Adjectives全英解析
Adjectives
We use adjectives to describe nouns.
Most adjectives can be used in front of a noun…:
They have a beautiful house.
We saw a very exciting film last night.
or after a link verb like be, look or feel:
Their house is beautiful.
That film looks interesting.
adjectives: -ed and -ing
A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed:
-ing adjectives:
The commonest -ing adjectives are:
amusing shocking surprising frightening interesting disappointing exciting tiring worrying boring terrifying annoying
If you call something interesting you mean it interests you.
If you call something frightening you mean it frightens you.
I read a very interesting article in the newspaper today.
That Dracula film was absolutely terrifying.
-ed adjectives:
The commonest –ed adjectives are:
annoyed bored frightened worried
tired closed excited delighted disappointed
If something annoys you, you can say you feel annoyed. If something interests you, you can say you are interested.
The children had nothing to do. They were bored.
order of adjectives
Sometimes we use more than one adjective in front of a noun:
He was a nice intelligent young man.
She had a small round black wooden box.
Opinion adjectives:
Some adjectives give a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun:
good bad lovely strange
beautiful nice brilliant excellent
awful important wonderful nasty
Some adjectives give a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particular kinds of noun:
Food: tasty; delicious
Furniture, buildings: comfortable; uncomfortable
People, animals: clever; intelligent; friendly
We usually put a general opinion in front of a specific opinion:
Nice tasty soup.
A nasty uncomfortable armchair
A lovely intelligent animal
Usually we put an adjective that gives an opinion in front of an adjective that is descriptive:
a nice red dress; a silly old man; those horrible yellow curtains
We often have two adjectives in front of a noun:
a handsome young man; a big black car; that horrible big dog
Sometimes we have three adjectives, but this is unusual:
a nice handsome young man;
a big black American car;
that horrible big fierce dog
It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.
Adjectives usually come in this order:
12345678
General opinion Specific
opinion
Size Shape Age Colour Nationality Material
We use some adjectives only after a link verb:
afraid alive alone asleep content glad ill ready sorry sure unable well
Some of the commonest -ed adjectives are normally used only after a link verb: annoyed; finished; bored; pleased; thrilled
We say:
Our teacher was ill.
My uncle was very glad when he heard the news.
The policeman seemed to be very annoyed
but we do not say:
We had an ill teacher.
When he heard the news he was a very glad uncle
He seemed to be a very annoyed policeman
A few adjectives are used only in front of a noun:
north south east west northern
southern
eastern
western
countless
occasional
lone
eventful
indoor
outdoor
We say:
He lives in the eastern district.
There were countless problems with the new machinery. but we do not say:
The district he lives in is eastern
The problems with the new machinery were countless.
intensifiers
We use words like very; really and extremely to make adjectives stronger:
It’s a very interesting story
Everyone was very excited.
It’s a really interesting story.
Everyone was extremely excited
We call these words intensifiers. Other intensifiers are:
amazingly - exceptionally - incredibly - remarkably - particularly
We also use enough as an intensifier, but enough comes after its adjective:
If you are seventeen you are old enough to drive a car.
I can’t wear those shoes. They’re not big enough.
Intensifiers with strong adjectives:
When we want to describe something or someone as exceptional you can use a strong adjective. Strong adjectives are words like:
Enormous; huge = very big
Tiny = very small
Brilliant = very clever
Awful; terrible; disgusting; dreadful = very bad
Certain = very sure
Excellent; perfect; ideal; wonderful; splendid = very good
Delicious = very tasty
We do not use very with these adjectives. We do not say something is "very enormous" or someone is "very brilliant". With strong adjectives, for intensifiers we normally use:
absolutely - exceptionally - particularly - really - quite
The film was absolutely awful.
He was an exceptionally brilliant child.
The food smelled really disgusting.
Warning!
Intensifiers with particular adjectives
Some intensifiers go with particular adjectives depending on their meaning:
I’m afraid your wife is dangerously ill.
He was driving dangerously fast.
The car was seriously damaged.
Fortunately none of the passengers was seriously hurt
Some intensifiers go with particular adjectives. For example we use the intensifier highly with the
adjectives successful,intelligent, likely and unlikely:
He was highly intelligent.
She’s a highly successful businesswoman
… but we do not say:
We had a highly tasty meal.
That is a highly good idea.
We use the intensifier bitterly with the adjectives disappointed, unhappy and cold:
I was bitterly unhappy at school.
We were bitterly disappointed to lose the match.
It can get bitterly cold in winter.
You need to use your dictionary to find what sort of nouns these intensifiers go with.
Intensifiers with comparatives and superlatives:
We use these words and phrases as intensifiers with comparative adjectives:
much - far - a lot - quite a lot - a great deal - a good deal - a good bit - a fair bit
He is much older than me.
New York is a lot bigger than Boston.
We use much and far as intensifiers with comparative adjectives in front of a noun:
France is a much bigger country than Britain.
He is a far better player than Ronaldo.
We use these words as intensifiers with superlatives:
easily - by far - far
The blue whale is easily the biggest animal in the world.
This car was by far the most expensive.
mitigators
Mitigators are the opposite of intensifiers. When we want to make an adjective less strong we use these words:
fairly - rather - quite
By the end of the day we were rather tired.
The film wasn’t great but it was quite exciting.
and in informal English: pretty
We had a pretty good time at the party.
We call these words mitigators.
Warning
quite
When we use quite with a strong adjective it means the same as absolutely:
The food was quite awful. = The food was absolutely awful.
As a child he was quite brilliant. = As a child he was absolutely brilliant. Mitigators with comparatives:
We use these words and phrases as mitigators:
a bit - just a bit - a little - a little bit - just a little bit - rather - slightly
She’s a bit younger than I am.
It takes two hours on the train but it is a little bit longer by road
This one is rather bigger.
We use slightly and rather as mitigators with comparative adjectives in front of a noun:
This is a slightly more expensive model than that.
This is rather bigger one than that.
Adjectives as intensifiers:
We use some adjectives as intensifiers:
absolute
total - complete
utter - perfect
real
We say:
He’s a complete idiot.
They were talking utter nonsense.
… but we do not say:
The idiot was complete.
The nonsense they were talking was utter.
noun modifiers
backnext
We often use two nouns together to show that one thing is a part of something else:
the village church; the car door; the kitchen window; the chair leg;
my coat pocket; London residents
Warning
We do not use a possessive form for these things. We do not talk about:
The car’s door; the kitchen’s window; the chair’s leg
We can use noun modifiers to show what something is made of:
a gold watch; a leather purse; a metal box
We often use noun modifiers with nouns ending in -er and -ing:
an office worker; a jewellery maker; a potato peeler; a shopping list; a swimming lesson; a walking holiday.
We use measurements, age or value as noun modifiers:
a thirty kilogram suitcase; a two minute rest; a five thousand euro platinum watch; a fifty
kilometre journey;
We often put two nouns together and readers/listeners have work out what they mean. So:
?an ice bucket = a bucket to keep ice in
?an ice cube = a cube made of ice
?an ice breaker = a ship which breaks ice
?the ice age = the time when much of the Earth was covered in ice.
Sometimes we find more than two nouns together:
London office workers; grammar practice exercises
Position of noun modifiers
Noun modifiers come after adjectives:
The old newspaper seller
A tiring fifty kilometre journey
英语汉译英翻译
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
冀教版小学英语课标解析
冀教版小学英语课标解析 我教的是小学五、六年级英语，通过读教材我深切感悟到教师必须学习“英语新课标”才能适应教材改革的需要，才能适应新教材新教法的需要。新课程改革，是一次深刻的改革，新课改倡导全人教育，强调课程要促进每个学生身心健康的发展，培养学生良好的终身学习的能力，新课改倡导建设性学习，注重科学探究的学习，关注体验性学习，提倡交流与合作、自主创新学习，通过对新课程的学习，我认为作为教师的我必须做好充分的准备。反复学习新课程标准理念，深刻领会英语课程的要求。把学到的新课程标准的理念运用到自己的教学实践中。下面简单地谈一下我对小学英语新课标学习的几点体会。 一、英语教学要以学生的发展为基本出发点。 《英语课程标准》明确指出：英语课程要面向全体学生，在小学英语教学的整体目标上不仅仅是关注小学生知识有所得。能力有所提高，更重要的是要使小学生能够认识自我，建立自信，拥有学习英语的兴趣。同时要让小学生在学习英语的过程中形成适合自己的学习策略。在小学英语教学中要确立以学生为中心和以学习为中心的指导思想，考虑小学生的认知水平和心理发展水平，考虑不同年龄段学生的学习要求与个体差异。不要把英语课上成知识传授课，不要以教师的教代替学生的学。小学英语课一定要让学生在活动中去学习英语，通过说说、听听、唱唱、玩玩等形式,让小学生感受到学习英语的快乐,从而培养学习英语的
兴趣。兴趣是最好的老师,，生只有对英语有浓厚的兴趣才会愿意学。让学生有兴趣,我们首先得让学生感到英语易学。其次让学生乐学。最后培养学生的自学能力，培养他们对英语学习的积极态度。课程特别强调要关注每个学生的情感，激发他们的学习兴趣，帮助他们建立自信。这就要求我们的教师在备课时就要考虑学生的这些经历、情感、思想和认识。从而激活他们的这些实践经验，让他们积极主动地参与到教学活动中来，从而最大限度地发挥他们的主体作用，把旧课堂的“要我学”变为新课堂的“我要学”。适时地激发他们的学习热情，培养他们的学习兴趣。让课堂真正成为有趣、有序、有效的课堂。 二、倡导体验、实践、参与、交流与合作的学习方式， 强调学生能用英语做事情。 以往我们关注的只是支离破碎的知识点和技能，而不是一个面的累积。要根据课标所描述的“能做某事”为主线，实现学生能用所学语言做事情，在做事的过程中发展语言、思维、交流与合作的能力。同时坚持“发展为本”的原则，在时间、空间上为学生提供充分条件，引导学生多思、多说、多练。使学生在更轻松更愉快的环境下实现更多的信息交流，真正做到快快乐乐学英语，扎扎实实打基础。语言学习要从语法讲解中和单词的死记硬背中解脱出来，要通过创设良好的语言环境和提供大量的语言实践的机会，使学生通过自己的体验、感知、实践、参与和交流。形成语感。在教师的引导下，通过观察、发现和归纳等方式，掌
英语中的主谓一致
英语主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true. 2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点： 1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village. 3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man. 6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have)been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.
【英语】主谓一致考点+例题_全面解析1
【英语】主谓一致考点+例题_全面解析1 一、主谓一致 1．_____ Tom_____Maria loves this sport. A．Both, and B．Not only, but also C．But, and D．Both, or 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 试题分析：句意：不仅汤姆，玛丽亚也喜欢这个运动。Both…and…“两者都……”，连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Not only…but also… “不仅……而且……”，连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。谓语动词用“loves”,所以选择B。 考点: 考查连词的用法。 2．Now the number of students who bedrooms of their own getting larger and larger. A．has;are B．have;is C．has;is D．Have;are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在拥有自己卧室的学生越来越多。have动词，有；has动词三单，有。is 是，动词单三形式；are是，主语为第一、二人称，以及第三人称复数。定语从句Now the number of students who____ bedrooms of their own中，students为先行词，复数含义，所以定语从句谓语动词使用复数形式have。第二个空为be动词，其主语为the number（单数含义），所以be动词使用is。故选：B。 点睛：the number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数; a number of表示“许多”，相当于 many，修饰可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 3．- I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food? - Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer. A．will be B．was C．is 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：---我饿了。你知道在哪能买到好食物吗？---当然！拐角处有一家餐馆。A选项是一般将来时的there be句型，B选项是一般过去时的there be句型，C选项是一般现在时的there be句型；根据句意这里是一般现在时，故选C。 4．----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 【答案】A 【解析】
英语(汉译英)
公交常用英语 一、常用词语： 1、公共汽车 Bus 巴斯 2、出租车 Taxi 太克sei 3、电车 Trolleybus 超类巴斯 4、您好 Hello / How do you do. 好度有度 5、劳驾或请问 Excuse me…… A科斯Q私密 6、抱歉或对不起 Sorry 扫瑞 7、对不起打扰了 I’m sorry to trouble you 阿姆扫瑞兔揣宝有 8、谢谢 Thank you / Thanks 9、没关系 Not at all / It doesn’t matter 闹特爱特奥/ A特大怎特迈特 10、可以 It’s OK. A次欧凯 11、月票 commutation / monthly ticket 抗缪忒什/ 忙特雷忒K特 12、票价 carfare 卡fai尔 13、起点站 The starting stop 泽思达挺思道普 14、终点站 terminal / The Last stop 特妹闹泽拉斯特思道普 15、市区路线 Urban route 饿本入特 16、郊区路线 Suburban route 瑟波本入特 17、请等一下 Wait a moment 维特饿某们特 18、再见 Goodbye / Bye 19、首班车 The first bus 泽发斯特巴斯 20、末班车 The last bus 泽拉斯特巴斯 21、驾驶员 Driver 拽玩儿 22、乘务员 Conductor 肯达科特儿 23、调度员 Dispatcher 得死派车儿 24、请上车 Get on please 盖特昂普类似 25、请下车 Get off please 盖特奥夫普雷斯 26、中国济南 Jinan , China 济南柴那 27、空调车 Air-conditioned bus 艾尔可得什恩德巴斯 28、K系列豪华车 K series bus /可sei儿瑞丝巴斯 K series comfortable express 可sei儿瑞斯抗木否特包A科丝普ruai 丝 29、欢迎您！ Welcome 维尔康目 30、先生，您好！ How do you do , sir? 好读有度色儿31、小姐，你好！ How do you do , miss?
(英语)初中英语主谓一致专题训练答案
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汉译英翻译方法
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对英语新课程标准的解读
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