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2012-2013学年高三研试题

2012-2013学年高三研试题
2012-2013学年高三研试题

2012--2013学年上学期模块质量调研

高二地理

一、单项选择题(30×1.5=45分,请将正确选项涂到答题纸相应位置)

右图为“某地区经纬网局部图”,图中虚线为昏线。读图完成1~2

题。

1.甲地位于丁地的方位是()

A.西北方向

B.西南方向

C.东南方向

D.东北方向

2.若某直升飞机从丙地以1110km/h的速度飞往丁地,其最近的航线方

向及飞行时间分别是()

A.向正西方向1小时

B.向正东方向2小时

C.先西南,后西北不足1小时

D.先东南、后东北不足2小时

下图为某地区等高线(单位:米)示意图。读图回答3~5题。

3.下列有关图中等高线表示的基本地形的叙述中,正确的是()

A.AB线表示山谷

B.CD线表示山脊

C.F处可能为火山口

D.F处为山峰

4.E处陡崖的相对高度可能是

A.80米

B.180米

C.200米

D.210米

5.下列说法不正确的是()

A.③处比②处坡度更陡一些

B.河段①(丙、丁之间)的流向大致是从

南向北

C.若要在河流①修建大坝,则乙处比甲处

位置好

D.若该地区位于中国东南部地区,则②地区最适宜发展的产业是甜菜种植业

人口分布与自然条件、社会经济条件等有着密切关系。据此回答6~7题。

6.亚马孙河流域是世界人口分布稀疏地区,其主要影响因素是()

A.地形复杂

B.气候湿热

C.资源匮乏

D.地处内陆

7.巴西高原东部是南美洲人口相对密集地区,其主要影响因素是()

①气候凉爽②印第安人的祖居地③地势平坦④水力资源丰富

A.①②

B.②④

C.①②③

D.①③

下图是一组世界区域地图,根据所学知识回答8~10题。

8.图中甲、乙两地发展种植业生产的主要制约因素分别是()

A.土壤、水源

B.光热、降水

C.风向、地势

D.地形、河流

9.乙地由于不合理灌溉而引发的主要环境问题是()

A.水土流失

B.沙尘暴

C.土壤盐碱化

D.洪涝灾害

10.从甲国最大港口(鹿特丹)至上海港,沿最短海上航线所经过的海峡依次是下图中的()

A.①②③④

B.①②④③

C.②①③④

D.②①④③

2011年1月7日下午,中国石油东南亚管道有限公

司与青岛港(集团)有限公司在北京与右图城市①所在国

家签署了原油码头运营战略框架协议。该原油管道设计能

力为2 200万吨/年,天然气管道输气能力为120亿立方米

/年。读图回答11~13题。

11.该工程的修建有利于我国从以下哪些国家进口能源

()

①伊拉克②利比亚③委内瑞拉④澳大利亚⑤

智利

A.①②

B.②③

C.④⑤

D.①⑤

12.下列对城市①所在国家概况的描述正确的是()

A.地势南高北低,地形以高原为主

B.山河南北纵列分布,河流大多自北向南注入印度洋

C.热带雨林气候分布范围广,全年高温多雨

D.隔德雷克海峡与南极洲相望,战略位置重要

13.城市①所在国家自然条件优越,资源丰富,但1987年12月却被联合国列为世界上最不发达国家之一。为发展经济,该国应该()

A.大规模砍伐森林,扩大农作物的种植面积,保障粮食供应

B.制定人口迁移计划,把北部内陆的人口大量迁移到南部沿海

C.充分利用该国的资源和廉价劳动力优势,积极吸引国外相关企业移入

读图,回答14~15题。

14.有关①②两区域的人文地理特征,下列叙述正确的是()

A.人口稠密,自然增长率都较高

B.两区域南部均以电子工业为主

C.②区域北部为重要的粮棉产区

D.①区域城市群形成的最重要物质基础是区域内有丰富的煤炭和铁矿石资源

15.②图所示湖泊自20世纪六七十年代以来明显萎缩。下列关于湖泊萎缩产生的负面影响的描述,不正确的是()

A.湖泊水面减小,导致当地气温日趋升高

B.湖泊数量减小、面积减小,容易引发旱灾

C.湖泊水面减小,使得湖泊对气候的调节功能减弱,温差加大

D.湖泊萎缩,汛期蓄洪能力下降,加剧了当地的洪涝灾害

读我国甲、乙两区域图,回答16~17题。

16.关于甲、乙两区域河流特征的描述,不正确的是()

A.甲区域以冰雪融水补给为主,乙区域以雨水补给为主

B.甲区域以内流河为主,乙区域以外流河为主

C.甲区域以春汛为主,乙区域以夏汛为主

D.甲区域水系呈向心状,乙区域水系呈放射状

17.甲、乙两区域分别盛产棉花和天然橡胶,其共同的区位优势是()

①夏季热量充足②劳动力价格较低③农业科技发达④农业机械化程度高

A.①③

B.①②

C.②③

D.③④

2011年6月27日,位于渤海湾中部的蓬莱,19-3海上油气田,在距山东龙口海岸约38海里处,发生溢油事故。据此回答18~19题。

18.对于本次严重的石油泄漏污染事件,利用RS和GPS技术可以监测()

①海底漏油点的石油日泄漏量②石油污染的海区范围③污染海区海洋生物种类的变化④石油污染物扩散的速度

A.①②

B.①③

C.②④

D.③④

19.为了制订相关油污治理措施,我们可以利用的技术手段主要是()

A.RS

B.GPS

C.GIS

D.北斗卫星导航

读某区域图,回答20~22题。

20.楼兰古城在两千多年前曾是林草茂密的绿色王国和丝路重镇。楼兰古城消失的原因可能是()

A.位于丝绸之路上,战争频繁

B.位于大陆内部,降水稀少

C.过度樵采和灌溉用水增加,土地荒漠化加剧

D.受风力侵蚀作用的影响

21.N湖为塔里木盆地的内陆湖,M地为湖边的小绿洲,N湖的主要补给水源及M地盐碱化最严重的季节分别是()

A.地下水夏季

B.冰雪融水春季

C.冰雪融水夏季

D.地下水秋季

22.塔里木盆地北部的农村几乎家家户户种植番茄,这里是世界上适宜种植番茄的区域之一。下列有关该地区农业与农产品的叙述,正确的是()

A.农业生产分布在河谷地区

B.农作物用水少,单产高

C.土壤贫瘠是制约其农业发展的因素

D.瓜果、蔬菜的含糖量特别高

下图为我国南方某河流流域示意图。读图回答23~26题。

23.下列对该河流的水文特征描述错误的是()

A.河流年径流量较大

B.河流的汛期较长,主要集中于夏季

C.冬季有结冰期,含沙量较小

D.河水以雨水补给为主

24.图中河流流域中上游重点发展了有色金属冶炼工业,其主要的区位优势是()

①有色金属原料丰富②廉价水电③经济发达,基础好

④科技发达⑤廉价水运

A.①②⑤

B.①③④

C.②③⑤

D.③④⑤

25.近年来,该河流三角洲地区水资源短缺问题日渐突出,该问题的出现与下列现象基本无关的是()

A.人口增加,工农业生产规模扩大,需水量大增

B.水资源利用率较低,浪费严重

C.水体污染严重,许多水体水质下降

D.气候变得干旱,降水减少

26.该流域内植树造林,其最主要的生态功能是()

A.防风固沙,保护农田

B.调节气候

C.涵养水源、保持水土

D.消除污染,美化环境

珠江三角洲地区要推进城市规划一体化,努力构建世界级城市群,据此并结合三种工业化、城市化模式图,完成27~28题。

27.与图中①②③对应的工业区是()

A.美国硅谷、辽中南工业区、英国中部

B.班加罗尔、浙江温州、珠江三角洲

C.日本九州岛、意大利的中部、德国鲁尔区

D.长江三角洲、闽南三角洲、珠江三角洲

28.珠江三角洲工业成本上升的主要原因是()

①政策和区位优势完全丧失②交通发展缓慢,不能满足运输需要③工人的工资水平提高④能源短缺,能源价格上涨⑤产业升级投入大

A.①②③

B.②③④

C.①③④

D.③④⑤

目前生态城市是现代城市建设的新潮流,它以环境为中心,注重可持续发展,强调资源的高效低耗和生态优先等原则,这有利于解决因不合理城市化造成的生态环境问题,建设“健康”城市。据此回答29~30题。

29.目前城市生态环境恶化的根本原因是()

A.与城市地域结构模式不合理有关

B.城市人口、工业的膨胀产生大量废物,超过了环境的自净能力

C.与城市所在地形、气候、河流等自然因素不合适有关

D.城市环境是人类改造自然变化最大的地方,自净能力最强

30.珠江三角洲地区工业化和城市化过程中产生的问题,属于生态破坏方面的是()

A.大气污染日益加剧,该地区已成为全国酸雨中心之一

B.水污染严重,“水质性”缺水问题突出

C.噪声扰民,城市环境质量下降

D.耕地锐减,土壤肥力下降

二、综合题(共45分,请将答案按题目序号答道答题纸相应位置处)

31.读东南亚局部地区图,完成下列要求。(15分)

(1)根据图中信息概括苏门答腊岛聚落的分布特点并简述主要原因。(4分)

(2)根据图中信息,说明印尼发展水稻种植业的有利条件。(2分)

(3)若修建连接甲乙两城的铁路,在施工上有哪些有利和不利的自然条件?(3分)

(4)我国某集团公司,预在苏门答腊岛投资建设大型新闻纸生产厂,试分析该项目对当地产生的积极影响及可能带来的全球环境问题。(6分)

32.读“世界局部地区图(图a)和瓦伦西亚、华沙两城市气候统计图(图b)”,回答下列问题。(12分)

(1)图b所示甲图和乙图中,表示华沙的是________图。分析瓦伦西亚气候特征的形成原因。(3分)

(2)描述图a中A海峡两岸气候类型的特征;B海峡的重要地理意义有哪些?(3分)

(3)图a中河流①是一条重要的国际河流,它是西欧航道网的主干,试分析该河流发展航运的有利条件。(3分)

(4)图a西部地区最著名的农业地域类型是__________,结合所学知识说明形成该农业地域类型的有利条件。(3分)

33.下图所示国家农业约占该国GDP的23%(2005年),农业人口占总就业人口的63.3%。近年来,第二、三产业比重快速上升,2005年分别约占GDP的35%和42%,水电出口及相关建筑业是该国经济支柱之一。读图回答下列问题。(8分)

(1)简述该国地形的主要特点。(2分)

(2)“水电出口及相关建筑业是该国经济支柱之一“,分析该国发展水电工业的主要条件。(2分)

(3)该国2000年前森林覆盖率曾达72.5%,但目前明显降低,试分析森林覆盖率降低的原因及可能引发的问题。(4分)

34.下图为我国某区域等高线地形图及该地区土地利用类型构成示意图。读图,分析回答问题。(10分)

(1)该地区拟在图示M、N两地中选建取水口为沿海城市供水,哪个地点合适?简述其理由。(3分)

(2)简述该地区土地资源利用构成对环境的潜在影响。(4分)

(3)该地区拟将湖泊北部山坡分成三类,分别实行封山育林、栽植经济林和适度规模的农业种植。试对该土地利用方案进行合理划分并加以简要说明。(3分)

高二地理答案

1~5 CCCBD 6~10 BDBCD 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 CBCCC 21~25 CDCAD 26~30 CCDBD

31.(1)特点:西部沿海分布(1分),(中)东部沿河流分布(1分)。

主要原因:地势平坦,水源充足,交通便利。(每点1分,答出两点即可得2分)

(2)(地处赤道附近)高温多雨的热带雨林气候;(苏岛河流众多)水源充足;沿海地区地形平坦;人口稠密,劳动力丰富,对水稻的需求量大(或市场广阔)(每点0.5分,答出其中四点即可得2分)

(3)有利条件:地势平坦(1分)。不利条件:沿途多沼泽(1分),并需要跨越多条河流(1分)。

(4)积极影响:调整产业结构,加快工业化进程;促进城市化发展;提供更多就业岗位,缓解就业压力。(每点1分,共3分)

环境问题:加速热带雨林的减少,导致全球气候失调;生态环境恶化;自然灾害频发;生物多样性锐减等。(每点1分,答出3点即可得3分)

32.(1)乙(1分)受西风(1分)和北大西洋暖流(1分)影响,终年温和湿润

(2)气候特征:冬季温和多雨,夏季炎热干燥。(1分)

地理意义:沟通黑海和地中海(1分);亚洲和欧洲分界线(1分)

(3)自然条件:莱茵河水量大(或水位高),水位变化小,终年不冻,流速较慢(或水流平稳),航运里程长,与许多河流之间有运河连接,形成了庞大的内河航道网。(每点0.5分,答出四点即可得2分)

社会经济条件:莱茵河流经国家多,人口密集;流经地区经济发达,运输需求量大。(每点0.5分,共1分)

(4)乳畜业;温和湿润的气候有利于多汁牧草的生长;人口密集,城市化水平高,人们喜食乳畜产品,市场广阔。(每点1分,共3分)

33.答案:(1)山地地形为主;地势北高南低;地势陡峻,落差大。(每点1分,两点即可)(2)降水丰富,河流水量大,河流众多,地势落差大,水能资源丰富;经济水平低;技术落后;复杂的地质条件;地表崎岖,交通不便,加大了水能资源开发的难度。(每点0.5分,共2分)

(3)森林覆盖率降低的主要原因是人口增长,粮食不足,出现过度开垦现象(1分)。可能引起生物多样性减少;水土流失加重;滑坡、泥石流现象多发。(每点1分,共3分)34.(1)M地(1分)。地处山间盆地,集水面积大,水源充足(1分);上游湖泊对径流有调节作用,供水稳定(1分)。

(3)该地区以低山、丘陵为主(1分),夏季降水集中(1分);过度开垦易加剧水土流失(1分),导致湖泊淤塞、河流下游洪涝多发(1分)。

(4)200米以下地势平缓,可以发展种植业(1分);200米~400米的地区坡度较缓可种植经济林(1分);400米以上的地区,坡度较陡,应该封山育林(1分)。

高考完形填空真题

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