当前位置：文档库 › 初中英语语法讲座(一)

初中英语语法讲座(一)

初中英语语法讲座（一）

姓名_____________

一、名词

关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。

┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不

是a

可数名词

名词的根据数└复数

不可数名词

1.复数的构成方法：

(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。

(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。

(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。

2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese

3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet

(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人)--Germans

(3)child—children

4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。

如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.

5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)

No news is good news.

6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。

How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife)

不可数名词：

1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。

应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.

2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。

如：Some bread over there. (be)

3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread

请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples

例：1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)

2、Could I have three ,please？

A. piece of bread

B. .piece of breads

C. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads

名词的格

名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“'s”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“'”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day

关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：

1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去医生家。

2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的

3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is

A、Kate ,my B .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mine D .Kate's, my

二、冠词

冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：

1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the

2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine

3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the

4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth

5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。

如：the first, the best ,in the south

6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。

如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.

7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair

8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：

(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)

(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football

(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.

9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：

in front of 在…前面in the hospital 在医院里

in the front of 在…范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院

There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital.

A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the

初中英语语法讲座(二)

姓名_____________

三、数词

同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。

1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：

1,2,3特殊记，加th 从4起(first, second, third, fourth)

8少t，9去e，千万别忘记(eighth ,ninth)

逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)

20到90，y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)

若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)

2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.

只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。

hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的

thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的

millions of 数百万的

这些词组前不能用具体数字。

3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。

eg: Henry has learned eight French words this year.

A. hundred

B. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of

The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)

另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。

顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five

4:15 four fifteen

倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four

4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four

4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five

练习题

1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million.

2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.

3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.

4.Would you give me ________, please?

A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers

5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.

A. monkeys , sheeps

B. monkeys, sheep

C. monkies, sheep

D. monkies, sheeps

6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.

A. Germans, Frenchmans

B. Germen, Frenchmans

C. German, Frenchmen

D. Germans, Frenchmen

7.June 1 is ______________.

A. the Children's Day

B. the C hildrens' Day C .Children's Day D. Childrens' Day

思考题

1.__________people went out to see what had happened.

A. Thousands of

B. Three thousand of

C. Thousand of

D. Three thousands

2.We have been in the school for______.

A. three and a half month B .three and a half months

C. three month and a half D .three months and half

3._____English is_____ useful language.

A.A, an

B./, a

C. The, an

D. A, /

初中英语语法讲座（三）

姓名_____________

四、代词

(一)

人称代词主格I you he she it we you they

宾格me you him her it us you them

物主代词形容词性my your his her its our your their

名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。

2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。

如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)

⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)

3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属

如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹

a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.

5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：

enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)

by oneself=alone (单独、独自)

help oneself to…(随便吃/喝些...)

learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)

练习题

1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think.

A. They

B. Their

C. Theirs

D. Them

2. Nobody taught___ English. He taught____.

A. him, himself

B. his, himself C .him, by himself D. his, his

（二）

修饰可数词many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义

修饰不数名词much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义

few 和little 与quite 或only 连用时，常加不定冠词a.

如:There are quite a few new books in the library.

用little, a little, few, a few填空:

1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.

2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.

3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.

4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.

（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.

当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something new

There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题

A. important anything

B. important something

C. anything important

D. something important

(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another

1.some（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。

any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句

①Will you give me some water?

②Would you like some meat?

③May I ask some questions?

④Could I have some apples?

2.every＋单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。

each “每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。

如：Each student was asked to try again.

Each of them has a nice skirt.

Every child likes playing games.

3.all “(全部)都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of

如：We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.

None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）

4.both “（两者）都”作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。

either “两者中任何一个”, 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。

neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。

如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.

There are trees on both sides of the street.

= There are trees on either side of the street.

Neither of us is going to Beijing next week

Neither answer is right.

5. another +单数名词, “另一个”

one …the other “一个……，另一个……”

the other +复数名词

= the others “其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）

others “别人”

(五)疑问代词5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which

这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)

________ ________ are you going to take?

初中英语语法讲座（四）

姓名_____________

五、形容词副词

大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：

原级：

比较级：比较...，更...一些

最高级：最...

（A）1.构成：(规则情况)

情况变化方法例词

单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest

以字母e结尾加r, st nice-nicer-nicest

重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest

以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest

部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more, most

slowly-more slowly-most slowly

2.不规则变化，须熟记：

good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest

bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least

(B)常见的使用情况

1.as …as …和...一样（中间用原级）

2.not as(so) …as 和...不一样（中间用原级）

3…than …. ..比...（用比较级）

4.有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的

eg. ⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year.

⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen .

5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…...”

eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful

6. The+比较级，the+比较级越…...就越…...

eg:The more, the better. 越多越好

(C)注意点：

1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。

2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。

3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

(D)掌握三种同义句转换：

1.He is taller than any other student in his class.

=He is the tallest (student)in his class.

2.This film is less interesting than that one.

=This film isn't as interesting as that one.

=That film is more interesting than this one.

3.I prefer maths to English.

=I like maths better than English.

96中考题：

Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs?

A .best, or

B .better, or

C .best, and D. better, and

此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：

1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。

2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词

enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词

eg; she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。

3.区别几组易混淆的副词:

也

too用于肯定、疑问句

also 较为正式书面语

either 用于否定句

已经

already 常用于肯定句、疑问句

yet 常用于否定句、疑问句

不再

no (not any) longer 从时间上讲

no (not any) more 从动作上讲

如此这样

such 修饰名词eg: such a big box

so 修饰形容词、副词eg: so big

单独、独自

alone 作表语=by oneself

孤独的

lonely 可作表语、定语

eg: A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy)

练习题

1.The students are having a good time in the park.

Some are drawing by the lake. _____ are climbing the hill.

A. Others

B. Other

C. Another

D. The other

2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.

A. important something

B. important anything

C. anything important

D. nothing important

3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?

-No ,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______.

A. hers, my

B. her, my

C. Mine, hers

D. hers, mine

思考题

1.The Changjiang River is the third _____ river in the world.

A. long

B. longer

C. longest

D. the longest

2. An elephant is _____ than a horse.

A. more strong

B. much stronger

C. the most strong

D. much more strong

3. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water?

A. good B .Well C. Better D. Best

初中英语语法讲座（五）

姓名_____________

六、介词

1．与形容词搭配的词组有：

be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）

be away from （不在某地）be different from （与…不同）

be good at （善于）be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害)

be interested in （对…感兴趣）be late for （迟到）

be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of (对…有把握)

be worried about （为…感到担忧）

2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式

1)You must take good care of her.

2)Thank you for teaching us so well.

3．几组易混淆的介词

A．“在...之后”in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）

after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）

after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）

如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.

The baby will stop crying in half an hour.

They will visit their teacher after Friday.

B．for +一段时间

since +过去的一点时间

这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。

C．be made of "用……制成"

be made in “由某地制造”

be made by somebody “由某人制成”

D．in, on, at表时间

in “在某月(季节、年)等”

eg: in 1996, in January, in summer

固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end

on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"

eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”

固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time

注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说in tomorrow ,只能说tomorrow 在明天

E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外”（不包括本身）

Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换)

=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.

F．“用”通过交通工具by plane

用语言in English

通过媒介on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV

用工具手段with a pen, with one's hands

G．between “在~和~（两者）之间”

between...and...,

between the two...

among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)

eg. Sue spent over two hours ____ her homework yesterday evening.

A. on

B. with

C. at

D. over

语法补充资料——介词

I．要点

1、介词和种类

（1）简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

（2）复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

（1）和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

（3）和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

（1）at, on, in（表时间）

表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

（2）between, among（表位置）

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：

He is the best among the students.

（3）beside, besides

beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

（4）in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法

（6）in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内at the corner 指在拐角外

（7）in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

（8）by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

II．例题

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except

B but

C beside

D besides

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on

B at

C in

D during

例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.

A to

B in

C at

D on

初中英语语法讲座（六）

姓名_____________

七、连词

1．并列连词

both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词

neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either…or…“或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”

and“和”连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。

but “但是”表转折，不能与though 同时出现在句中。

or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and。

eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)

I don't have brothers or sisters.

= I have no brothers and no sisters.

2．引导宾语从句的连词

陈述句：that 可省略

一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词

3．引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中)

4．引导时间状语从句的连词：

A. when（当…时候），as soon as…（一…就），not…until（直到…才），after（在…之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。

eg: I won't leave until he comes back.

B. since（自从…以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.

C. while（当…时候，一边…一边…）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。

eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.

5．引导条件状语从句的连词：

if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。

请区别于if“是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定

eg:1)I don't know if it (rain) tomorrow.

2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other ___they left school five years ago.

A. as

B. before C .after D. since

语法补充资料——连词

I．要点

1、连词的种类

（1）并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

（2）从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。

2、常用连词举例

(1)and 和，并且

They drank and sang all night.

(2) both…and 和，既…也…

Both my parents and I went there.

(3) but 但是，而

I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4) either…or 或…或…，要么…要么…

Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5) for因为

I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而，可是

Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9) or 或者，否则

Hurry up, or you'll be late.

Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10) so 因此，所以

It's getting late, so I must go.

(11) although 虽然

Although it was late, they went on working.

(12) as soon as 一…就

I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13) because 因为

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

（14）unless 除非，如果不

I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

（15）until 直到…

He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)

He stayed there until eleven.

（16）while 当…时候，而(表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

My pen is red while his is blue.

（17）for 因为

He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

（18）since自从…

I have lived here since my uncle left.

（19）hardly… when 一… 就

I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

（20）as far as 就… 来说

As far as I know, that country is very small.

You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

II．例题

例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

A as well

B as well as

C so well

D so well as

例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A when

B where

C which

D while

例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and

B. then

C. or

D. otherwise

初中英语语法讲座（七）

姓名_____________

八、动词

可以分为四类：实义动词（或称行为动词）连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。

（一）实义动词（行为动词）

1.不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语

如:look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about等

2.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整

在及物动词+副词构成动副搭配时,代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆。

如:turn on(√) turn on the radio(√) turn the radio on(√)turn on it(×) turn it on(√)

常见的动副搭配的词组有：put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等

3.注意行为动词的几种变化形式

原形enjoy

第三人称单数enjoys

过去式enjoyed

过去分词enjoyed

现在分词enjoying

象过去式，过去分词，同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则动词变化表。

现在分词的变化方法，一般是直接在动词后加ing，有几个特殊的可加以记忆：lie-lying, die-dying

要双写的单词有：

一个m(swim-swimming)

一个g(dig-digging)

三个n(run-running, win-winning, begin-beginning)

三个p(stop-stopping, shop-shopping ,drop-dropping)

还有六个t(sit-sitting, hit-hitting，get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, forget-forgetting)

同学们特别应注意forget, begin这种双音节单词。

另外，eat, wait这两个词不是重读闭音节，故不能双写加ing，这也是同学们易犯的错误。

4.请区别几组易混淆的同义动词

第一组look-see-watch-read

look 看look at the bird

see 看见see a film

watch 观看、注视watch TV，watch a football match

read 读，阅读read a book，read newspapers

第二组say-speak-talk-tell

say 说（不及物动词）

①say to sb. , (后跟引语) ②say it again (后常跟it)

speak 讲，发言（不及物动词）

①speak at the meeting ②learn to speak ③speak English

talk 谈话（不及物动词）

①talk about sth.(谈论某事) ②talk with sb.(和某人交谈)

tell 告诉，讲（及物动词）

①tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth.

②tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人)

③tell the time “报时”/ tell a story “讲故事”

用say, speak, talk,tell的适当形式填空：

1.Can you ＿＿＿＿Japanese?

2.The teacher ＿＿＿us not to play in the street.

3.Would you please ＿＿it in English?

4.What are you ＿＿＿＿about?

第三组borrow-lend

borrow 借进（短暂动词）

①borrow sth. (借某物)

②borrow sth. from sb. (向某人借某物）

如May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken.

lend 借出（短暂动词）

lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)

如:You mustn't lend it to others.

keep 借（一段时间），常与一段时间的时间状语连用，为延续性动词。如: How long may I keep it?

第四组bring-take

bring 带来（表示从远处拿到说话的地点来），常与here, me 搭配

如：Please bring my hat to me tomorrow.

take 带走（表示从说话地点拿到远处去），常与there, away搭配

如：Take your raincoat with you. It's going to rain.

第五组listen-hear

listen 听不及物，常与介词to连用

如:I listened carefully, but heard nothing.

Hear 听到及物后直接跟宾语

hear from sb 收到某人的来信

如:Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.

hear of 听说

如:Have you heard of the news?

第六组look for-find-find out

look for 寻找（强调动作）

find 找到发现（强调结果）

如:We looked for him everywhere but didn't find him.

find out 查明（通过调查研究找到事实的真相）

如:Can you find out who broke the window?

第七组put on-wear-dress

put on 穿上（强调动作）

如:It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.

wear 穿着（强调状态）

如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.

dress 打扮，给...穿衣服

①dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服

②get dressed 穿好衣服

③dress up 打扮穿上盛装”

如:She often dresses up in a red skirt.

第八组forget-leave

forget 忘了某物

如:I forgot to tell you about it.

leave 把某物忘在某地

如:Kate left her key to her room at home.

5．有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人），间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，若颠倒两者的位置，则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to或for）。

1）2)

draw sth. for sb. pass sth. to sb.

make sth. for sb. give sth. to sb.

mend sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb.

buy sth. for sb. show sth. to sb.

get sth. for sb. bring sth. to sb.

cook sth. for sb. take sth. to sb.

keep sth. for sb. write sth. to sb.

return sth. for sb. send sth. to sb.

Eg: How much did you ____ all these things?

A. spend B .give C. cost D. pay for

（二）连系动词

eg: His grandpa has been _____ for over ten years.(die)

常见的连系动词有：

be + adj. / n. 是，在

become + n. /adj. 变成

turn + adj. 变得

get + adj. 变得

grow + adj. 长得

keep + adj. 保持着

feel + adj. 感到

look + adj. 看上去

seem + adj./n. 看起来好象

smell + adj. 闻起来

fall asleep 入睡

（三）情态动词

1.can:

能，会表示能力，相当于be able to。

可以，表示许可，相当于may。

can’t be 不可能

2.may:

可以，可能，或许

may be 可能请区别maybe副词可能

3.must:

必须，表示肯定的猜测

must be 准是，一定是

4.could: 比can语气更委婉，客气，并不表示过去时。

5.注意回答形式：

⑴May I...? Yes, you may. No, you can't (mustn't).

⑵Must I ...? Yes, you must. No,you needn't.

6.must 表示说话人的主观看法，have to 表示外界客观愿望,不得不。

如:⑴Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home and take care of her.

⑵You must look after your clothes.

7.should 表示"应当，应该"，与疑问词连用表意外，惊奇。

What should I do? 我该怎么办呢？

8.will, would 在交际用语中，would更客气，表邀请。

Will you...? ...好吗？Would you...?

（四）助动词

助动词有do, does, did, have, has, will, would等

（五）动词不定式

形式：to +动词原形

特点：1.无人称和数的变化。

2.在句中不能作谓语。

3.可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语。

1. 使役动词: let, make

感观动词: see, hear, watch, feel, notice之后必须使用省略to的动词不定式。如：⑴Nothing could make him get angry.

⑵I often hear her sing in the morning.

2.had better 后使用省略to的动词不定式。

如：You had better do it by yourself.

3.It 作形式主语，可用to do 作真正的主语。

如:⑴It took me half an hour to finish the work.

⑵It's bad for you to read in bed.

⑶It's very kind of you to help me.

4.动词不定式常与特殊疑问词连用。

如：⑴He didn't know when to start.

⑵We don't know how to get there.

⑶I can't decide which sweater to choose.

5.记住一些特殊结构：

⑴Would like/love to do 想要做

⑵Why not do ? 为什么不做

⑶Help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事

⑷It's time to do sth. 是干某事的时候了。

⑸spend (in) doing sth.=It takes sb. to do sth.花费（时间）做某事

⑹too...to do sth. 太...以致不能...

⑺can't wait to do sth. 等不及做某事,迫不及待做某事

⑻stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来开始做某事

动词练习题

1．--Can you answer this question in English? No, I _____.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. may not

D. can't

2. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise 1, but you let me ______ Exercise 2.

A.to do, do

B. to do, to do

C. do, to do

D. do, do

3. Miss Green saw a wallet _______ on the ground when she walked past the school gate.

A. lie

B. Lying

C. lies

D. to lie

4.What have you done _____ the milk? I've just _____ it.

A. with, eaten

B.for, eaten

C. with, drunk

D. for, drunk

5.It's rather cold today. You'd better _____ more clothes before you go out.

A. put on

B.wear

C.to put on

D. to wear

6.The radio _______ it will get warmer later.

A. says

B. speaks

C.talks

D. tells

7. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest?

A. stop having

B.stop to have

C.to stop having

D. to stop to have

8. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many places of interest in South China.

A.went to

B. has been in

C.has gone to

D. has been to

9. Mother told me _____ in the sun.

A. not read

B. don't read

C. read not

D. not to read

10.Do you often see her ________ volleyball on the playground?

A. play

B. played

C. plays

D. to play

11.─It's fine today.Why ______ out for a picnic? ─That's a good idea.

A. not go

B. don't go

C. to not go

D. not to go

思考题

1.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _______ the problem.

A. do

B. did

C. to do

D. doing

2.When the little boy ____someone coming upstairs,he stopped _____.

A. heard…crying

B. listened…to cry

C. heard…to cry

D. listened…cry

3.Ann was just falling ______ when the telephone rang.

A. asleep

B. sleep

C. sleeping

D. slept

4.I ______ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please?

A. forgot

B. have forgotten

C. left

D. have left

5.Jim _____ the good news to his classmates this morning.

A. spoke

B. told

C. said

D. talked

1、一般现在时

（1）表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

（2）表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：

The earth goes round the sun.

2、现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：

What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：

He is always doing good deeds.

3、现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：

It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

８、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

９、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give为例。

时／式一般进行完成

现在am

is given

are

is being

are

has

been given

have

过去was

given

were

was

being given

were

had been given

将来shall

be given

will

shall

have been given

will

过去将来should

be given

would

should

have been given

would

II．例题

例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died

B died

C dead

D is dead

例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A is looked

B has looked for

C is being looked for

D has been looked

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

１、虚拟语气的构成

情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be要用were）should

+动词原形would

与过去事实相反had +过去分词should

+have+过去分词would

与将来事实相反１、动词过去时

２、should +动词原形

３、were to +动词原形

should

＋动词原形

would

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：

Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

２、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

（１）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It i s a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

（２）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

（３）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

（４）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

（５）在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或

"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：

It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

II．例题

例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays

B have stayed

C stayed

D would stay

例２"Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes

B came

C should come

D will come

例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.

A had done

B might have done

C might do

D would do

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

（１）动词＋介词

常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

（２）动词＋副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

（３）动词＋副词＋介词

常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

All his money added up to no more than $100.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

（４）动词＋名词＋介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

（５）动词＋形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

（６）动词＋名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

（7）辨析

give away(让给，暴露) 和give up（放弃，停止）

put away（放起，收起）和put out （扑灭）

turn up（出席，放大）和turn on （打开）

keep out（阻止）和keep off （不让靠近）

make up（编造，补上）和make out（辨认）

take off（脱，起飞）和take out（拿出）

II．例题

例１It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away

B kept up

C given away

D laid up

例２Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

A touch

B relation

C connection

D friendship

例３____! There's a train coming.

A Look out

B Look around

C Look forward

D Look on

１、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

式/语态主动语态被动语态

一般式to write to be written

完成式to have written to have been written

进行式to be writing

完成进行式to have been writing

２、不定式的句法功能

（１）作主语

To hear from you is nice.

To be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：

It's nice to hear from you.It's not easy to be a good teacher.

（２）作宾语

通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：

I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.

（３）作表语

My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing.

（４）作定语

不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：

I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do.

（５）作宾补

通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：

He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order.

（６）作状语

He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students.

（７）作独立成分

To tell you the truth, I told a lie.

（８）"疑问词＋不定式"结构。如：

I don't know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go.

（9）不定式的否定式。如：

I decided not to go.

（10）不定式的完成式。如：

He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.

The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

（11）too…to 结构。如：

He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)

（12）主动表被动。如：

The book is easy to read. I have a book to read.

II．例题

例１I haven't got a chair ____.

A to sit

B for to sit on

C to sit on

D for sitting

例2 He was made ____.

A go

B gone

C going

D to go

例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.

A to be built

B built

C to build

D to building

初中英语语法20首顺口溜

初中英语语法20首顺口溜01 英语的词类句子要由词组成，英语词类有十种：句中成份用实词，名、代、动、副、数、形容：冠、介、连词和感叹，虚词附加或沟通。词类功能掌握了，造句之时好运用。 02 语序歌主、谓、宾、表同汉语，

定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊，不能全和汉语比。 03 肯定句变一般疑问句 have和be提句首，其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。 04 肯定句变否定句否定词语加not，

放在be和have后。其它要加动词do，do的后面加not，时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留。谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。 05 名词的所有格名词只变数，不分主宾格。人和动物类，可变所有格。撇（’）后加s，相当汉语“的”。

时间、距离等，也变所有格。 06 名词变复数单数变为复数式，加上“s”统言之。下列结尾名词后，要加“s”先加“e”：发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z]，或是辅音加“o”时。有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意：“y”前字母是辅音，一律变“y”为“ie”；遇到“f / fe”，

有时需要变“ve” 少数名词不规则，特别情况靠硬记。 07 时间名词前所有介词的速记年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用“on”，上午下午又是“in”。要说某日上下午，用on 换in 才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。 at 也在时分前，说“差”用to，

说“过”要用past。 08 介词用法歌介词加宾语，才能有实意。表、定、状、宾、补，词组在句里。 09 介词顺口溜 in 在……里， out 在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by。 on 在……上，

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的难题汇编及答案解析

一、选择题 1．I drank a large cup of coffee yesterday evening, and it kept me ______ all night. A．intelligent B．patient C．absent D．awake 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 4．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 5．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 6．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 7．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 8．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 9．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 10．Mr. Black’s memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A．older B．poorer C．greater D．better 11．The sky in Zhengzhou these days is even , so we don’t have to wear the masks. A．more clearly B．more clearlier C．fresher D．more fresher 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—More and more cities in China begin to build subways! —That’s right! It will make our lives than before. A．the busiest B．busier C．the easiest D．easier 14．— How was your job interview yesterday? —Oh, I couldn’t feel ______.I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A．worse B．easier C．better D．happier 15．you speak,_ your English will be. A．The less; the more B．The more; the better

初中英语语法视频讲座

初中英语语法视频讲座篇一：初中英语语法讲座(一) (5) 初中英语语法讲座（一）姓名_____________ 一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。 ┌单数---可用 a、an 来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用 an，而不是 a 可数名词名词的根据数└复数不可数名词 1.复数的构成方法： (1)一般在复数名词后加 s，如：dog--dogs。 (2)以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es，如：watch--watches。 (3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es，如：country--countries。请区别：如果是元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，则只须加 s 如：monkey--monkeys。 (4)以 o 结尾的名词，只有 potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加 es 构成复数。 (5)以 f、fe 结尾的名词，变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es，如：knife--knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot-- feet (2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)--Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) 6.可用 how many，many，a few，few，a lot of， lots of，some，any 等来修饰可数名词复数。不可数名词： 1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记 medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Somebreadover there.(be) 3.常用 how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any 等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用 a piece of, a cup of 等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，

初中英语语法专题讲座03冠词

初中英语语法专题讲座——冠词【复习要点】英语的冠词分为三种：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）。一、不定冠词：英语中不定冠词有两个：a, an。a用于以辅音音素开头的词前，例如：a room, a red apple, a useful book；an用于元音音素开头的词前，例如：an egg, an old man, an hour。 1、不定冠词的基本用法：不定冠词主要用于泛指和类指，有时也用于特指（如以下第⑵条）。 ⑴、表示“一个（one）；每一个（each）”，例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张餐桌和四张椅子。He comes to visit me twice a year. 他每年来看我两次。 a和one有时可以互换，例如：There were nearly a / one hundred people at the meeting.有将近100人参加了会议。但是，在一些习惯用语中，a和one是不可互换的。例如：once upon a time（从前）和one day（有一天）这两个短语中的a, one就不能互换；an hour or two 和one or two hours （一两个小时）这两个短语中的an, one也不能互换。请注意： a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是两台） ⑵、表示“某一个（a certain）”，例如：She went to buy a dictionary. 他去买了一本词典。（没有买别的东西）We used to live in a small house. 我们曾经住在一间小屋子里。 ⑶、表示一类中的任何一个，通常不必译成中文。例如：A horse is an animal. (= Horses are animals. / The horse is an animal.) 马是一种动物。提示：表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法： The dog is a faithful animal.（用定冠词）A dog is a faithful animal.（用不定冠词） Dogs are faithful animals. （用复数形式，不加定冠词） 2 、不定冠词的特别用法：用在序数词前，表示“再一次，又一个”。例如：You’ll have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。I don’t think we’ll need a third person. 我认为我们不再需要第三个人了。二、定冠词：定冠词只有一个：the其发音是：在元音音素前读/eI/，在辅音音素前读/e? /。 1、定冠词的基本用法：一般情况下，定冠词主要用于特指和类指，例如： ⑴表示前面提到过的人或物，例如：There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房间里有一把椅子，椅子上坐着一位老人。 ⑵表示谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：I don’t know the man. Is he your English teacher?我不认识那个人，他是你们的英语老师吗？

初中英语语法口诀大汇总

初中英语语法口诀大汇总【新初一年级英语语法口诀（上）】大小写字母书写口诀大A箭头指上方，小a系辫好模样；大B耳朵右边长，小b食指指向上；大C吃饭把嘴张，小c大C一个样；大D肚子圆又胖，小d五线谱里藏。大E将山竖着放，小e像鱼肉真香；大F像旗杆上绑，小f像个小拐杖；大G让C挂条棍，小g大辫真正长。大H工字放倒写，小h椅子侧着放。大I工字中间长，小i像人跪地上；大J长得多像“厂”，小j子弹射出枪；大K伸臂又踢腿，小k稍息把事想；大L指针三点过，小l像根火腿肠；大M像海鸥在飞翔，小m鼻孔出气长。大N电闪实在亮，小n单门墙上装；大O鸡蛋喷喷香，小o蛋小人人抢；大P圆旗高飘扬，小p让b练倒立；大Q西瓜连藤摘，小q和9很相似；大R是P右踢腿，小r向上撅撅嘴。

大S弯弯溪流淌，小s像8没合上；大T铁锤当当响，小t像个大写七；大U陷阱在下方，小u将n倒着放；大V竖起两手指，小v长个尖下巴。大W是M朝天躺，小w将v弄成双；大X像叉画本上，小x剪刀裁衣忙。大Y弹弓没皮筋，小y比v多尾巴；大Z和2最相像，小z呼噜声最响。英语字母书写口诀字母书写有规则，右倾五度正适合。大写全在上两格，高低一致不会错。小写字母也不难，请你记住这几点。有头就用上两格，b, d, h, i, k, l 和t。有尾就占下两格，g, p, q, y要记着。无头无尾写中格，多练几遍不会错。剩下j, f不一般，三个格子全都占。仔细辨来认真练，养成书写好习惯。单词首字母大写用法歌口诀单词字母要大写，下面规则是小结。句子开头首字母，文章标题虚词除（外）。

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的真题汇编含答案

一、选择题 1．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class. A．never B．sometimes C．usually 2．Harry________ eats vegetables, although it’s good for his health. A．hardly ever B．usually C．always 3．My mother ________ at five o’clock. A．usually gets B．usually gets up C．gets up usually D．get usually up 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．Who jumped ________, Tom or Jack? A．the farthest B．furthest C．farther D．the farther 6．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 7．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 8．Being _______, the novel based upon real-life events sells ________. A．very worth being read; good B．well worth reading; good C．well worth reading; well D．very worth reading; well 9．Helen was so excited at the news that she could ________ say a word. A．ever B．almost C．hardly 10．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 11．The meeting room isn’t _______ for all the students to sit _______. A．enough big, / B．big enough, / C．large enough, in D．enough large, by 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．The old man lives ___________ ， but he doesn't feel ________ . A．lonely； alone B．alone； lonely C．alone； alone D．lonely； lonely 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments. —Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher. A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well as 15．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it.. A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析

一、选择题 1．We were in Qingdao last spring and _______ great fun there. A．is having B．are having C．had D．have 2．Will you go fishing if it ________ tomorrow? A．didn’t rain B．doesn’t rain C．won’t rain 3．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 4．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 5．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 8．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 9．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 10．— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean 11．He _______ to school by bike, but now he _____ to school on foot. A．used to going, gets used to going B．used to go, gets used to go C．used to go, gets used to going 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．Look at Amy. She ________ for the school bus.

初中英语语法速记经典口诀

初中英语语法速记经典口诀 ★1、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 ★2、名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处：【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾），则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④巧记不规则名词单变复男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。 man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice 记住f(e)结尾的名词复数妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf 变f(fe)为v加es ★3、名词所有格用法【速记口诀】名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，打飘加S。词尾有S，只须打一飘；并列名词后，各自与共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】①Mike’s ②the teachers’ office③Jim’s and Li Lei’s ④Jim and Li Lei’s ⑤the windows of the house ⑥ a friend of Lucy’s ★4、后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词两个想要问问，祝愿决定希望。want, would like, ask, wish, decide, hope. 同意意思设法，承诺盼望假装。agree, , mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend ★5、后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词完成实践值得忙，（finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 考虑建议不禁想，(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) 继续习惯别放弃，(keep on, be used to, give up) 喜欢思念要介意。(enjoy, miss, mind) 补充几个常用的look forward to.盼望pay attention to 注意. stick to 坚持 ★6、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词

(完整)初中英语语法一般现在时专题

##教育6T教材系列一般现在时专题时间：年月日老师电话：一、兴趣导入猜一猜人的一生有三天，是哪三天？答案：昨天、今天、明天二、学前测试选择题。 ( ) 1 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( )2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 3. -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 4 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. Leaves C. leaf D. leave ( )5. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours ( )6. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A.an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an ( )7. My sister is a student of ________. A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )8. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 三、知识讲解【No. 1】一般现在时的定义及构成 1.定义：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析(1)

一、选择题 1．My mother when I got home yesterday. A．will cook B．cooks C．has cooked D．was cooking 2．Becky took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A．play B．are playing C．were playing D．have played 3．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 4．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 5．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomo rrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 6．I________ cleaning my room.It’s clean now. A．have finished B．finished C．finish D．will finish 7．Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A．watches; reading B．watching; reads C．looks; reading D．watches; looking 8．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 9．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 10．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 11．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A．was waiting B．waits C．waited D．is waiting 14．— How is your new coat? — Well, I __________ it on and it fits me well.

初中英语语法：过去进行时讲解及习题

初中英语语法：过去进行时讲解及习题过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E．g． They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning． My mother was cooking when I got home．I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday． 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e．g． Jenny was reading while Danny was writing．其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were ＋v－ing．其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E．g． We were working in class． We weren’t working in class．Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night，at that time， at noon yesterday， last Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E．g． The students all worked hard． Everyone knew what he was working for．做题时常见错误如下：一、易把be＋现在分词记成be＋过去分词例：He was talked （talk） to his mum at that time．答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1 I watching （watch） TV when he came in． 2 They were play （play） games at 5：00 p．m． yesterday．答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be＋现在分词，缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing 例：We were flying kites at 5：00 p．m． yesterday．（对划线部分提问） What were you at 5：00 p．m． yesterday? 答案：What were you doing at 5：00 p．m． yesterday? 解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking （cook）when I got home．答案：was cooking

初中英语语法状语从句讲解及练习附答案

初中英语语法专题讲座——状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before，as long as（长达……之久）条件 If, unless,as/so long as(只要) 原因 As, because, since，as/so long as(既然,因为) 地点 Where 目的 So that(为了), in order that 结果 So that（方便）, so…that,such…that 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较than, (not)as…as, 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 They all continued their regard for me as long as they lived. 他们毕生都在关心着我. 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句： Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，（为了）你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句： He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句： Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。

初中英语语法讲座(一)

最新【初中英语语法专项练习】连词专项练习讲课教案

初中英语语法20首顺口溜

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的难题汇编及答案解析

初中英语语法视频讲座

初中英语语法专题讲座03冠词

初中英语语法口诀大汇总

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的真题汇编含答案

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析

初中英语语法速记经典口诀

(完整)初中英语语法一般现在时专题

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的全集汇编含解析(1)

初中英语语法：过去进行时讲解及习题

初中英语语法状语从句讲解及练习附答案