21世纪大学英语 综合教程第1单元正文

授课题目

Unit One——Hero and Courage

Main Reading: Text A What Courage Looks Like

教学进程

Leading-in: Warm-up Exercises

Put the following words and expressions to the correct categories.

courageous gloomy calm hysterical

furious assuring fragile collected

steady anxious panic sober

peaceful grim

Words and expressions describing negative feelings in an emergency :____________________________________

Words and expressions for describing positive feelings in an emergency :____________________________________

Cultural notes:

1. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history.

2. Horatio Nelson (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a flag officer famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. The English admiral and naval hero was noted for his bravery and for his victories, including the decisive Battle of Trafalgar. He ranks as the last great naval hero of a proud seafaring nation.

3. Joan of Arc, nicknamed ―The Maid of Orléans‖ (1412 – 30 May 1431), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in what is now eastern France who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France.

4. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi(2 October 1869 –30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.

Language Points:

1. chipper

— a. happy and active

Examples:

Yo u’re looking very chipper this morning.

你今天早上看起来很愉快。

He is deeply in love with the girl, her humor and her chipper smile.

他深爱着那个女孩，深爱着她的幽默和爽朗的笑容。

2.host

—v. to provide the place and everything that is needed for the people invited or for an organized event

Examples:

Which country is going to host the next World Cup？

哪个国家将会举办下一届世界杯？

In China, the wedding is generally hosted by the groom’s family.

3. Our communal looks acknowledged to one another that we had experienced minor problems and disturbances before.

Paraphrase:

Since we had experienced some small problems and unexpected situations when we traveled by air, we exchanged our looks to each other to show we were quite understanding and accustomed to what happened just now.

4. grave

— a. looking or sounding quiet and serious, especially because sth. important or worrying has happened

Examples:

The patient was clearly in an extremely grave condition.

显然，这位病人的情况十分严重。

His face was grave as he told them about the accident.

他神情严肃地向他们讲述了那场事故.

5. announcement

— n. an important or official statement

Examples:

David made the announcement at a news conference.

戴维在新闻发布会上发出了公告。

He’ll make an official announce ment later after visiting troops in Iraq.

在对驻伊部队的访问结束后，他将发表正式声明。

6. be out of order

— be in the wrong order; go wrong

Examples:

The elevator was out of order, so we had to walk to the tenth floor of the building.

由于电梯发生故障，我们只好徒步爬上十楼。

As the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing. 由于洪水造成了电话中断，我们无法了解他们的情况。

7．on board.

— on a ship, train, plane or other vehicles

Examples:

We had a pleasant time on board both ships.

我们在两艘船上都度过了快乐的时光。

The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board.

在船上还有其他人的时候，船长拒绝离开正在下沉的船。

8. No sight has ever been so sobering as that fuel, hundreds of gallons of it, streaming past my window out of the plane’s tanks.

Paraphrase:

Hundreds of gallons of fuel were dumped from the plane’s tank. The fuel streamed past my window. I have never seen a scene as sobering as this before.

9. comfort

— v. to make sb. feel less worried, unhappy, or upset, for example by saying kind things to them or touching them

Example:

Her mother’s words of love comforted the sobbing child

妈妈充满爱心的话使哭泣的孩子得到安慰。

— n. a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointment

Example:

They love nice things and like to live in comfort

他们喜欢美好的东西，过舒适的生活。

10. hysterical

—a. unable to control one’s behavior or emotions because of extreme excitement, anger, etc. Examples:

He is hysterical at the sight of the photo.

他一看到那张照片就异常激动。

You are getting hysterical, maybe you should try to calm down.

你越来越激动了，也许你应该试着冷静下来。

11. fellow

— n. people that you work with, study with, or who are in the same situation as you Examples:

You must not let fellow workers take advantage of your fine talents.

不要让你的同事利用你的才能。

He was a bright little fellow with a fresh-looking face

他是一个聪明的小伙子，有着鲜活帅气的面容。

12. be stunned by

— be shocked by

Examples:

She was stunned by the news of he r son’s death.

她儿子的死讯令她震惊。

He was too stunned by what had happened to say anything.

他对所发生的事情感到十分震惊，一时说不出话来。

13. grim

— a. looking or sounding very serious; making you feel worried

Examples:

He has to acknowledge the grim fact.

他不得不承认这无情的事实。

Given these grim realities, how should the effort at reform be pursued?

考虑到这些严酷的现实，改革的努力又应如何继续呢？

14. composure

— n. the state of feeling or seeming calm

Examples:

I did my best to regain my composure.

我尽了最大的努力恢复镇静。

She maintained her composure, though with difficulty, throughout the trial?

尽管十分困难，她在审讯中还是尽力保持冷静？

15. tremor

— n. a slight shaking or trembling movement

Examples:

Her behavior caused a great tremor in the society.

她的行为在社会上引起了极大震动。

There had been a tremor so slight that I did not even feel it.

发生的震动十分轻微，我甚至都没有感觉到。

16. clench

—v. to hold one’s hands, teeth, etc. together tightly, usually out of anger or determination Examples:

He clenched his teeth and refused to tell anything.

他咬紧牙关，什么也不肯说。

The boy clenched his fists, ready to defend himself.

小男孩攥紧拳头，准备保护自己。

17. assure

— v. to make certain of; be careful or certain to do sth

Examples:

Halfway through the survey, he began assuring me there was only ―one last question‖.

调查进展到一半时，他努力使我相信只剩下―最后一个问题了‖。

Instead, you can earn her trust by assuring her that you will do your work to her specifications. 相反，你可以通过向她保证你会按照她的要求做事来赢得她的信任。

18. chaos

— n. a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order

Examples:

Chaos in one area is likely to spread to another.

在一个地区发生的骚乱很有可能扩散到另一地区。

After the dissolution of parliament the country went in chaos.

国会解散之后，这个国家陷入一片混乱。

19. grief

— n. extreme sadness, especially because sb. you love has died

Examples:

She went nearly mad with grief after the child died.

孩子死后，她伤心欲绝，几乎要疯了。

They found the poor old man half frantic with grief and anger.

他们看到这位可怜的老人由于悲伤和愤怒，几乎发疯了。

20. ward off

— to prevent the occurrence of; to prevent from happening

Examples:

No official bodies have been able to ward off the sinister threat.

没有任何官方机构能够阻止这种可怕的威胁。

There are innumerable instances where threatened calamity has been warded off.

有数不清的可怕灾难最后都避免了。

21. haunt

— v. to cause problems for sb. over a long period of time

Examples:

For years she was haunted by guilt.

多年来愧疚一直困扰着她。

Mistakes always come back to haunt you.

错误似乎总在你身边作祟。

22. strain

— v. to try very hard to do sth. using all your strength or ability

Examples:

She strained her long lost sister to her heart, weeping for joy.

她紧抱着她失散多年的妹妹，高兴地哭了。

He strained his voice to shout in order to let the old lady hear clearly.

他扯起嗓门大声喊叫，以便让那位老太太能够听清。

23. compel

— v. to force sb. to do sth.

Examples:

Nothing can compel me to quit the competition.

没有什么可以迫使我退出那场竞赛。

They were often compelled to work eleven or twelve hours a day.

他们常常被迫每天工作十一二个小时。

24. miracle

— n. sth. very lucky or very good that happens which you did not expect to happen or did not think was possible

Examples:

The doctors said her recovery was a miracle.

在严冬季节，即便是一朵鲜花，也是一种奇迹和希望的象征。

25. destined

— a. seeming certain to happen at some time in the future

Examples:

Death is just a part of life, something we are all destined to do.

死亡只是生命的一部分，是我们注定要去做的一件事。

He was a soldier’s son and was destined from birth for the army.

他是军人之子，生来就注定要做军人。

26. bear up

— to support; not to disappoint

Examples:

It is strong enough to bear up the weight of the roof.

它很牢固，足以支撑住屋顶的重量。

It’s surprising that she can bear up with such an affliction.

她能承受这样的苦难真是令人吃惊。

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