最新初中英语语法之三代词(通用版)汇编

初中英语语法之三代词

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、

"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

数单数复数

格主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称 I me we us

第二人称you you you you

he him they them

第三人称she her they them

it it they them

如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。

It's me.是我。

二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。

数单数复数

人称第一第二第三第一第二第三

人称人称人称人称人称人称

形容词性my your his/her its our your/their

物主代词

名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs

物主代词

如： I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

Our school is here，and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those 等。

如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意。

四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。

如： She was talking to herself.她自言自语。

五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。

如： They love each other.他们彼此相爱。

六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：

--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗？

--- Yes，I have one.--是的，我有一辆。

--- I don't know any of them.他们，我一个也不认识。

七、疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）

如：Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁。

八、关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。

如： He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。

3.1 人称代词的用法

1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）

a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？

b. -- Me.--我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）

说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。

---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。

---- Me too.--我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?

---- Not me.--我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)

They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

3.3 代词的指代问题

1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。

Nobody came, did he?谁也没来，是吗?

2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。

Give the cat some food. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。

3.4 并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：

第二人称－> 第三人称－> 第一人称

you －> he/she;it -> I

You, he and I should return on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：

第一人称－> 第二人称－> 第三人称

we－>you－>They

注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

3.5 物主代词

1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如：

Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.

His cap意为 The cap is his.

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语，例如：

May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语，例如：

I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c. 作介词宾语，例如：

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d. 作主语补语，例如：

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

3.6 双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。

公式为：

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：

a friend of mine.

each brother of his.

3.7 反身代词

1）列表

I you you she he

myself yourself yourselves herself himself

we they it one

ourselves themselves itself oneself

2）做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。

b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.

I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down.请坐。

3）作表语；同位语

be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

4）在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：

No one but myself (me) is hurt.

注意： a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car. (对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。

b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it.

5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。

You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。

3.8 相互代词

1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2）相互代词的句法功能：

a. 作动词宾语；

People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语；

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other，存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：

He put all the books beside each other. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：

The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。

3.9 指示代词

1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：单数复数

限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.

代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

2) 指示代词的句法功能；

a. 作主语

This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。

b. 作宾语

I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c. 作主语补语

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。

d. 作介词宾语

I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。

说明1：

指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）

(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）

(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）

(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)

说明2：

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）

(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）

3.10 疑问代词

1）疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：

指人： who, whom, whose

指物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

2）疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose 还可作限定词。试比较：

疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？

限定词：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些

事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？

说明1：无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which 则指在一定的范围内，例如：

Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？

What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？

说明2：Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）

Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）

To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。）说明3：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：

For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）

What are you looking for? 你在找什么？（现代英语）

说明4：疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：

I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。

3.11 关系代词

1）关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语语法代词专项练习

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We still have a little time. There is little time left. 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one. In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

初中英语语法之指示代词的分类

指示代词的分类 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数复数 限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers. 代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers. 编辑本段指示代词的句法功能 指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1、作主语 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 2、作宾语 I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个多于那个。 3、作介词宾语 I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 4、作表语

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 5、作定语 This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。 编辑本段指示代词的用法 1、this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如： This is a pen and that’s an eraser. 这是一支笔，那是块橡 皮擦。 This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩，那些是女孩。 2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如： I liked this movie today better than that concert last night. 我喜欢今天的这个电影，胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。 3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人也可指物。但是在相 当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如： I found this wallet. I found this. 我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。（this 等于 this wallet) Is she going to marry that man?