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七年级英语this is my sister

七年级英语This is my sister.

教学目标与要求

一、串记口诀

二、学习目标

本单元的语法项目主要有几个人称代词的用法，I，he，she，they；名词的复数，同时注意this，that，it的复数表达形式these，those，they以及动词are，学会确认人物及介绍别人的常用英语口语。

三、能力目标

1．围绕本单元重点“确认人物”，运用会面、介绍、问候等交际用语进行交际的能力；特别是表演(如表情手势的把握、角色的体验、位置的选择、节奏的控制等)的能力。

2．运用本单元提供的听力和阅读材料培养听力、阅读的技巧和能力。

3．不断促进笔头能力的发展，除了听写、抄写或造句(翻译)外，还可以利用课堂的小制作，在小制作成品上写出相应的短语，甚至可以写出具有幽默感的句子；自己出版英语画刊，利用画刊写出正确得体的短语等丰富多彩的笔头活动。

教学重点与难点

一、单词导航台

1．aunt/a:nt/

n. 姨，姑，婶，伯母，舅母

【引申】aunt和ant(蚂蚁)只有一个字母的差别，uncle叔伯舅。

2.brother

n.兄，弟：The Smith brothers 史密斯兄弟们。

【引申】brotherhood兄弟之情；brother-in-law夫或妻的兄弟、姐或妹的丈夫。

3.cousin

n.堂(表)兄弟姐妹

【引申】nephew侄子、外甥，niece侄女；cousin-in-law堂姐(妹)夫，堂(表)嫂，堂(表)弟媳。

4.friend

n.友人，朋友：We are good friends.我们是好朋友。

【考点】make friends with与……交朋友：I don’t want to make friends with him.我不想和他交朋友。

【引申】同义词：ally,comrade,mate;反义词：enemy,foe,opponent.

5.grandfather

n.祖父，外祖父

【引申】grandmother祖母，外祖母。

6.he

pron.他(用作主语)

【考点】所有格；his;宾格；him;反身代词；himself;复数they。

7.parent

n.父亲或母亲：He lost both his parents at the age of five.他五岁的时候就失去了双亲。

【记忆法】parent(父母)与peasant (农民)在词形上的差别。

【考点】become a parent初为人父(母)。

【引申】parent→parental adj.父母的。

8.she

pron她(用作主语)

【考点】she也用于指代船舶、飞机、火车、汽车、国家、都市、月亮地球等可拟人化为女性之物。

9.sister

n.姐，妹：an elder sister姐姐；a younger sister妹妹。

【引申】sister cities姐妹城市。

10.these

pron.这些(this的复数形式)

adj.这些：These books are mine.这些书是我的。

【考点】these与those相对，均用来特指一些人或物，these用来指时间和空间上距说话者较近的，而those是指较远的。

11.they

pron. 他们/她们/它们

12．uncle

n. ①(常大写)伯父，叔父，舅父，姑丈，姨丈：He’s my uncle. 他是我姑丈。②(常大写)伯伯，叔叔(指小孩父母的朋友或邻居)。

【引申】say uncle(美，非正式)认输，投降；Uncle Sam山姆大叔(拟人化，为美国，美国政府，美国人等的绰号，源自the United States的缩写的第一个字母U与S，在漫画中常以戴星条图案高帽子，穿条纹裤礼服，留胡子的高个子男人的形象出现)。Uncle Tom(含轻蔑之意)奉承白人的黑人，源自Uncle Tom’s Cabin中男主人公的名字。

二、句子破译站

1．Thanks for the great photo of your family. 谢谢你的很棒的全家福。

(1)此句中Thanks是感谢用语。Thanks是名词，常用复数形式，加“s”是加强感谢的语气，不能省略。后通常加介词for表示感谢的原因。如：

Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

(2)句中of用来表示名词(通常是无生命的事物)的所有格，而有生命的事物，其所有格用’s形式。如：the legs of the table桌腿Tom’s cap汤姆的帽子

(3)photo是“照片”的意思，它的复数是photos。picture也可以用来表示“照片”。of后面的名词表示照片上是什么或是谁。如：

That is a photo of me. 这是我的照片。

It’s a photo of Mary. 这是玛丽的照片。

如果of后面用的是名词性物主代词，就表示一种所属关系，则照片上可能不一定是某人的像，而强调这张照片是这个人所有照片中的一张。如：

This is a photo of Jim’s=This is one of Jim’s photos. 这是一张吉姆的照片。

(照片上的人可能是吉姆，也可能不是吉姆。)

2．These are my grandparents and this is my mother. 这是我的祖父母，这是我的妈妈。

This is…是当场介绍人的用语。These are…是This is…的复数形式。与此相应，That is…与Those are…也可作介绍语。只不过this指离说话人较近的人或物，意思是“这个”，that指离说话人较远的人或物，意思是“那个”。如：

This is my mum and that is my dad. 这是我的妈妈，那是我的爸爸。

This is a pen and that is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。

This is 没有缩写形式，that is 可缩写成that’s。

3．Is this your sister? 这是你的姐姐吗？

Is Guo Peng your brother? 郭鹏是你的弟弟吗？

这两句是一个含有动词be的一般疑问句。陈述句中将be的形式am，is，are，提至句首表示疑问，句号改为问号，其他语序不变。

4. This is my friend Jin Fang. 这是我的朋友金芳。

句中my friend和Jin Fang是同位关系，Jin Fang是my friend的同位语，我的朋友my friend和金芳Jin Fang是同一个人。因此该句也可以说This is Jin Fang, my friend. 这是金芳，我的朋友。如：

①This is my sister, Lucy. 这是我的妹妹露茜。

②That is Jane, my girl friend. 那是珍妮，我的女朋友。

三、工具箱

1. these和those

this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或

下面要提到的人或事；those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。如：

①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。

③Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？

在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they来代替these或those，以避免重复。如：

④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？

Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。

2. pencil case 铅笔盒

名词pencil在此处做定语修饰名词case。名词做定语时，一般用单数形式。但man 和woman做定语时，应与被修饰名词在数上保持一致。如：

an apple tree—two apple trees

a shoe shop—three shoe shops

a man teacher—some men teachers

a woman doctor—four women doctors

3. 家庭成员

grandmother和grandfather可以合称为grandparents；mother和father可以合称为parents；son 和daughter可以合称为chileren或相对于grandparents来说，可合称为grandchileren。

4. family, home和house

⑴family “家”，“家庭”，“家人”，着重指家庭，家庭成员或家中人口。

⑵home “家”；指同家人共同生活居住的地方，特别强调家里的氛围和环境，不一定含有建筑的意思。

⑶house “住宅”，“房子”；指居住的房屋，建筑物。试比较：

①This is my family tree. 这是我的家谱。

②My family are here. 我们全家人都来了。

③My home is in Beijing. 我家在北京。

④She isn’t at home. 她不在家。

⑤I have a new house. 我有了新房子。

⑷home 是一个带感情色彩的词。如：

hometown 故乡old home 老家

四、重难点密室

1. 名词的数

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又分为单数和复数。表示一个人或事物的名词用单数；表示两个以上人或事物的名词用复数。英语名词复数形式通常是在单数名词后面加–s或-es构成。如：

⑴一般名词后面加-s

pencil—pencils egg—eggs

⑵以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后面加–es

box—boxes class—classes

⑶以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变成i，再加–es。

story—stories city—cities

⑷以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，后面直接加–s。

day—days boy—boys

在单数名词后面加-s或-es时，注意发音。发音规则表如下：

名词的复数还有一些不规则的变化，如：

Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese

man—men woman—women child—children

2．英语的一般疑问句形式不同于汉语。

如：你是老师吗？你喜欢老师吗？汉语在句末加语气词“吗”表示疑问，而英语这样说：Are you a teacher？Do you like English？

一般肯定句里如果是be动词(am，is，are)，把be提前表示疑问；若肯定句里是行为动词，变一般疑问句就要请助动词do，does等帮忙，放在句首，构成一般疑问句，句末用问号，读升调，回答需用Yes或No。

特殊疑问句其结构是在一般疑问句前加一个疑问句，句末用问号，读降调，回答是原问原答，注意不能用Yes或No来回答。

—Where’s the teacher? —She’s at school.

—What’s your name? —My name is Wang Lang.

3．代词he，she，it(他，她，它)

代词he，she，it都属第三人称单数形式的人称代词。它们的复数形式是they，译为“他们、她们或它们。”在实际应用中，he，she，it及they常用来代替前面所提到的名词。在句子中作主语。he用来代替单数男性，如：a boy，Mr. Wang，Jim等。she用来代替单数女性，如：a girl，Mrs. Wang，Miss Gao，Kate等。it用来代替动物或无生命的事物，如：a cat(猫)，a bird(鸟)，a bike，an orange等。

①Jim is a boy. He is English. 吉姆是个男孩。他是英国人。

②Who is that girl? She is Kate. 那个女孩是谁？她是凯特。

③Look! That’s a car. It’s an English car. 瞧!那是辆汽车。是一辆英国汽车。

在实际应用中，he和she虽然是人称代词，但可以有拟人化的用法，用来代替动物，he习惯上代替勇敢的动物，she代替可爱的小动物。it有时也可以代替不确定的人或婴儿。

④My dog is my good friend. Look! He is nice. 我的狗是我的好朋友。瞧!他多漂亮。

⑤This is a bird. She is Polly. 这是一只小鸟。她叫波利。

⑥Who’s it? It’s me. 谁呀？是我。

⑦Oh, it’s a baby. 噢，是个小婴儿。

口语交际

口语项目：Identifying people and introduction(确认人物及介绍)

一、常见表达方式

1．Come and meet my family.

2．Is that your family?

3．Who is that man?

4．This is my grandfather and this is my father.

5．That is my aunt, my father’s sister.

6．Who is that? Can you guess?

二、文化背景及注意事项

1．要想用英语询问及介绍全家，学会下列称谓词很重要：

祖父母：grandparents; grandfather/grandpa; grandmother/grandma

父母：parents; father/dad; mother/mum

叔叔：uncle 婶婶：aunt

兄弟：older brother(哥哥)；younger brother(弟弟)

姐妹：older sister(姐姐)；younger sister(妹妹)

2．英语中，某些称谓词一词多义，如aunt可以指“姑姑”，还可以指“姨”、“舅妈”等。

3．英语中，不同的场合称谓词使用也不尽相同，如称呼“爷爷”，在较为正式的场合，常用grandfather，在家里或一些非正式场合则常用grandpa。

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