get on 进展；进步

get in 收获

⑥It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.

是时候我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。

⑦If we can get over the present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

如果我们克服了目前的困难，那么一切都应该好起来。

⑧He felt very ashamed to get away with punishment for such a serious mistake.

逃脱了这么严重的错误的惩罚，他感到非常羞愧。

1Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，

you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.

跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。

(1)本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。该句型中的祈使句有时也可用条件状语从句或非谓语动词改写。

①Listen carefully, and you'll understand it.

＝If you listen carefully, you'll understand it.

＝Listening carefully, you'll understand it.

仔细听，你就会明白。

(2)祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句(破折号起and的作用，从正面预测结果)

②Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.

尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。

(3)祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换)

③Give up smoking, or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.

→If_you_don't_give_up_smoking,_you may die of lung cancer.

如果你不戒烟，你可能会死于肺癌。

(4)名词短语＋and＋陈述句(名词短语中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)

④It is really very dangerous. One_more_step,_and the baby will fall into the well.

真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里了。

[名师点津]以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。

2The patent was given in 1876，but it was not until five days

later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.

这项专利是1876年授予的，但是直到5天以后贝尔才跟他的助手

华生通了第一次电话。

(1)It is/was not until...that...为not...until...句型的强调结构，意为“直到……才……”。

①It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.

直到雨停了我才回家。

②Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.

巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初他的音乐才能才得到完全认可。

(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，主句用倒装语序。

③Not until then did_I_realize the value of friends.

直到那时，我才意识到朋友的重要性。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．All the people present at the meeting were in favor of the plan because it was practical (实用的)．

2．Fortunately, the witness appeared in the court (法庭), which made everyone present relaxed.

3．Fuel prices have become more stable (稳定的) after several increases last year.

4．I had trouble understanding the French, so I got the Chinese version (版本) of the book from the library and read it.

5．A(n) triangle (三角形) is a flat shape made up of three straight lines.

6．For more information about the job, please contact the personnel manager.

7．As for American children, the Christmas is associated with excitement, happiness and gifts.

8．It is required that you should show your identification card when you buy tickets.

9．The selection process is based on strict tests of competence and experience.

10．It is reported that although they could earn more money, many workers couldn't bear being treated like a slave and left the factory.

Ⅱ.选词填空

He promised to ring_back in a few minutes.

2．The line is busy; would you like to hang_on?

3．He set_out to do a lot of things, but didn't succeed.

4．The man dived_into the river to save the drowning child.

5．The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.

6．I suppose I'd better ring_off now—we've been on the phone for over an hour.

7．All the villagers helped to search_for the missing child but their efforts were in vain.

8．It's the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through many hardships and survive.

Ⅲ.补全句子

1．Please bear/keep_it_in_mind：Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.

请牢记：成功源于勤奋，懒惰导致失败。

2．It was not_until_all_the_fish_in_the_river_died_out_that they realized the importance of environment protection.

直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，他们才意识到环保是多么重要。

3．I feel honored to have the chance to_live,_work_and_associate_with_them.

我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。4．Give me a chance, and_I'll_give_you_a_wonderful_surprise. 给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。

5．Every/Each_time_I_called_on_him,_he was busy.

每次我拜访他，他都很忙。