双语法规系列-侵权责任法中英双语逐条逐句对照版

中华人民共和国侵权责任法

Tort Liability Law of the People's Republic of China

（2009年12月26日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）

(Adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People’s

Congress on December 26, 2009)

目录 Contents

第一章一般规定 Chapter I General Provisions

第二章责任构成和责任方式 Chapter II Constitution and Mode of Liability

第三章不承担责任和减轻责任的情形 Chapter III Non-liability and Diminished Liability

第四章关于责任主体的特殊规定 Chapter IV Special Provisions on the Subject of Liability 第五章产品责任 Chapter V Product Liability

第六章机动车交通事故责任 Chapter VI Motor Vehicle Accident Liability

第七章医疗损害责任 Chapter VII Medical Damage Liability

第八章环境污染责任 Chapter VIII Environmental Pollution Liability

第九章高度危险责任 Chapter IX High Risk Liability

第十章饲养动物损害责任 Chapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated Animals 第十一章物件损害责任 Chapter XI Object Damage Liability

第十二章附则 Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

第一章一般规定

Chapter I General Provisions

第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects, defining tort liability, preventing and punishing acts of tort, and promoting social harmony and stability.

第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。

Article 2 Tort liability shall be borne in accordance with this Law for any infringement of civil rights.

本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。

“Civil rights” as mentioned in this Law refer to personal and property rights and interests, including, inter alia, the right to live, right to health, right of name, right of reputation, right of honor, right to portrait, right to privacy, right of self-determination in marriage, guardianship, ownership,

usufructuary right, real right for security, copyright, patent right, exclusive right to use trademark, right of discovery, stock rights, and right of inheritance.

第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Article 3 The infringed shall be entitled to request the tortfeasor to bear tort liability.

第四条侵权人因同一行为应当承担行政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵权责任。Article 4 The tortfeasor shall bear administrative or criminal liability for the same act, and this shall not affect the bearing of tort liability in accordance with the law.

因同一行为应当承担侵权责任和行政责任、刑事责任，侵权人的财产不足以支付的，先承担侵权责任。

In the event that the assets of the tortfeasor are insufficient to pay tort liability and administrative or criminal liability for the same act, the tortfeasor shall first and foremost bear tort liability.

第五条其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 5 Where other laws provide special provisions on tort liability, such provisions shall prevail.

第二章责任构成和责任方式

Chapter II Constitution and Mode of Liability

第六条行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 6 A person shall bear tort liability for the infringement of other’s civil rights out of that person’s fault.

根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

If a person is presumed to be at fault in accordance with the law and that person is unable to prove otherwise, that person shall bear tort liability.

第七条行为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。

Article 7 If a person infringes upon the civil rights of others through his actions and he is liable for tort in accordance with the provisions of the law, regardless of whether he is at fault, such provisions shall prevail.

第八条二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。

Article 8 If two or more persons jointly infringe on the rights of others resulting in damages, they shall bear joint and several liability.

第九条教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的，应当与行为人承担连带责任。

Article 9 A person who aids or abets any other person in committing a tort shall be bear joint and several liability.

教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的，应当承担侵权责任；该无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人未尽到监护责任的，应当承担相应的责任。

A person who aids and abets any other person with no or limited capacity for civil conduct in committing a tort shall bear liability for the tort; the guardian of the person with no or limited capacity for civil conduct shall bear corresponding liability if he fails in fulfilling his guardianship obligation. 第十条二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 10 If an act by two or more persons endangers the safety of others and their property and the actions of one or more members in the said group result in damage to others, the tortfeasor(s) shall bear tort liability if they can be identified; if they cannot be identified, the persons committing the act shall bear joint and several liability.

第十一条二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 11 If acts of tort by two or more persons severally result in the same damage and the act of tort by each one of them is suffice to cause the full extent of the damage, the said persons shall bear joint and several liability.

第十二条二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自承担相应的责任；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Article 12 If acts of tort by two or more persons severally result in the same damage and their respective liability can be determined, the said persons shall bear liability correspondingly. If their respective liability cannot be determined, the said persons shall bear equal liability for damages.

第十三条法律规定承担连带责任的，被侵权人有权请求部分或者全部连带责任人承担责任。Article 13 If tortfeasors incur joint and several liability in accordance with the law, the infringed shall be entitled to request all or any one of the persons subject to joint and several liability to bear liability. 第十四条连带责任人根据各自责任大小确定相应的赔偿数额；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Article 14 The amount of compensation to be incurred by the persons subject to joint and several liability shall be determined according to their respective liability. If the degree of their respective liability cannot be determined, compensation liability shall be borne equally.

支付超出自己赔偿数额的连带责任人，有权向其他连带责任人追偿。

If the compensation made by a person subject to joint and several liability exceeds the rightful amount due, they shall be entitled to claim reimbursement from the other person(s) subject to joint and several liability.

第十五条承担侵权责任的方式主要有：

Article 15 Tort liability is mainly borne through:

（一）停止侵害；

(1) The cessation of the infringing act;

（二）排除妨碍；

(2) The removal of an obstacle;

（三）消除危险；

(3) The elimination of danger;

（四）返还财产；

(4) The restitution of property;

（五）恢复原状；

(5) Restitution to the original state;

（六）赔偿损失；

(6) Compensation for loss;

（七）赔礼道歉；

(7) A formal apology; and

（八）消除影响、恢复名誉。

(8) The elimination of ill effects and the restoration of reputation.

以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

The above can be borne singularly or in combination.

第十六条侵害他人造成人身损害的，应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收入。造成残疾的，还应当赔偿残疾生活辅助具费和残疾赔偿金。造成死亡的，还应当赔偿丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。

Article 16 In the event of tort resulting in bodily harm, compensation in the form of, inter alia, medical, nursing and transportation expenses shall be made as reasonable payments for treatment and rehabilitation expenses and for income loss from loss of working time. In the event of tort resulting in disability, further compensation shall be made in the form of expenses for auxiliary appliances for living and disability compensation. In the event of tort resulting in death, further compensation shall be made in the form of funeral expenses and death compensation.

第十七条因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金。

Article 17 In the event of multiple deaths arising from the same tort, compensation of equal amounts may be determined.

第十八条被侵权人死亡的，其近亲属有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。被侵权人为单位，该单位分立、合并的，承继权利的单位有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Article 18 Immediate relatives of a person killed by a tortfeasor shall be entitled to seek that the tortfeasor bear tort liability. If the infringed is an organization and the said organization is separated or merged, the organization with inheritance rights thereto shall be entitled to seek the tortfeasor to bear tort liability.

被侵权人死亡的，支付被侵权人医疗费、丧葬费等合理费用的人有权请求侵权人赔偿费用，但侵权人已支付该费用的除外。

In the event of death of the infringed, the person who has paid reasonable expenses of the infringed in the form of, inter alia, medical fees and funeral expenses shall be entitled to seek compensation from the tortfeasor, except for expenses already borne by the tortfeasor.

第十九条侵害他人财产的，财产损失按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计算。

Article 19 For the infringement of property, property loss or damage shall be calculated based on the market rate at the time when the loss or damage is incurred or by other methods.

第二十条侵害他人人身权益造成财产损失的，按照被侵权人因此受到的损失赔偿；被侵权人的损失难以确定，侵权人因此获得利益的，按照其获得的利益赔偿；侵权人因此获得的利益难以确定，被侵权人和侵权人就赔偿数额协商不一致，向人民法院提起诉讼的，由人民法院根据实际情况确定赔偿数额。

Article 20 Loss compensation shall be made according to the loss suffered by the infringed for loss of assets arising from infringement upon personal rights and interests. If such loss is indeterminable and the tortfeasor gains from the tort, compensation shall be made on the basis of such gains; if such gains are indeterminable and the infringed and tortfeasor fail to reach an agreement on the amount of compensation, either may file a lawsuit with the people’s court and the court shall determine the amount of compensation based on the actual situation.

第二十一条侵权行为危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人可以请求侵权人承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。

Article 21 For acts of tort that endanger personal safety and the safety of the property of others, the infringed may seek the tortfeasor to bear tort liability through, inter alia, the cessation of the infringing act, the removal of any obstacles and the elimination of danger.

第二十二条侵害他人人身权益，造成他人严重精神损害的，被侵权人可以请求精神损害赔偿。Article 22 For acts of tort that infringe on personal rights and interests and result in serious mental injury, the infringed may seek compensation for mental injury.

第二十三条因防止、制止他人民事权益被侵害而使自己受到损害的，由侵权人承担责任。侵权人逃逸或者无力承担责任，被侵权人请求补偿的，受益人应当给予适当补偿。

Article 23 If a person suffers damages in the course of preventing or deterring the infringement of other’s civil rights, the tortfeasor sha ll bear liability. If the tortfeasor flees or is in no capacity to

assume liability and the infringed seeks compensation, the beneficiary shall make suitable compensation.

第二十四条受害人和行为人对损害的发生都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由双方分担损失。

Article 24 If damage is neither the vi ctim nor the tortfeasor’s fault, the loss may be borne by both parties according to the actual circumstances.

第二十五条损害发生后，当事人可以协商赔偿费用的支付方式。协商不一致的，赔偿费用应当一次性支付；一次性支付确有困难的，可以分期支付，但应当提供相应的担保。

Article 25 After damage occurs, the parties concerned may negotiate the payment method for compensation. If they fail to reach a consensus compensation shall be paid in a lump sum. If there is any genuine difficulty in making a lump sum payment, compensation may be made in installments provided that a corresponding guarantee is provided.

第三章不承担责任和减轻责任的情形

Chapter III Non-liability and Diminished Liability

第二十六条被侵权人对损害的发生也有过错的，可以减轻侵权人的责任。

Article 26 The liability of the tortfeasor may be diminished if the infringed is also at fault for the damage.

第二十七条损害是因受害人故意造成的，行为人不承担责任。

Article 27 The tortfeasor shall not bear liability for any damage intentionally caused by the victim. 第二十八条损害是因第三人造成的，第三人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 28 For damage caused by a third party, the said party shall bear tort liability.

第二十九条因不可抗力造成他人损害的，不承担责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。Article 29 No liability shall be borne for damages caused by force majeure. If the law otherwise provides, such provisions shall prevail.

第三十条因正当防卫造成损害的，不承担责任。正当防卫超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，正当防卫人应当承担适当的责任。

Article 30 No liability shall be borne for damages arising from justifiable defense. A person who acts in justifiable defense shall bear appropriate liability for undue damages arising from justifiable defense that exceeds the limits of what is necessary.

第三十一条因紧急避险造成损害的，由引起险情发生的人承担责任。如果危险是由自然原因引起的，紧急避险人不承担责任或者给予适当补偿。紧急避险采取措施不当或者超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，紧急避险人应当承担适当的责任。

Article 31 For damages arising from emergency avoidance of danger, the person giving rise to such danger shall bear liability. If such danger arises from natural factors, the person who undertakes

emergency avoidance of danger shall not bear liability, or shall appropriately pay compensation. The person who undertakes emergency avoidance of danger shall bear appropriate liability if inappropriate measures are taken for such avoidance or if the measures taken exceed the limits of what is necessary, resulting in undue damages.

第四章关于责任主体的特殊规定

Chapter IV Special Provisions on the Subject of Liability

第三十二条无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人承担侵权责任。监护人尽到监护责任的，可以减轻其侵权责任。

Article 32 For damages caused by a person with no or limited capacity for civil conduct, their guardian shall bear tort liability. The tort liability of the said guardian may be diminished if they have fulfilled their guardianship obligation.

有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，从本人财产中支付赔偿费用。不足部分，由监护人赔偿。

For damages caused by a person with no or limited capacity for civil conduct who owns assets, compensation shall be made from the said assets. Any shortfall in compensation shall be made by their guardian.

第三十三条完全民事行为能力人对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害有过错的，应当承担侵权责任；没有过错的，根据行为人的经济状况对受害人适当补偿。

Article 33 If a person with full civil capacity causes any damage from a temporary loss of consciousness or control through his wrongdoing, he shall bear tort liability. If there is no wrongdoing, compensation shall appropriately be made to the victim by the tortfeasor on the basis of the tortfe asor’s economic status.

完全民事行为能力人因醉酒、滥用麻醉药品或者精神药品对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

If a person with full civil capacity causes any damage from a temporary loss of consciousness or control due to drinking or abuse of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, they shall bear tort liability.

第三十四条用人单位的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由用人单位承担侵权责任。Article 34 If an employee causes damage to others in carrying out a work task, the employing organization shall bear tort liability.

劳务派遣期间，被派遣的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务派遣的用工单位承担侵权责任；劳务派遣单位有过错的，承担相应的补充责任。

While dispatching labor, if the employee dispatched causes damage to others in carrying out a work task, the organization accepting the dispatched labor shall bear tort liability. If the dispatching organization is at fault, it shall bear the corresponding additional liability.

第三十五条个人之间形成劳务关系，提供劳务一方因劳务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务一方承担侵权责任。提供劳务一方因劳务自己受到损害的，根据双方各自的过错承担相应的责任。Article 35 For labor relations between individuals, if the party providing labor causes damage to others due to the labor provided, the party receiving such labor service shall bear tort liability. If the party providing labor suffers damage due to the labor, either party shall bear liability based on their own wrongdoing.

第三十六条网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益的，应当承担侵权责任。Article 36 Internet users and internet service providers shall bear tort liability if they utilize the internet to infringe upon civil rights of others.

网络用户利用网络服务实施侵权行为的，被侵权人有权通知网络服务提供者采取删除、屏蔽、断开链接等必要措施。网络服务提供者接到通知后未及时采取必要措施的，对损害的扩大部分与该网络用户承担连带责任。

If an internet user commits tort through internet services, the infringed shall be entitled to inform the internet service provider to take necessary measures, including, inter alia, deletion, blocking and disconnection. If the internet service provider fails to take necessary measures in a timely manner upon notification, it shall be jointly and severally liable with the said internet user for the extended damage.

网络服务提供者知道网络用户利用其网络服务侵害他人民事权益，未采取必要措施的，与该网络用户承担连带责任。

If an internet service provider is aware that an internet user is infringing on the civil rights and interests of others through its internet services and fails to take necessary measures, it shall be jointly and severally liable with the said internet user for such infringement.

第三十七条宾馆、商场、银行、车站、娱乐场所等公共场所的管理人或者群众性活动的组织者，未尽到安全保障义务，造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 37 Managers of public places, including, inter alia, hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations and places of entertainment, and organizers of mass activities shall bear tort liability for damages to others arising from their failure to fulfill security obligations.

因第三人的行为造成他人损害的，由第三人承担侵权责任；管理人或者组织者未尽到安全保障义务的，承担相应的补充责任。

If the act of a third party results in damage to others, the said third party shall bear tort liability, and the manager or organizer shall bear the corresponding additional liability if the said managers or organizers has failed to fulfill their security obligations.

第三十八条无民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害的，幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构应当承担责任，但能够证明尽到教育、管理职责的，不承担责任。

Article 38 For personal injury suffered by a person with no capacity for civil conduct during the course of studying or living in a kindergarten, school or other institution of learning, the kindergarten, school

or institution of learning shall bear liability unless it proves that it has fulfilled its educational and managerial responsibilities.

第三十九条限制民事行为能力人在学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害，学校或者其他教育机构未尽到教育、管理职责的，应当承担责任。

Article 39 For personal injury suffered by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct during the course of studying or living in a school or other institution of learning, the school or institution of learning shall bear liability if it has failed to fulfill its educational and managerial responsibilities.

第四十条无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间，受到幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构以外的人员人身损害的，由侵权人承担侵权责任；幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构未尽到管理职责的，承担相应的补充责任。

Article 40 If personal injury is inflicted on a person with no or limited capacity for civil conduct during the course of studying or living in a kindergarten, school or any other institution of learning by a person, other than an employee of the kindergarten, school or institution of learning, the tortfeasor shall bear the tort liability. The kindergarten, school or institution of learning shall be liable for corresponding additional liability if it has failed to fulfill its managerial responsibilities.

第五章产品责任

Chapter V Product Liability

第四十一条因产品存在缺陷造成他人损害的，生产者应当承担侵权责任。

Article 41 A manufacturer shall bear tort liability if its product causes damage to others due to a defect.

第四十二条因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。Article 42 If a product is defective through the fault of the seller and results in damage to others, the seller shall bear tort liability.

销售者不能指明缺陷产品的生产者也不能指明缺陷产品的供货者的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。

If the seller is unable to name the manufacturer or supplier of the defective product, the seller shall bear tort liability.

第四十三条因产品存在缺陷造成损害的，被侵权人可以向产品的生产者请求赔偿，也可以向产品的销售者请求赔偿。

Article 43 In the event of damage being caused by a defective product, the infringed may seek compensation from the manufacturer and seller of the said product.

产品缺陷由生产者造成的，销售者赔偿后，有权向生产者追偿。

If a defect is caused by the manufacturer, the seller shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the manufacturer for compensation they have made.

因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷的，生产者赔偿后，有权向销售者追偿。

If a defect in a product occurs through the fault of the seller, the manufacturer shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the seller for compensation they have made.

第四十四条因运输者、仓储者等第三人的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，产品的生产者、销售者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

Article 44 If a product is defective through the fault of a third party, including, inter alia, the transporter or the party providing storage, and results in damage to others, the manufacturer or seller of the said product shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the relevant third party for compensation they have made.

第四十五条因产品缺陷危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人有权请求生产者、销售者承担排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。

Article 45 If a defective product endangers the personal safety or property of others, the infringed shall be entitled to seek the manufacturer or seller to assume tort liability through, inter alia, the removal of an obstacle and the elimination of danger.

第四十六条产品投入流通后发现存在缺陷的，生产者、销售者应当及时采取警示、召回等补救措施。未及时采取补救措施或者补救措施不力造成损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 46 If a defect is found in a product after it has been distributed, the manufacturer and the seller shall take remedial measures in a timely manner including, inter alia, warnings and recalls. In the event of damage arising from a failure to take remedial measures in a timely manner or taking inadequate remedial measures, they shall bear tort liability.

第四十七条明知产品存在缺陷仍然生产、销售，造成他人死亡或者健康严重损害的，被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。

Article 47 In the event of death or serious damage to health arising from the manufacture or sale of a product known to be defective, the infringed shall be entitled to claim corresponding punitive compensation.

第六章机动车交通事故责任

Chapter VI Motor Vehicle Accident Liability

第四十八条机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，依照道路交通安全法的有关规定承担赔偿责任。Article 48 Tort liability shall be borne for damages arising from traffic accidents involving motor vehicles in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on Road Traffic Safety.

第四十九条因租赁、借用等情形机动车所有人与使用人不是同一人时，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由机动车使用人承担赔偿责任；机动车所有人对损害的发生有过错的，承担相应的赔偿责任。Article 49 In the event of, inter alia, rental or loan of a motor vehicle in which the owner is not the user, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the limits of compulsory motor vehicle insurance liability for any traffic accident that the said motor vehicle user is accountable for. The user of the motor vehicle shall bear liability for any shortfall in compensation. If the owner of the motor vehicle is accountable for the damage, they shall bear the corresponding compensation liability.

第五十条当事人之间已经以买卖等方式转让并交付机动车但未办理所有权转移登记，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由受让人承担赔偿责任。

Article 50 If a motor vehicle is involved in a traffic accident following a transfer through, inter alia, a sale and purchase transaction between parties and the said vehicle has been handed over but the transfer in ownership has not yet been registered, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the limits of compulsory motor vehicle insurance liability for any traffic accident that the said motor vehicle user is accountable for. The assignee shall bear liability for any shortfall in compensation.

第五十一条以买卖等方式转让拼装或者已达到报废标准的机动车，发生交通事故造成损害的，由转让人和受让人承担连带责任。

Article 51 If an assembled vehicle or a vehicle that meets scrapping standards is transferred through, inter alia, a sale and purchase transaction, the assignor and the assignee shall be jointly and severally liable for any damage arising from a traffic accident caused by the said vehicle.

第五十二条盗窃、抢劫或者抢夺的机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，由盗窃人、抢劫人或者抢夺人承担赔偿责任。保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内垫付抢救费用的，有权向交通事故责任人追偿。

Article 52 For any damage arising from a traffic accident caused by a stolen or hijacked motor vehicle, the person that stole or hijacked the said motor vehicle shall be liable for compensation. An insurance company that pays rescue fees in advance within the limits of compulsory motor vehicle insurance liability shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the party responsible for the traffic accident.

第五十三条机动车驾驶人发生交通事故后逃逸，该机动车参加强制保险的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿；机动车不明或者该机动车未参加强制保险，需要支付被侵权人人身伤亡的抢救、丧葬等费用的，由道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付。道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付后，其管理机构有权向交通事故责任人追偿。

Article 53 If the driver of a motor vehicle flees the scene after a traffic accident and the said vehicle is under compulsory insurance, the insurance company shall pay compensation within the limits of compulsory motor vehicle insurance liability. If the motor vehicle is unknown or if it is not under compulsory insurance, the social assistance fund for road traffic accidents shall make payment in advance for necessary expenses, including, inter alia, expenses for the emergency rescue of the infringed or funeral expenses, and the management organization of the said fund shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the party responsible for the accident.

第七章医疗损害责任

Chapter VII Medical Damage Liability

第五十四条患者在诊疗活动中受到损害，医疗机构及其医务人员有过错的，由医疗机构承担赔偿责任。

Article 54 If any medical or its medical personnel is responsible for damage inflicted on a patient during the course of diagnosis and treatment, the medical organization shall be liable for compensation.

第五十五条医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的，医务人员应当及时向患者说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况，并取得其书面同意；不宜向患者说明的，应当向患者的近亲属说明，并取得其书面同意。

Article 55 Medical personnel shall explain to a patient in the course of diagnosis and treatment their condition and medical measures. If surgery, special examination or special treatment is required, medical personnel shall explain to a patient, inter alia, the medical risks and alternative treatment plans in a timely manner and obtain their written consent. If it is not suitable to explain the same to a patient, medical personnel shall do so with the immediate relatives of a patient and obtain their written consent.

医务人员未尽到前款义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。

If medical personnel fail to fulfill their obligations stated in the preceding paragraph and cause damage to a patient, the medical organization shall be liable for compensation.

第五十六条因抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况，不能取得患者或者其近亲属意见的，经医疗机构负责人或者授权的负责人批准，可以立即实施相应的医疗措施。

Article 56 If the opinion of a patient or their immediate relatives cannot be consulted due to an emergency, including, inter alia, the resuscitation of a patient in a critical condition, the appropriate medical treatment may be administered immediately upon the approval of the person in charge or authorized person in charge of the medical organization.

第五十七条医务人员在诊疗活动中未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。

Article 57 If medical personnel, in the course of diagnosis and treatment, fail to fulfill their obligations in line with prevailing medical standards and cause damage to a patient, the medical organization shall be liable for compensation.

第五十八条患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，推定医疗机构有过错：

Article 58 A medical organization shall be presumed to be at fault if damage is inflicted on a patient in any of the following circumstances:

（一）违反法律、行政法规、规章以及其他有关诊疗规范的规定；

(1) Violation of provisions of laws, administrative regulations, rules, etc., relating to diagnostic and treatment practices;

（二）隐匿或者拒绝提供与纠纷有关的病历资料；

(2) Concealment of or refusal to provide medical records related to the dispute; or

（三）伪造、篡改或者销毁病历资料。

(3) Forgery, falsification or destruction of medical records.

第五十九条因药品、消毒药剂、医疗器械的缺陷，或者输入不合格的血液造成患者损害的，患者可以向生产者或者血液提供机构请求赔偿，也可以向医疗机构请求赔偿。患者向医疗机构请求赔偿的，医疗机构赔偿后，有权向负有责任的生产者或者血液提供机构追偿。

Article 59 If a patient suffers damage due to defective drugs, disinfectants or medical devices, or from transfusing blood that does not meet certain standards, they may seek compensation from the manufacturer or blood-supplying organization as well as from the medical organization. If the said patient seeks compensation from the medical organization, the medical organization is entitled to claim reimbursement from the manufacturer or blood-supplying organization liable for the damage after compensation.

第六十条患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，医疗机构不承担赔偿责任：

Article 60 A medical organization shall not be liable for compensation in any of the following circumstances involving damage to a patient:

（一）患者或者其近亲属不配合医疗机构进行符合诊疗规范的诊疗；

(1) A patient or their immediate relative(s) refuses to cooperate with the medical organization in diagnosis and treatment that comply with diagnostic and treatment practices;

（二）医务人员在抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况下已经尽到合理诊疗义务；

(2) Medical personnel have reasonably fulfilled their diagnostic and treatment obligations in an emergency, including, inter alia, the resuscitation of a patient who is approaching death; or （三）限于当时的医疗水平难以诊疗。

(3) Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment given the limitation of prevailing medical standards.

前款第一项情形中，医疗机构及其医务人员也有过错的，应当承担相应的赔偿责任。

In the circumstance specified in Subparagraph (1) of the preceding paragraph, if the medical organization and its medical personnel are also at fault, the medical organization shall bear the corresponding compensation liability.

第六十一条医疗机构及其医务人员应当按照规定填写并妥善保管住院志、医嘱单、检验报告、手术及麻醉记录、病理资料、护理记录、医疗费用等病历资料。

Article 61 Medical organizations and their medical personnel shall fill in and ensure the safekeeping of inpat ient records, physicians’ order sheets, examination reports, surgery and anesthesia records, pathological information, nursing records, medical fees and other medical records in accordance with regulations.

患者要求查阅、复制前款规定的病历资料的，医疗机构应当提供。

Medical organizations shall accede to the requests of a patient to access and duplicate the medical records specified in the preceding paragraph.

第六十二条医疗机构及其医务人员应当对患者的隐私保密。泄露患者隐私或者未经患者同意公开其病历资料，造成患者损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 62 Medical organizations and their medical personnel shall ensure the privacy and confidentiality of patients. Medical organizations and their medical personnel shall bear tort liability if they disclose a patient’s private matters or medical records without the patient’s consent and cause damage to the patient.

第六十三条医疗机构及其医务人员不得违反诊疗规范实施不必要的检查。

Article 63 Medical organizations and their medical personnel shall not carry out unnecessary check-ups in violation of diagnostic and treatment practices.

第六十四条医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任。

Article 64 The legitimate rights and interests of medical organizations and their medical personnel are protected by law. Anyone who interfers in medical administration and hinders the work or lives of medical personnel shall bear legal liability in accordance with the law.

第八章环境污染责任

Chapter VIII Environmental Pollution Liability

第六十五条因污染环境造成损害的，污染者应当承担侵权责任。

Article 65 For damages caused by pollution of the environment, the polluter shall bear tort liability.

第六十六条因污染环境发生纠纷，污染者应当就法律规定的不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形及其行为与损害之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。

Article 66 For disputes arising from pollution of the environment, the polluter shall bear the burden of proving non-liability or diminished liability in accordance with the provisions of the law and the non-existence of a causal relationship between their actions and the damage.

第六十七条两个以上污染者污染环境，污染者承担责任的大小，根据污染物的种类、排放量等因素确定。

Article 67 If the environment is polluted by two or more persons, the degree of liability shall be determined by factors including, inter alia, the type of pollutants and the quantity emitted.

第六十八条因第三人的过错污染环境造成损害的，被侵权人可以向污染者请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。污染者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

Article 68 For damages caused by environmental pollution through the wrongdoing of a third party, the infringed may seek compensation from the polluter and from the said third party. After making compensation, the said polluter shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the said third party.

第九章高度危险责任

Chapter IX High Risk Liability

第六十九条从事高度危险作业造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 69 A person who causes damage to others by engaging in high-risk work shall bear tort liability.

第七十条民用核设施发生核事故造成他人损害的，民用核设施的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因战争等情形或者受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。

Article 70 If damage is inflicted on others from the occurrence of a nuclear accident at a civilian nuclear facility, the operator of the said facility shall bear tort liability unless he can prove that the damage was caused by circumstances such as war or that it was intentionally caused by the victim. 第七十一条民用航空器造成他人损害的，民用航空器的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。

Article 71 If a civilian aircraft causes damage to others, the operator of the said aircraft shall bear tort liability unless he can prove that the damage was intentionally caused by the victim.

第七十二条占有或者使用易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性等高度危险物造成他人损害的，占有人或者使用人应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有重大过失的，可以减轻占有人或者使用人的责任。

Article 72 If damage to others arises from the possession or use of high risk materials, including, inter alia, flammable, explosive, poisonous or radioactive materials, the person using or possessing such materials shall bear tort liability unless they can prove that the damage was caused by the intentional action of the victim or by force majeure. If the infringed is grossly negligent with respect to the occurrence of the damage, the liability of the said person using or possessing the said materials may be diminished.

第七十三条从事高空、高压、地下挖掘活动或者使用高速轨道运输工具造成他人损害的，经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有过失的，可以减轻经营者的责任。

Article 73 If damage to others arises from operations conducted high above the ground, those involving high pressure or high voltage or underground excavation activities or the use of high-speed rail transport, the operator shall bear tort liability unless they can prove that the damage was caused by the intentional action of the victim or by force majeure. If the infringed is negligent with respect to the occurrence of the damage, the liability of the said operator may be diminished.

第七十四条遗失、抛弃高度危险物造成他人损害的，由所有人承担侵权责任。所有人将高度危险物交由他人管理的，由管理人承担侵权责任；所有人有过错的，与管理人承担连带责任。Article 74 If damage to others arises from the loss or abandonment of a high-risk object, the owner of the said object shall bear tort liability. If the said object has been handed to a third party by the owner for management, the manager shall bear tort liability. If the owner is at fault, they shall bear joint and several liability with the manager.

第七十五条非法占有高度危险物造成他人损害的，由非法占有人承担侵权责任。所有人、管理人不能证明对防止他人非法占有尽到高度注意义务的，与非法占有人承担连带责任。Article 75 If damage to others arises from the illegal possession of highly dangerous objects, the illegal possessor shall bear tort liability. If the owner or manager fails to prove that he has exercised a high

duty of care in preventing the illegal possession, he shall bear joint and several liability with the illegal possessor.

第七十六条未经许可进入高度危险活动区域或者高度危险物存放区域受到损害，管理人已经采取安全措施并尽到警示义务的，可以减轻或者不承担责任。

Article 76 If damage arises from unauthorized entry into a high-risk activity area or a storage area for high-risk materials, the liability of the manager may be diminished or no liability shall be borne if they have taken safety precautions and fulfilled their obligation of providing warnings.

第七十七条承担高度危险责任，法律规定赔偿限额的，依照其规定。

Article 77 If there is a compensation limit in accordance with the provisions of the law for bearing high-risk liability, the provisions of the law shall prevail.

第十章饲养动物损害责任

Chapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated Animals

第七十八条饲养的动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因被侵权人故意或者重大过失造成的，可以不承担或者减轻责任。

Article 78 If damage to others is caused by a domesticated animal, the keeper or manager shall bear tort liability. His liability may be diminished or no liability shall be borne if it can be proven that the damage was caused by an intentional act or gross negligence on the part of the infringed.

第七十九条违反管理规定，未对动物采取安全措施造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 79 If damage to others is caused by a violation of management regulations in which animal safety measures are not adopted, the keeper or manager shall bear tort liability.

第八十条禁止饲养的烈性犬等危险动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 80 If damage to others is caused by dangerous animals such as violent dogs whose rearing is banned, the keeper or manager shall bear tort liability.

第八十一条动物园的动物造成他人损害的，动物园应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明尽到管理职责的，不承担责任。

Article 81 If damage to others is caused by zoo animals, the zoo shall bear tort liability unless it can prove that it has fulfilled its management responsibilities.

第八十二条遗弃、逃逸的动物在遗弃、逃逸期间造成他人损害的，由原动物饲养人或者管理人承担侵权责任。

Article 82 If damage to others is caused by abandoned or escaped animals during the period of abandonment or escape, the original keeper or manager shall bear tort liability.

第八十三条因第三人的过错致使动物造成他人损害的，被侵权人可以向动物饲养人或者管理人请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。动物饲养人或者管理人赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。Article 83 If damage to others is caused by an animal through the wrongdoing of a third party, the infringed may seek compensation from the keeper or manager of the said animal or from the said third party. The said keeper or manager shall be entitled to seek reimbursement from the said third party after compensation.

第八十四条饲养动物应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得妨害他人生活。

Article 84 Animals shall be kept in compliance with the law, with respect for social ethics and shall not encroach on the lives of others.

第十一章物件损害责任

Chapter XI Object Damage Liability

第八十五条建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施及其搁置物、悬挂物发生脱落、坠落造成他人损害，所有人、管理人或者使用人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。所有人、管理人或者使用人赔偿后，有其他责任人的，有权向其他责任人追偿。

Article 85 For damages to others arising from falling buildings, structures or other facilities, or objects placed on or suspended from the same, the owner, manager or user shall bear tort liability if he is unable to prove that they are not at fault. The said owner, manager or user shall be entitled to claim reimbursement from other liable parties, if any, after compensation.

第八十六条建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施倒塌造成他人损害的，由建设单位与施工单位承担连带责任。建设单位、施工单位赔偿后，有其他责任人的，有权向其他责任人追偿。

Article 86 The undertaking entity and construction entity shall be jointly and severally liable for damage to others arising from the collapse of buildings, structures or other facilities. The said entities shall be entitled to claim reimbursement from other liable parties, if any, after compensation.

因其他责任人的原因，建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施倒塌造成他人损害的，由其他责任人承担侵权责任。

For damage to others arising from the collapse of buildings, structures or other facilities which are caused by other liable parties, such other parties shall bear tort liability.

第八十七条从建筑物中抛掷物品或者从建筑物上坠落的物品造成他人损害，难以确定具体侵权人的，除能够证明自己不是侵权人的外，由可能加害的建筑物使用人给予补偿。

Article 87 If damage to others is caused by objects thrown from buildings or by objects that have fallen from buildings and the specific tortfeasor cannot be determined, users of the building that are likely tortfeasors shall pay compensation unless they can prove that they are not the tortfeasor.

第八十八条堆放物倒塌造成他人损害，堆放人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。Article 88 If damage to others is caused by the collapse of stacked objects, the person who stacked the objects shall bear tort liability if he is unable to prove that he is not at fault.

第八十九条在公共道路上堆放、倾倒、遗撒妨碍通行的物品造成他人损害的，有关单位或者个人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 89 If damage to others is caused by objects that are stacked, dumped or scattered on public roads and are obstructing passage, the relevant entity or individual shall bear tort liability.

第九十条因林木折断造成他人损害，林木的所有人或者管理人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 90 If damage to others is caused by broken trees, the owner or manager of the said trees shall bear tort liability if he is unable to prove that they are not at fault.

第九十一条在公共场所或者道路上挖坑、修缮安装地下设施等，没有设置明显标志和采取安全措施造成他人损害的，施工人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 91 If damage to others is caused by, inter alia, trenching in public places or on roads, or the repair or installation of underground facilities, without setting up clear signs or taking safety precautions, the person undertaking the said works shall bear tort liability.

窨井等地下设施造成他人损害，管理人不能证明尽到管理职责的，应当承担侵权责任。

If damage is caused by underground facilities including, inter alias, manholes, the manager shall bear tort liability if he is unable to prove that they have fulfilled their management responsibilities.

第十二章附则

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

第九十二条本法自2010年7月1日起施行。

Article 92 This Law shall go into effect as of July 1, 2010.