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八、情态动词

八、情态动词
八、情态动词

情态动词

(一)辨析&注意事项

1 can & be able to: ①义同但后者有更多时态

②过去式could—习惯能力;

was/ were able to—某时能力

We were able to get there before the meeting began.

2 may的否定式为must not

--May I smoke here? –No, you mustn’t.

3 must的否定回答needn’t或don’t have to

4 ought to & should:同义,前者语气更(重)强,且表示因责任、义务等客观因素而“应该”,后者表示主观上看法

You are his brother. You ought to take care of him.

You should tell the truth.

5 need/ dare用法:作情态v. + v.原形

作实义v. + to do…

6 must & have to: 前者表主观看法,后者表客观因素且有更多时态(二)用法与考点

1 表示说话人的情感、态度

2 表示推测might/ may/ can/ must (must的否定推测用can’t)

对现在状态或一般现在推测—情态v. + v.原形

对此刻动作推测—情态v. +v.进行式(be doing)

对过去发生事情推测—情态v. +v.完成式(have done)

You seem very tired today. You must have stayed up late last night.

3 虚拟(轻微责备):情态v. + v.完成式(have done)

肯定---“本应…而实际上没…”

否定---“本不该…而实际上却…”

You could have done better.

You might have passed the examination.

You oughtn’t to have been so careless.

We have a washing machine. You needn’t have washed the clothes by hand.

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