四级翻译练习

1在中国文化中，红色通常象征（mean/symbolize/represent）着好运、长寿（longevity）和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合（joyous occasion），红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系（associate sth.with sth.）。

然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为（offense）。

2 随着中国的改革开放（with China’s reform and opening up），如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼（the Western-style wedding）。新娘（bride）在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱（wedding dress/wedding gown），因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征（a symbol of sth.）。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼（funeral）上使用的颜色。因此务必记住（bear it in mind that / be sure to remember that），白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人（patient in critical condition）。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。

3 在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义（a unique symbolic meaning）。在封建社会(feudal society)中，它象征统治者的权利和权威在（authority）。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，黄袍（the imperial robe）总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是

禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈（happiness and gratitude），庆祝丰收。

4 随着世界人口越来越密集(densely populated),空气污染已经成了严重的问题。空气污染主要来源于四个主要的人类活动领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。经营工厂,为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力都需要能源。几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的,这就会造成空气污染。科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式。增强的公共环保意识使诸如回收利用(recycling)等活动产生。

5 西湖是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。它位于浙江省省会杭州，水域面积约6平方公里。几个世纪以来，西湖一直以来其秀美风景和文化古迹(cultural heritages)而闻名于世西湖三面环山，一面临城，春夏秋冬各有特色，将自然历史，艺术巧妙地融合在一起。每年西湖都会吸引上千万的游客到杭州观光旅游，杭州也因其自身的魅力，被称之为“人间天堂”。

6 为了促进教育公平（equity in education），中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区（rural areas）教育设施（educational facilities）和加强中西部地区农村义务教育（compulsory education）。这些资金（funds）用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学（primary and secondary schools）受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区（mountainous areas）的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学（transfer）的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

7 《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了的儒家哲学体系。《论语》是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，《论语》一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。

8父亲节是感恩父亲的节日。约始于二十世纪初，起源于美国，现已广泛流传于世界各地，节日日期因地域而存在差异。最广泛的日期在每年6月的第三个星期日，世界上有52个国家和地区是在这一天过父亲节。节日里有各种的庆祝方式，大部分都与赠送礼物、家族聚餐或活动有关。

9 那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。他们不会受到紧张或痛苦情绪的惊吓;他们采取有效的应对策略，例如取得亲朋的支持和自我的述说。研究表明那些拥有高情商的人处理创伤性(traumatic)事件时很少会有负面心理问题。

10 中国古人曾将碎石悬在一起，风吹时就能发出清脆的声音，他们将这种东西称为“占风铎(zhan feng duo)”，目的是用来知风。占风铎应该就是风铃(wind-bell)的起源。有人认为风铃会招魂，不宜摆放，但是在亚洲的一些地区,人们认为风铃能带来好运，常用风铃来预测风水(feng shui)。风铃能发出令人愉快的清脆声音，因此人们在闷热潮湿的夏日就会把风铃挂在窗边，给人以清爽的感觉。

11 功夫茶(Gongfu tea)不是一种茶叶或茶的名字，而是一种冲泡的手艺。人们叫它功夫茶，足因为这种泡茶方式十分讲究：它的操作过程需要一定的技术，以及泡茶和品茶的知识和技能。功夫茶起源于宋朝，在广东的潮州府(今潮汕地区)一带最为盛行，后来在全国各地流行。功夫茶以浓度(concentration)高著称。制作功夫茶主要使用的茶叶足乌龙茶(Oolongtea),因为它能满足功夫茶色、香、味的要求。

12 孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(Journey to the West)中的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)第一个徒弟。其实在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启迪”。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财富、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。

13 大熊猫(Giant Pandas),作为中国的国宝，被认为是活化石。中国大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部和西南部，是目前濒临灭绝的物种。换句话说，中国大熊猫的故乡是四川。四川成都大熊猫繁育和研究中心(Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Centre) 大熊猫的家，是市区附近最大的大熊猫基地。

14 昆曲(Kunqu Opera)源于江苏昆山地区，至今已有600多年的历史，它是中国戏曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一个完整的表演体系并且有自己独特的腔调。昆曲在明朝初期得到发展。从16到18世纪，它一直主宰着中国戏曲。此外，昆曲还影响了许多其他的中国戏曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中国的一些大城市被进行表演，受到了许多人的喜爱。

15 当前，城镇化(urbanization)的全球趋势以及世界人口稳步增长的趋势已经持续了很长时间。对于发达国家来说，没有迹象能表明城镇化会导致人口增长(population growth)。但在发展中国家，城镇化和人口增长则紧密相关。城镇化对中国有某种积极的影响。随着越来越多的人集中在城市寻找工作或商业机会，工业也随着大量劳动力而繁荣起来。

参考译文

1 In Chinese culture，the color of red usually represents good luck, longevity and happiness. The color of red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. People often put cashes into red envelopes as gifts to family members or close friends. Its popularity can also be attributed the fact that people associate it with the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party. However, as the name of the dead used to be written in red, the color of red does not always mean good luck and joy. As for Chinese people, it was seen as an offense to use red ink to write their names.

2 With China’s reform and opening up, many a young man nowadays tend to hold Western-style weddings. As the color of white is considered as a symbol of purity, the bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often the color used in funerals, so bear it in mind that white flowers must not be used as a gift to celebrate the patient's recovery, especially not to the seniors or patients in critical conditions. Similarly, the cash gift cannot be packed in a white envelope, but in a red envelope.

3 Yellow is a significant color, which has a unique symbolic meaning in Chinese culture. In feudal society, it symbolized rulers’power and authority. At that time, yellow was the special color only used for emperors. Royal palaces were painted with yellow tint and the imperial robes were often yellow. However, average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes. Yellow is also the symbol of harvest in China. When crops are ripe in autumn, wild field are golden everywhere. Then people celebrate the good harvest with happiness and gratitude.

4 As the world is getting more and more densely populated, air pollution has become a severe problem. Air pollution mainly derives from four major human activity sectors: industry, energy, transportation and agriculture. Energies are needed to run factories, to power trains, planes and buses. Nearly all of these energies are produced by burning fuels, which would cause air pollution. Scientists are studying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging to the environment. The increased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activities such as recycling.

5 The West Lake is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. Located in Hangzhou capital of Zhejiang Province, it covers a water area of around

6 square kilometer. For centuries, it has been well-known for both its beautiful landscape and cultural heritages. The West Lake is

surrounded by mountains or three sides and the remaining side is connected with the city. It has its unique features in different seasons, combining skillfully nature, history and art. Every year, the West Lake attracts tens of millions of visitors to Hangzhou, which is known as “paradise on earth”because of its charm.

6 In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education in Midwest. These funds are used to improve the teaching facilities and purchase books, which have benefited more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. The funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipments. Now children in rural and mountain areas can have music and painting lessons as children in coastal cities do. Those students who once transferred to city schools for a better education now go back to their local rural schools.

7 The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held. It’s well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism. For centuries, it has

been heavily influencing the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.

8 Father's Day is a festival of thanking our fathers. About started in the early 20th century, originated in the United States, it has been widely circulated around the world, but its date is different because of the differences of the regions. The date of the most popular is on the third Sunday of June each year, and there are 52 countries and regions in the world celebrating the father's day on this day. They have various ways of celebration, most of which is related to gifts and family dinner or other activities.

9 Those who maintain an adaptive state of emotional control regard adversity as temporary and have the belief that “This shall pass.”In a crisis, they well adjust themselves and firmly believe that the control comes from inspired action rather than controlling reaction. They are not terrified by intense or painful emotions; they employ effective coping strategies, such as obtaining support from relatives and friends, and self-talk. The study indicates that individuals with a high emotional intelligence handle traumatic events with rare negative psychological problems.

10 The ancient Chinese once hung gravels together to give out clear sound when blown by the wind. And they called it “zhan feng duo”，

which was used to feel wind, “zhan feng duo”should be the origin of the wind-bell. Some people believe the wind-bell can call back the spirit of the dead, thus making it unsuitable to be hung out. However, in some regions of Asia, it’s considered that the wind-bell could bring people good luck, and it’s often used to predict feng shui. Because the

wind-bell could give out pleasant and clear sound, people will hang it at the window in hot, suffocating and humid summer, making themselves feel refreshed and cool.

11 Gongfu tea is not one kind of tea or the name of tea, but a skill of making tea. People call it Gongfu tea for the reason of its exquisite process. The operational procedures require certain techniques, knowledge and skill of brewing and tasting tea. Gongfu tea originated in the Song Dynasty and prevailed mostly in Chaozhou Guangdong Province (Now: Chaoshan Area). It later became popular around the nation. Gongfu tea is famous for its high concentration. Oolong tea is mainly used in making the Gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of color, flavor and taste of the Gongfu tea.

12 Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpiece “Journey to the West". He is the first disciple of Tang Monk. Actually in Chinese，his most popular name is not “Monkey King”but “Sun Wukong, which was given by his first Master who taught

him the 72 supernormal abilities. “Wu”means enlightening. “Kong”means emptiness，which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism. In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments including the attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.

13 Giant Pandas, regarded as a national treasure of China, are considered a living fossil. Chinese Pandas mainly lives in central-western and southwest China，and is currently an endangered species. In other words, the hometown of Chinese panda is Sichuan. And Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Centre in Sichuan —home of the Panda is the biggest panda base near the urban district.

14 Kunqu Opera originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu. It is one of the oldest existing forms of Chinese operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera has a complete system of acting characterized by its own distinctive tunes. During the early Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera got developed and it dominated Chinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th century. In addition, Kunqu Opera has influenced many other Chinese theatre forms. Today, Kunqu Opera is still played in some major cities of China and enjoys popularity among many people.

15 Currently, a global trend of urbanization and the stable increasing trend of the world's population have lasted for a long time. For

developed countries there is no evidence that urbanization causes population growth. However,in developing nations, the relationship between urbanization and population growth is close. Urbanization has had certain positive effects on China. As more people congregate in urban areas to seek jobs or look for business opportunities, industry flourishes with the huge supply of labor.

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kongfu 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadow play 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism / Moism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper,

英语四级翻译

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英语四级翻译练习1-10

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