2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇_毙考题

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.

In Britain this has had a curious result.

While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.

It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air.

Hill s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.

They don t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.

It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.

The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing off-plan building where local people might object.

The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.

Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.

The Liberal Democrats are silent.

Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.

Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.

The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.

What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk.

The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.

Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.

He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.

This is not a free market but a biased one.

Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.

They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.

We do not ruin urban conservation areas.

Why ruin rural ones?

Development should be planned, not let rip.

After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe s most crowded country.

Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.

There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.

Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

与乡村人口相比，人类历史上第一次有更多的人居住在城镇。

这在英国产生了奇怪的结果。

民意调查显示，尽管英国人把乡村与英国皇室、莎士比亚和国民医疗服务制度一起当成英国的四大骄傲，但英国人的这种观点只得到了有限的政治支持。

一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚希尔发起成立了国民托管组织，此举不是去挽救那些雅致的房屋，而是为所有人永久保存自然之地的美。

此举是专门为城市居民提供休闲空间，在那里他们可以呼吸新鲜空气。

后来，由于希尔的助推，促成了各种国家公园和绿化带的建立。

而现在，公园和绿化带不再造就乡村，相反，混泥土建筑每年侵占更多的乡村。

乡村需要持续的保护。

但在下一届选举中，几个大党都不太可能支持这一观点。

保守党的规划改革明确表示要给予乡村开发而不是乡村保护优先权，该改革方案甚至批准了建造项目，但遭到了当地人的反对。

可持续发展观已经被定义成了有利可图的发展。

工党同样也想终止那些遭到地方议会反对的地方性规划。

而自由民主党则保持沉默。

只有英国独立党支持那些呼吁政府在使用绿地方面要深思熟虑的人，因为他们觉得自己的机会来了。

该党的保护英国乡村运动使许多地方性保守党胆战心惊。

乡村的新住房、工厂和办公室明显应该建在人聚居的地方，城镇的则要建在基础设施完善的地方。

最近，伦敦房地产中介公司Stirling Ackroyd 在伦敦找出了足够多的建设地点，这些地方能够建设五十万套住房，且不会侵占绿化带。

如果在伦敦市都能如此，那么在其他省份就更能如此了。

住房危机等同于混泥土草地的这个想法是纯粹的游说说辞。

真正的问题不在于需要更多的住房，而是像以往一样，在哪里建设它们。

迫于游说压力，乔治奥斯本选择支持在乡村建设新住房，而不是对城镇进行改造和翻新。

他支持在远离城镇的地方而不是商业大街上建设购物中心。

这种做法可不是自由的市场行为，而是存在偏见的市场行为。

乡镇和乡村已经得到了发展，并将一直发展下去。

当把高楼大厦保持在城镇和乡村的边缘，尊重它们的特色时，城镇和乡村才能发展得最好。

我们没有毁坏城镇的保护区域。

却为什么要去毁坏乡村的保护区域?

开发前需要规划，而不任其发展。

英国是继荷兰之后欧洲第二拥挤的国家。

但半世纪以来，合理的城乡规划使英国得以保留令其他国家羡慕的乡村协调性，同时还允许低密度的城镇人口。

不进行合理规划所带来的后果是毋庸置疑的无序的乡村建设使得葡萄牙南部，西班牙或爱尔兰的某些地带遭到破坏就是实例。

应该联合英国的左派和右派势力来避免无序的乡村建设这一政策，而不是支持无序的乡村发展这一政策。

法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它已决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。

上周，法国的立法者初步通过了一部法律，该法律将使用超瘦模特上T型台走秀定为犯罪。

法国议会还同意封禁那些推广极端的节食来诱使女性追求骨感体型的网站。

这些措施有几个积极的动机。

它们表明美不应该由外貌来定义，因为追求外貌美最终会危害人的健康。

这些措施只是反对追求骨感体型风气的一个开始。

禁止使用超瘦模特的目的不仅仅是保护模特不因减肥而把自己饿死有些模特就因减肥而饿死。

还警告时尚产业：对于女性该用什么样的社会标尺来判定自己的个人价值这一问题，时尚产业给女性，尤其是未成年少女，传达了错误的信号，时尚产业必须为此负责。

如果完全执行该禁令，它会将向女性(以及很多男性)表明：不要让别人成为自己美的评判者。

这些措施或许还隐约地暗示，人们应该注重个性和智力等无形的品质，而不是通过节食来达到零号身材或黄蜂腰体型。

然而，法国的这些举措过分依赖严厉的惩罚来改变时尚产业的文化，该文化依旧认为瘦到皮包骨是美。

该法律规定，使用没有达到政府体质指数要求的时尚模特的后果是罚款8.5万美元和服刑6个月。

时尚产业知道它们注重衣着打扮和理想体型的问题一直存在。

丹麦、美国和其他一些国家的时尚产业试图为模特和时尚形象设定一个非强制性标准，该标准更多地依靠同辈压力来执行。

相比于法国的措施，上月，丹麦时尚产业同意了关于模特的年龄、健康和其他特征的规定和惩罚。

最新修订的《丹麦时尚产业道德章程》明确规定：我们已经意识到时尚产业给体型观念带来的影响，尤其是给年轻人带来的影响，我们应该对此负责。

这个章程的主要执行方法是拒绝违反规定的设计师和模特经纪机构进入哥本哈根时尚周，该时尚周由丹麦时尚机构运作。

但总的来说，该举措依靠指名道姓的方法来确保该章程得到遵守。

依靠道德规劝而不是法律手段来矫正理想体型的错误观点或许才是最好的办法。

更好的措施就是有助于提升美的概念，使之超越某一特定产业的物质标准。

intellect[ intilekt]n. 智力，理智，才智非凡的人，知识份子联想记忆

signal[ signl]n. 信号，标志v. (发信号)通知、表示

mass[m s]n. 块，大量，众多adj. 群众的，大规模

approval[? pru:v?l]n. 批准，认可，同意，赞同

incite[in sait]v. 煽动，刺激，激励

severe[si vi?]adj. 剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，严厉的，严格的

elevate[ eliveit]vt. 举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞vi. 变

impact[ imp kt,im p kt]n. 冲击(力), 冲突，影响(力)

address[? dres]n. 住址，致词，讲话，谈吐，(处理问题的)技巧compliance[k?m plai?ns]n. 顺从，遵从，灵活

2018考研英语一答案

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2016年考研英语二真题参考答案Use of English 1. [C] how 2. [B] In particular 3. [D] necessary 4. [C] optimism 5. [D] change 6. [B] measured 7. [A] Sure 8. [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain 10. [B] factors 11. [A] desirable 12. [B] held 13. [A] attribute 14. [D] experienced 15. [C] also 16. [D] equally 17. [C] While 18. [C] hints 19. [A] shape 20. [B] lean towards Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21. [B] remodel the way of thinking 22. [D] interest 23. [A] help students learn other computer languages 24. [C] become better prepared for the digitalized world 25. [B] persuade Text 2 26. [D] its drastically decreased populatio 27. [C] granted less federal regulatory power 28. [A] agree to pay a sum for compensation 29. [D] the states 30. [A] the plan under challenge Text 3 31. [A] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32. [B] make passing time fulfilling

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