虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替should, would。
1)表示与现在事实相反:
If I were you, I should stay at home.
If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would be much higher.
If fewer cash crops were grown, more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.
2)表示与过去事实相反:
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many deaths.
3)表示与将来事实相反:If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)
5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:①从句省略if,用倒装句式"were, had, should+主语"。例如:Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如:Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.
2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1)"wish+宾语从句"表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、"但愿……"等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能
实现的愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would + have + 过去分词"。例如:
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish you told me earlier.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2)虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 等后面的宾语从句中,用"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.
注意:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
I insisted that you give me my money back.
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句做advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.
4.虚拟语气用于以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might, could )+动词原形"。例如:
He looked at me as if I were mad.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
It looks as if it might rain.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:
It looks as if our side is going to win.
5.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"should+动词原形"的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:
It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.
It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"应该"、"竟然",可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。
注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。例如:
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can't swim.
Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气(一)
-- Used in “if” clause
语气(Mood)分三种:直陈语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议。
“if”引导的条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。
1. 真实条件句所表示的假设
1) 不随时间而改变的自然法则和客观真理
2) 可能发生或实现的：if后面的从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使语气或情态动词.
2. 非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能发生或不大可能实现的：时态共分两种情况。
If引导的从句主句
A.与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式一律用were）主语+would+动词原形
B.与将来事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式一律用were）主语+would+动词原形
C.与过去事实相反If +主语+ had+动词过去分词主语+would+have+过去分词
Exercises:
1. 与现在或将来相反
If you … you would …
were Chairman Hu
were Bush
could choose a place for your house
won a lottery of 5 million
your child were addicted to computer games
came across a blackout in a lift
2. 与过去相反
Write conditionals based on the following facts.
1) She didn’t take the medicine, so she felt carsick.
2) Because the sun was in the right direction, the photos came out very well.
3) The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.
4) The government raised taxes, so they were very unpopular.
5) He wasn’t able to answer all the questions, so he didn’t pass the exam ination.
6) He didn’t pass the examination, so he didn’t go to the university.
7) We didn’t get there on time, so we found the doors locked in our faces.
8) She didn’t see Curse of the Golden Flower, so she didn’t understand what I said.
3. Multiple choices
1. What will we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. snow
B. would snow
C. snows
D. will snow
2. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make
B. might not make
C. wouldn’t have made
D. might have made
3. _____ to see the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went
B. If he gone
C. If he has gone
D. If he had gone
4. If you were older, I _____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow
B. should allow
C. would have allowed
D. had allowed
5. If we _____ here ten minutes earlier, we _____ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch
B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught
D. had arrived/would have caught
6. If I _____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had
B. had had
C. have had
D. would have
7. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come
B. would come at
C. would have come
D. will come at
8. If it _____ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains
B. were to rain
C. would rain
D. rain
9. If he _____ to the teacher attentively, he _____ the answer to the problem.
A. had listened, would have known
B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known
D. had listened, would know
10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.
---- I would if I _____ to attend a meeting.
A. don’t have
B. didn’t have
C. will not have
D. would not have
11. If I had hurried, I _____ the train.
A. would catch
B. could catch
C. would have caught
D. had caught
12. If I had known that, I _____ so.
A. wou ldn’t do
B. wouldn’t have done
C. won’t do
D. have not done
13. If I _____ you, I wouldn’t call back.
A. be
B. am
C. was
D. were
14. If the doctor had been available, the child _____.
A. would not die
B. would not have died
C. could not die
D. could die
15. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. came/ would meet
B. had come/ would have met
C. come/ will meet
D. had come/ would met
16. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had meet
C. would have met
D. would have meet
17. If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been cancelled.
A. had rained
B. would had rained
C. have seen
D. did see
18. You _____ the train if you _____ a little earlier.
A. could take/ started
B. would have taken/ had started
C. could take/ had started
D. would have took / started
19. The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, _____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them
B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them
D. we’ve met them
20. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was/ shall pay
B. am/ will pay
C. would be/ would pay
D. were/ would pay
21. We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
22. If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed
B. owned
C. had
D. had had
23. If her husband had not liked the dress _____.
A.she would be delighted
B. he would get mad
C. she would have returned it
D. she would take it back to the store
24. If I _____ you, I _____ worry.
A. were/ wouldn’t
B. was/ wouldn’t
C. been/ would have
D. be/ would
25. We _____ delighted if the report _____ true.
A. were/ were
B. will be/ were
C. may be/ were
D. were/ would be
Keys:
CCDCD/BBBAB/CBDBB/CABCD/CDCAB
Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气(二)
1. 一些要求用“过去式或过去完成式”来表示虚拟的固定句式. 过去式表示与现在事实相反;过去完成式表示与过去事实相反.它们有：
（1）wish + 从句
（2）主+ would rather + sb + V .
（3）It’s ( high ) time that …(只用过去时)
（4）If only +从句
2．用（should ）+（原形）来表示虚拟的情况
虚拟语气在动词suggest, desire, require, command, propose, order, insist, request, 等表示“请求,建议,命令,要求”后面的宾语从句中用“should +动词原形”, should可以省略。
Note: suggest表示“表明”时不用虚拟语气.
All the evidence suggested that he stole the money.
3. 表示祝愿
1) wish + adj./n.
2) may+动词原形, 此时may只能放于句首.
Note: I wish that…不是表示祝愿, 但动词原形可表示祝愿.
Exercises:
1．The teacher demanded that the exam ___________ before eleven.
A. must finish
B. would be finished
C. be finished
D. must be finished 2．She made the suggestion that I __________ my homework first before watching TV.
A. did
B. do
C. shall do
D. have done 3．If only I ________ as young as you are!
A. being
B. am
C. be
D. were 4．The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought
B. should have brought
C. brought
D. bring
5．I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. should be 6．The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.
A. would be arrested
B. must be arrested
C. be arrested
D. had to be arrested 7．Mr. Brown would rather that his son _________ in the royal（皇家的）air force last year.
A. served
B. had served
C. could serve
D. has served 8．Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying
B. not to stay
C. that he not stay
D. staying not 9．─Oh! It’s ten o’clock.
─It’s time you ________ to bed, little Frank.
A. to
B. will
C. went
D. gone 10．How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried
B. hadn't tried
C. have tried
D. didn't try
11. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written
B. be written
C. must be written
D. would be written
12. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to
B. went
C. go
D. will go
13. I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave
B. left
C. will leave
D. to leave
14. He insisted that he ___ me before.
A. see
B. should see
C. had seen
D. saw
15. He wishes ___ mistakes.
A. he doesn’t always make
B. he isn’t always making
C. he didn’t always make
D. he wouldn’t always make
16. I wish I ___ what to do.
A. knew
B. have known
C. know
D. would know
17. It is high time we ___ off.
A. are
B. were
C. be
D. will be
18. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A. be, should have
B. was, have
C. should be, had
D. was, has
19. James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.
A. saw
B. see
C. had been seen
D. had seen
20. The doctor suggested that she ___.
A. will not smoke
B. not smoke
C. would not smoke
D. did not smoke
key：CBDDC/CBCCB/BBBAC/ABBDB
四、would rather，would sooner，had rather，would(just)as soon，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just)as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。
(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
(3).Don't live in the world,I would rather(I would just as soon) you die.
(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.
(5).I would rather everything hadn't happened in the past.
(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。
(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。
(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
(10).Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？
(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形
I would rather stay at home today．
②would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形
I would rather stay at home than go out today．
五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S.and study there,but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。
虚拟语气的用法
本次课主要讲述虚拟语气的用法，需要大家重点掌握的有：
1．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
2．条件从句和结果主句所表的时间不一致的情况
3．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气用法
4．不用if引导的非真实条件从句
5．用在wish后面的虚拟语气
第一部分：语法讲解
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
如：I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.我希望今天早上能多睡一会，但是我得起来去上课。（表示愿望）
1．虚拟语气的基本形式
1）动词原形，用于一切人称和数
如：God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。
2）动词过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式是were。
如：If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这，一些都没有问题。
3)had+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。
如：If you had left a little earlier, you would have caught the train.如果你早点动身，你就能赶上火车了。
4）should +动词原形，用于一切人称和数。
如：They suggested that we should set off straightway.他们建议我们马上动身。
5）should+ have done，用于一切人称和数。
如：They should have come by this time.他们现在该到了。
6）should/would/could+动词原形
如：If I had time, I should/would/could come.如果我有时间，我一定来。（没有来）
7)should/would/could have done
如：If they hadn’t helped, you should/would/could have done nothing.要不是他们帮了你，你现在肯定一事无成。
2．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
条件从句
结果主句
与现在事实相反
If sb.+过去式（be的过去式是were）
sb.+should, would, could+动词原形
与过去事实相反
If sb.+had done
sb.+should,could, would+have done
与将来事实相反
If sb.+过去式/were to do/should+动词原形
sb.+should, would, could +动词原形
与现在事实相反：
如：If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你，我就会申请那份工作。
Even if I had money, I wouldn’t buy it.即是我有钱，我也不会买它的。
与过去事实相反：
如：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily.要不是你的帮忙，我的工作不会这么容易完成。
与将来事实相反：
如：If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
If the teacher knew it, she would be angry.万一老师知道了这件事情，她会生气的。
注：在非真实条件句中，可以将谓语中的were, had, should放在主语之前，省略if.
如：If you were in my position, what would you do? 如果你处在我的位置，你会怎么做？
省略if: Were you in my position, what would you do?
If facts had been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.假使早一个星期收集事实，我们就有更多的时间研究它们了。
省略if. Had facts been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.
If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.万一明天下雨，会议就会延期。
省略if. Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
3.条件从句和结果主句所表的时间不一致的情况
当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应该作相应的调整。
如：If you were in better health, we would have asked you to come.如果你身体好些，我们早就请你来了。
If we had consulted him on the question yesterday, we should know what to do now.假使昨天我们向他请教了这个问题，现在就知道怎么办了。
条件从句中用if I were, 结果主句则可以用任何时间的虚拟形式。
如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就会去的。（were表示过去）If I were not busy, I would come. 假如我不忙，我就会去的。（were表示现在）
4．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气用法
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时候不表达出来，只是暗含在上下文中。
如：We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件otherwise）
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（暗含条件without your help）
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件But for your help）
Given the opportunity, he might have become a famous singer.如果给他提供机会的话，他很
可能已经成为著名歌唱家了。（暗含条件Given the opportunity）
5．省去结果主句的非真实条件句
非真实条件句如省去结果主句，则常表示一种不可能实现的愿望。这种条件句常用if only 来引导。
如：If only I could see him once.我只要在见到他一次就好了。
If only he were here.如果她在这就好了。
If only I hadn’t done that .我要是没有做那件事就好了。
虚拟语气的用法
宁波光华学校肖慧群
虚拟语气，顾名思义就是假设一种不可能发生的事情，或想象中的事情，常含有与事实不符的意思。
I. If引导的虚拟语气
Eg : 1.If were a fish, I could swim in the river freely.
2.If I had studied harder, I would have been admitted to a better university
3.If I were to be given another chance, I would study harder.
类似的用法有1.由某些连词如suppose, supposing（假设）=if , lest（惟恐，免得）,in case（以防）,for fear that（恐怕）
Eg: supposing white were black, you would be right
2由并列连词but, otherwise ,or 连接的并列句，表转折。
I am busy ,otherwise I would go
3。由某些介词with (有), without(如果没有) ,but for(若无) ,under(要是在)引出的介词短语，有意味，句子用虚拟。
Eg: We could’t have finished the work on time without your help.
注意：①当在虚拟条件句中，将系动词were或助动词had, should, could 置于从句之首时，可省略if，
Eg : If I were you, I would go there.
=Were I you, I would go there
If I had come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.
=Had I come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.
②在否定句中，否定词应放在主语之后，不可提前，也不可缩写。If he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news
=Had he not seen his brother, he would not have known the news.
II.Wish引导的虚拟宾语从句
如果与现在事实相反，宾语从句用一般过去时。
Eg: I wish she were with me now
如果与过去事实相反，宾语从句用过去完成时。
Eg: I wish I had bought that house last year .
如果与将来事实相反，宾语从句用+动词原形
Eg:I wish I would hold a birthday party next month.
类似的用法有1。由would rather(宁愿), would sooner(宁愿) ,if only(要是。。。该多好啊)引导的宾语从语
Eg: 1.I would rather you were here now
2. If only I knew that!
2。由as if , as thought引导的方式状语从句谈论不可能或不真实的情形时，使用虚拟语气。
Eg: 1.she loved the little child as if she were his mother.
2.After that, he acted as if nothing had happened.
3.They look worried, as if something would happen .
注意：当谈论可能或真实的事或情形时不用虚拟语气。
Eg: It looks as if I’m going to be busy.
=I’m probably going to be busy.
III.由某些表主张，建议，要求，命令等词引出的名类名词性从句，一律用动词原形或should+动词原形，
Eg :1. he suggests that she should do it again(宾语从句)
2.His suggestion was that she should do it again(表语从句)
3.It is suggested that she should do it again(主语从语)
4.What do you think of his suggestion that she should do it again?(同位
语从句)
类似的用法：
1。某些表示必须，必要，重要，适当等形容词如necessary ,imperative, important, essential , vital ,proper 作表语，，后接的主语从句同样用虚拟语气should+动词原形或动词原形
Eg: It is necessary that he (should )be here tomorrow
2。某些表惊奇，失望，婉惜等感情的词sorry, surprised, disappointed, strange ,a pity, a shame,no wonder作表语时有竟然的意味，后接的两种从句（主语从句或状语从句），从句同样用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或动词原形.
Eg: I’m sorry that she should fail in the exam.
It’s strange that she should fail in the exam.
注意：当insist表坚持要某人做某事时用虚拟语气，而当表坚持说，坚持认为，表一种客观事实时用陈述语气。
Eg:①I insist that a doctor should be sent for immediately
②I insisted that I hadn’t broken the glass.
当suggest表建议用虚拟语气，当表暗示时用陈述语气
①I suggest that we should set off at once.
②His pale face suggested that he was ill.
IV.由it is/was about/high time that …引导的从句须用一般过去时或should+动词原形。
Eg: it is high time that we got up /should get up now.
V.有的条件句，主、从句动作时间不一致，叫错综时间条件句
Eg : If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
如果现在一切都没准备好，明天情况就糟了。据此，要根据句子意思来调整主句的谓语动词.
Exercises:
虚拟语气专项练习题
一．选出最佳答案。
(1). If Iyou, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. am
(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, theyspeak
with French accents.
A. don't
B. will not
C. mustn't
D. wouldn't
(3). If Janetomorrow, what would you do?
A. were not to come
B. will not come
C. would not come
D. had not come
(4）--- "Where have you been?"
--- "I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner."
A. I would be here
B. I have been here
C. I had been here
D. I would have been here
(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”
“You mean to say, you would have helped her ?”
A. if she asked you
B. if she were to ask you
C. if she had asked you C. were she to ask you
(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .
A. might have died
B. might die
C. would die
D. could die
(7). If they had known him, to him?
A.would they have talked
B. would they talk
C.had they talked
D. they would talk
(8). I would have gone to the concert, if Itime.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
(9) What _______you do if you won the lottery?
A. will
B. would
C. shall
D. should
(10). “Why didn't you help him?”
“I would haveI didn't have the money.”
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳 1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类： （1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。 （2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去完成时 主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如 If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest. 如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。 （3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”. 如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。 （4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如 If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend. 假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。 （注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。）
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
虚拟语气完整用法
虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
虚拟语气用法小结及练习(附答案)
虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习（附答案） 一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) 1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟 2. 错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生 的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 3. 省略连词if （倒装）。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
(完整word版)虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
虚拟语气用法及动词形式
用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） 5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力） 6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人） 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语 +should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
虚拟语气的几种用法
虚拟语气的几种用法 1．错综时间条件句 虚拟语气通常用于含条件状语从句的主从复合句中。条件状语从句中表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反的虚拟语气比较容易掌握，但绝不可把它们当作一成不变的数学公式一样对待。就是说，不能只单纯背语法条条框框，而应充分理解句子锁定的语言环境。有时从句动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时就要根据各自表示的时间概念加以调整。如： If he had taken my advice, he would be much better now．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词(如：without; butfor)引出的短语，一个连词（如：but; or; otherwise）引出的从句或其它方式来表示。如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the job in time．(Without your help＝If you hadn’t helped us) He could have given you more help, but he was busy．(but he was busy＝if he had not been busy) 3．倒装句 如从句中有were, had或should，则可以省去if, 并将were, had或should提前到句首，构成部分倒装。如： Were I to be young again, I would study medicine．(从句正常语序为：If I were to be young again) Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train．(从句正常语序为：If you had not left so early) 4．错综语气 有时从句用虚拟语气，主句却用陈述语气或祈使语气。如： If there should be an earthquake, what will you do﹖ (从句用虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气。) Ask her to leave a message if she should come．（从句用虚拟语气，主句用祈使语气。） 5．It is (high) time (that)句型 这个句型往往用“过去时”形式表示“现在”的动作，有时也用“should＋动词原形”。如：It’s high time (that) we began to work． I think it’s time (that) you made up／should make up your mind． 6．主句中含有suggest, suggestion, propose, proposal, insist, order, demand, request等词时，从句谓语部分常用“(should)＋动词原形”。如： She suggests that they (should) go there right away． Her suggestion is that they (should) go there right away．
虚拟语气用法大全
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,
虚拟语气的基本用法归纳
虚拟语气的基本用法归纳 今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。 一、虚拟语气的使用范围： 虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。 二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。
(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图 (1)
第四章虚拟语气
．选择题 1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon you _____her about it A. d idn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it