方位介词on_over和above_below和under的用法区别

on表示在一物体上，强调两物相接触，

over也表示在一物体上，但强调覆盖这一物体。试比较：

①She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。

②She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。

③There’s a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本杂志翻开着。

④There’s a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。

⑤The woman lifted a big jar on her head. 那位妇女头上顶着一只大坛子。

⑥She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。

over表示“越过”某一高度，具有动态之意，

on仅表示“处于……之上”，是静态。试比较：

⑦They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. 他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。(绳在

肩膀两边弯下去，不用on。)

To my horror, I saw, over my father’s sho ulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是，从我父亲的肩膀上看过去，我发现非洲士兵最危险的敌人--------一只大猩猩。(视线越过肩膀后，一直向前方延伸，不用on. )

⑨ The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 农民们肩上扛着锄头，向田地走去。(仅表示锄头所处的位置。是静态，用on，不用over. )

over和above都可以用来表示“高于”，相当于“higher than”。例如：

① The water came up over/above our knees. 水已涨至我们膝盖之上。

② Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? 你看到那一片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗？▲如果要表示“覆盖”或“越过”，则用over。如：

③ There’s thick cloud over the south of England. 英格兰南部地区一片乌云。

④ Elect ricity cables went over the fields. 电缆线越过田野。(这句也可以用across)

▲指数量时，我们一般用over(＝more than)表示“超过”，但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时，要用above。试比较：

⑤ You have to be over 18 to see this film. 你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。(不用above)

⑥ The temperature is three degrees above zero. 温度在零上三度。(不用over)

⑦ The mountain is over(＝more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。

▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under。

above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方，反义词是below.

below与under 区别一两者都可表示“低于”，under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方，而below 则不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。如：Look in the cupboard below [under] the sink. 到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain. 登山队员们在离山顶300 米处停了下来。换句话说，表示正下方，两者都可用；不表示正下方，则通常用below。

区别二两者均可表示数量方面的“少于”，但在现代英语中，以用under 为多见。如：He can’t be much below [under] sixty. 他的年龄不可能比60 岁小很多。There were under forty people at the meeting. 参加会议的人不足40 人。It took us under an hour. 我们用了不到1 个小时。注：在现代英语中，below 表示“少于”，主要用于表示温度、高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况。如：This place is below sea level. 此地在海平面以下。The temperature is two degrees below zero. 温度是零下2 度。

区别三若表示一物被另一物所覆盖，则通常用under。如：She crept in beside him under the bedclothes. 她钻进被窝躺在他身旁。

区别四表示职位、级别等关系时，用under 表直接关系，用below 表非直接关系。比较：Mr A is under Mr B. A 先生是B 先生的部下。Mr A is below Mr B. A 先生比B 先生职位低。

这里没有苹果——There is no apple here.

这里没有男孩——There is no boy here.

没有剩下苹果——There is no apple left.

因为前面用的是is，所以后面得跟单数的名词。

如果前面用的是are，那么no 的后面就跟复数。

这里没有任何苹果——There are no apples here.

这里没有任何男孩——There are no boys here.

没有剩下任何苹果——There are no apples left.

Any 和No 都是不定形容词，而这两个形容词都可以接单数，也都可以接复数。

这两个词也正好可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，如以下——

Any question.... any questions....any water...

No question... no questions... no water....

加单数还是复数主要是看你想要表达甚麼样的量。

你认为教室里应该有一个人，但是却没有，你就可以说：

There is no person in the classroom（单数）。

如果你认为教室应该有一些人，但是却没有，你就可以说:

There are no people in the classroom（复数）。

同样的，当你想问别人有问题吗？你心里认为应该对方可能只有一个问题，那你就说：Any problem?（单数）

如果你认为对方可能有很多问题，那当然可以问：Any problems?（复数）

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