最新高三英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)

最新高三英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”

The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”

The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.

（1）What can we learn from the passage?

A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.

B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.

C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.

D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.

（2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3?

A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.

B. The plastic particles.

C. Seafood.

D. Fatty tissues.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.

B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.

C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,

D. People should stop using plastic products immediately.

（4）Which may be the title of the passage?

A. Plastic pollution in the World.

B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.

C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.

D. Plastic pollution and our health.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. 可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. "There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets（磁铁）. 可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用. 海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样. it指代的是塑料颗粒。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据But Andersen says there is more that people can do. "Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials. "She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival. 可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

No poem should ever be discussed or "analyzed", until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling 'interpretation' of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.

I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "analyzing" it, if there isn't time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is "a criticism of life", "a heightening of life, enjoyment with

others". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it "can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.

I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

（1）The passage indicates that analyzing a poem is .

A. not essential at all

B. a preparation for appreciating it

C. an approach to understanding it

D. optional in class sometimes

（2）The recitation of a poem by the teacher or a student in the classroom .

A. is the best way to understand it

B. easily arouses some discussion among the students

C. helps the teacher to analyze it

D. can not take the place of the poet reading it

（3）Which of the following statements may the author agree with?

A. The most important teaching goal is to have students read and recite every poem they learn.

B. Poetry is the foundation of all languages and literature courses.

C. The teaching of poetry should have been much more stressed.

D. Every English teacher is supposed to convey their love of poetry to their students.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了诗歌教学的重要性。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I have com e to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than 'analyzing' it, if there isn't time for both”可知,如果课堂上没有时间同时朗读和分析诗歌的话,把时间花在朗读上比花在分析上要值得多,因此“分析诗歌”是可选择的的。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the reading of the poem is, finally, the mo st telling 'interpretation' of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once”告诉我们,朗读归根到底是对诗的最全面诠释；再根据“But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it”又告诉我们,即使是那些教学辅助手段也不能取代学生和老师朗读,更不能取代理解诗歌的最有效方法——背诵。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It(指poetry) also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies”告诉我们在语言和文学教学中,诗歌本应该获得比目前更加重要的位置,即诗歌教学本该得到更多的重视。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

The University of Sheffield

Back to its origin

The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire,

England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students.

More information

System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.

City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with 150 of his loyal friends. And Charlotte Bronte, the English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre was born in Sheffield.

（1）Sheffield is in the of England.

A. east

B. west

C. south

D. north

（2）Which statement about the University of Sheffield is not TRUE?

A. It has a good fame for many great graduates.

B. It has a long history of more than 180 years.

C. It is one member of “red brick” universities.

D. It owns different departments and research programs.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. Sheffield has very beautiful scenery.

B. Charlotte Bronte is an English writer.

C. Sheffield is the biggest city of England.

D. Robin Hood is a character in Jane Eyre.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谢菲尔德大学的发展历史和学院设置，同时也介绍了谢菲尔德这座城市。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England”可知，该城市位于英格兰的北部。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield ,which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter in1905”可知，1905年这所大学才正式批准，故其历史不到180年。故B项错误，选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe

because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there ...within the city.”其中关键信息“ the gr eenest city in Europe”;“the greenest city in England”可以推断出是Sheffield有优美的风景。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then “snail-mailed”. Flash forward to today's world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.

ZEEMEE

One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer a ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.

THE COALITION LOCKER

Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group's stated goals are getting students engaged in college prep early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.

Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital “locker”, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.

VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS

At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have popped up, such as a video-based platform from Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira's video assessment tool to conduct real-time interviews with prospective students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking into the camera on their laptop or phone. In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of applicants.

UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS

Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submit ting a “Maker Portfolio” —a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. While a new app would fit the bill, the project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.（1）Which of the apps give students more guidance from their high school?

A. ZEEMEE.

B. THE COALITION LOCKER.

C. VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS.

D. UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS.

（2）What does the underlined word “it” in the fourth part of the passage refer to?

A. The video interview.

B. The description.

C. The application.

D. The student's ability.

（3）What is the common feature required by colleges and universities according to the passage?

A. Creativity.

B. Braveness.

C. Willingness to share.

D. Technical ability.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照

片、视频和手机盛行的同时，一些新工具让大学申请者更容易使用技术来展示他们的个

性、技能和创造力。

(1)考查推理判断。根据THE COALITION LOCKER部分中的“Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital ‘locker’, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.”可知，THE COALITION LOCKER. 能让学生从高中获得更多的指导。故选B。

(2)考查代词指代。根据VIDEO —CHAT INTERVIEWS部分中的“At some schools, an interview

with an admission officer is an important part of the application process.”在一些学校，对招生

人员的面试是申请过程的重要组成部分；以及“In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the ‘motivation, commitment and drive’ of applicants.“除了展示他们的能力，为了流利地说英语和快速反应，

它还能帮助招生人员决定申请者的“动机、承诺和动力”。由此可知it指的是“the application”，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.”可知，

根据文章的内容，创造力是学院和大学的共同特征。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考

根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse

than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we're all going to die

one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.

In 1996, I found an advert for the International Poetry Competition. I was 16 years old and ready for my poetry to be released on the world. Not only was it a competition with a cash prize,

but it was poetry, which I wrote, and international. This was my ticket to becoming world-famous.

I submitted a poem called Trail of Thought. If you ever wrote bad poetry as a teenager, you'll have written something like it. In the poem, I went for a walk and noticed small poignant(辛酸的)

things in nature, and each one reminded me that we were all going to die one day.

I filled out the form, printed off the poem and sent it off, fingers crossed. I waited to hear back I carried on writing, I probably finished another collection. Then I got a letter from the International Society of Poets. I opened the envelope carefully, just in case a prize-winning cheque fell out I hadn't won. But, they liked my poem enough to include it in their anthology(诗选), Awaken to a Dream. I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness. I was going to be a published poet.

All I had to do in order to be published was accept the terms and pay ￡ 45（plus ￡ 5 p & p）for an anthology. If I didn't buy a copy of the anthology, my poem wouldn't be included. I had to convince my mum, who thought my writing a meaningless pastime, to part with ￡ 50. She even asked the question: “Why do you have to pay to be in this book?” Nevertheless, she wrote a cheque for ￡ 50 and I returned it with my letter of agreement.

I was 16 and about to be a published poet. This was what it had all been about. This is what it had all been leading to. The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anything. It was almost as if, now I was published, it mattered more what I committed to page and I didn't want to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.

The book arrived through the post. Here it was. The first thing I had ever been published in a book called Awaken to a Dream, featuring a blistering take on the mundanity(世俗) of mortality by yours truly. I opened the package to find a book, containing my work. The first thing that struck me about the book was that it was bigger than A4. And it was thick. And on each page was a poem, next to another poem, next to another. The type was small and the paper thin enough to trace with. With three or four poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money.

If each poem had cost the author ￡ 45, they were sitting on a fortune. I felt ashamed. Everyone who had submitted something to the International Poetry Competition had fallen for the same hustle（忙碌）as me. I couldn't bring myself to show my mum. And she never asked to see it. Perhaps she thought if the price of me learning a lesson was ￡50 we didn't really have, then so be it.

But that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them. Or at least that's how, more than 20 years later, I justify falling for a scam. Because your first time being published should be special, and if I don't convince myself that there was a reason for my first poem being in a vanity(无价值) book, then what good was it in the first place? And, strangely, someone is selling this book on Amazon at the moment. I wonder how many other writers who went on to do more stuff are in there.

（1）What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?

A. The author was sure he was going to die like everyone else.

B. The author was optimistic about the publication of his poetry.

C. The author was worried the tragedies in the poetry would happen to him.

D. The author was considering writing positive poems instead of terrible ones.

（2）When the author received the letter from the organizing committee, he felt ________.

A. upset

B. calm

C. excited

D. surprised

（3）While waiting for the anthology, the author ________.

A. reflected on what he had written about

B. set a higher criterion for his future works

C. felt too miserable to write anything more

D. wondered what future was in store for him （4）The author realized the anthology was a trick from the fact that ________.

A. the poems were of poor quality

B. the organizers just made a quick profit

C. he was charged higher than others

D. the content was carelessly edited

（5）The passage is mainly about ________.

A. why the author fell for the trick of a poetry competition

B. what it took for a poetry enthusiast to be a published writer

C. how a terrible teenage poem taught the author a lifelong lesson

D. whether poetry enthusiasts could guard against tricks targeted at them

（6）How did the author feel about the scam at the end of the story?

A. He laughs best who laughs last.

B. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

D. Follow your own course, and let people talk.【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及带给作者的经验教训。

(1)考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的“I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.”可知，作者将自己写的一本诗集命名为“The Eternal Optimist”，可以推知，作者写了很多诗集，他对自己的诗集有一天可以被发表持有乐观态度。故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness.”可知，当作者收到组织委员会的信的时候，他高兴地想尖叫，由此可以推知，他非常兴奋，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anyth ing… I didn't want to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.”可知，等待诗选的日子对作者来说是一种折磨。作者遇到了障碍：他什么也写不出来，除非它足够好足以达到进入像诗选“Awaken to a Dream”这样的水平。由此可以推知，作者对自己的作品提出了更高的标准。故选B。

(4)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“With three or f our poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money”可知，当作者看到这本诗选有700多页，每页上有三四首诗的时候，他意识到这是一个骗局，一个赚钱的非法的骗局。故选B。

(5)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及这次经历带给作者的经验教训。故选C。

(6)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Bu t that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them.”可知，作者意识到受骗之后，他决定要一直写下去，并且要确保自己宝贵的诗句会找到值得它们存在的地方。由此可知，这次骗局激起了作者更加努力的决心。故选A fall into the pit, a gai n in your wit.“吃一堑，长一智”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called "silent cafés", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.

The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.

One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I'm going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”

The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.

（1）What is special about the "silent cafes"?

A. It provides various tea and books.

B. It has attracted many popular young people.

C. It offers service by writing not by speaking.

D. People are not allowed to communicate.（2）Which of the following statement can't account for the idea of being alone in Japan?

A. Unstable economic situation

B. A change in traditional family support pattern

C. The rising demand for privacy

D. The increasing social isolation

（3）What do we know about Higashikokubaru?

A. She doesn't like to be a nurse.

B. She doesn't like the life in big cities.

C. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.

D. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A. Lonely Japanese

B. One woman wedding

C. Social recluses in Japan

D. Silent cafes 【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本如今兴起的“无声咖啡馆"的相关信息，特殊服务方式以及原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called ‘silent cafés’, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.”可知在这家餐厅里顾客和服务员的交流是通过手写实现的。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation.”可知在日本出现这一现象是因为经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。故ABD三项都是原因。只有C项文章没有提及。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time.”可知Chihiro Higashikokubaru旅行90分钟来到东京享受solo time，说明她很喜欢solo time，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据文章主题段第一段可知在日本出现了“silent cafes”并介绍了在日本出现的新的社会现象，人们越来越喜欢独处。同时分析了出现这一现象的原因主要是经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。D项与主题段相关，能够很快切入主旨，可做文章的标题。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the

country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

（1）What is the purpose of persuasion?

A. To advise somebody to support you.

B. To help someone have special skills.

C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.

D. To talk someone into being honest.

（2）What is a speaker's way of convincing the audience to trust him?

A. Pathos.

B. Ethos.

C. Logos.

D. Education.

（3）What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?

A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.

B. Both save people from terrible wars.

C. Both make the audience support them.

D. Both persuade people to donate money.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Convince the Audience

B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion

C. Believe Me

D. Strength of Persuasion

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的说服方法：精神气质，悲情和理性。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知说服的目的是劝告一些人赞成你，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.”可知说话者可以通过介绍自己的经验以及自己在这个领域所受的教育，也就是Ethos，来让听众相信他，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions.”可知一位政治家和一个动物慈善团体的共同之处就是让听众支持他们，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题句“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.”可知这篇文章主要介绍了劝

说的三个基本方法，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).

The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.

The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.

Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus (属)name is At eles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs. Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.

（1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.

A. insects

B. fruits

C. flowers

D. leaves

（2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?

A. They have five legs

B. They live in small groups

C. Their tails can take their weight

D. Their genus is the same as spiders'

（3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Permitted

B. Forbidden

C. Encouraged

D. Ignored

（4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?

A. In a large community

B. In trees with high branches

C. On their mothers' backs

D. On their mothers' stomachs

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不够时，也可以以花朵，种子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈

的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的" The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about20to100 male and female monkeys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories."蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.

He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.

In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham

continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.

（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument

B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest

D. function as a brief introduction

（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.

（3）What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.

B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.

D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination

B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams

D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

10．阅读理解

International Volunteering in New Zealand

If you're visiting New Zealand and would like to volunteer, DOC (Department of Concentration) welcomes you to get involved.

Before you come to New Zealand

You do not need a work visa to volunteer with DOC. You ran volunteer on entry to New Zealand as long as you do not receive payment or benefits.

You may need a police certificate

Depending on the volunteer work you do with us, you may be required to provide a police certificate to DOC. Your police certificate would need to be written and certified in English. It's easier for you if you get a police certificate before you leave your country.

How to get a new police certificate if you're already in New Zealand. (Click here)

International students

Volunteering with DOS is an option to gain experience. However, DOC does not offer opportunities to students who study at:

universities outside New Zealand, or other education providers outside New Zealand.

Insurance

For all volunteers with DOC, we strongly advise you gel comprehensive (综合的) travel insurance and unlimited medical cover. DOC does not accept responsibility for any:

personal medical or accident events.

loss or damage to personal items of equipment, or other associated costs while you're volunteering with DOC.

（1）What may you offer to DOC if you want to volunteer as a foreigner in New Zealand?

A.A work visa.

B.A police certificate

C.A university diploma.

D.A driver license.

（2）Who cannot volunteer with DOC in New Zealand?

A.An American official who is travelling in New Zealand.

B.A Chinese businessman with some volunteering experiences.

C.A Chinese exchange student in the University of Auckland in New Zealand.

D.An English college student who has just been visiting his uncle in New Zealand for a few days.（3）Where is this passage probably from?

A.A story book.

B.A newspaper.

C.A website.

D.A travel guide book.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是新西兰的DOC部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公告。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Depending on the volunteer work you d o with us, you may be required to provide a police certificate to DOC.”可知，根据志愿者所从事的工作，志愿者可能需要向DOC提供警察开具的证明。即如果你想在新西兰以外国人的身份从事志愿者活动，你可以向DOC提供警察开具的证明。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据International students 部分中的“However, DOC does not offer opportunities to students who study at universities outside New Zealand, or other education providers outside New Zealand.”DOC不会为在新西兰以外的大学及其他教育机构学习的学生提供做志愿者的机会。可知，一位来到新西兰叔叔家做客几天的英国大学生不能在新西兰参与DOC的志愿者活动。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If you're visiting New Zealand and would like to volunteer, DOC (Department of Concentration) welcomes you to get involved.”可知，这是新西兰的DOC部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公告；在根据You may need a police certificate部分中的“How to get a new police certificate if you're already in New Zealand. (Click here)”可知，如果你已经在新西兰，请点击这里了解如何获得新的警察证明。由此可知，这则公告发布在了一个网站上。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一则公告，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

高考英语阅读理解三篇

(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.

英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold 【答案】 1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。 2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。

高三模拟考试英语试题答案及解析

高三模拟考试英语试题答案及解析 2013.03 第一部分听力 1—5 CBACA 6—10 ABCBB 11—15 AACBA 16—20 BCCAC 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节语法和词汇知识 21. A 在过去三十年中，农业发生了显著的进步。两者均无特指的含义。第一空：不定冠词a， 第二空：零冠词。 22. B 为了应对物价（上涨）问题，“我父亲”想退休后（beyond超过退休年龄）继续工作。 23. D when是关系副词，引导非限定性定语从句。明天是公休日，孩子应该（趁此机会） 接近自然。 24. C 短语辨析题。预算较低的《泰囧》是不完美的，但总的来说（all in all）还是可看的。 其余各项逻辑意义均不符合。 25. C 我们很少在周五开会，除非有重要事情讨论。unless引导条件状语从句。 26. B 时态考查题。他没来的原因是“正在准备考试”。 27. D 考查非谓语动词。making作状语，相当于which makes….。 28. A 名词辨析题。concern意为“关注的事情”。 29. C 时态考查题。didn’t think意为“本来没有料到”。 30. B 考查形容词辨义。大家都对工程师辞职的原因感到“好奇”。 31. B 表语从句，由句意可得，“我对假期的作用最看重的就是怎样来放松自己”。 32. A 动词短语辨析。come across意为“（偶然）遇到，碰到”。 33. D 代词考查题。rules为复数，故用those代替。

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