动词的语态

动词的语态

l.概念与构成：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词“be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be 表现出来。如下表所述：

2. 一些特殊的被动结构：

1) 短语动词的被动结构：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待，即

要把它们看作单字及物动词。例如：

The baby is looked after carefully.

2)有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思:

①具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义

在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等。例如：

The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。

Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。

This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。

②动名词主动形式表示被动意义

通常是物作want, need, require 等动词的主语时（也可以是人）表示事物

（或人）客观上需要……，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意

义。例如：

The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫。

这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表同样意义。例如：The classroom wants to be cleaned.

二、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）

1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气

主语从句（常用形式主语it 来代替，结构为It is that…）中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词和过去分词，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative，important，in sistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital等。

过去分词有：

desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。例如：

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.

It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.

2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。

常这样用的名词有：

resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, rec ommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request, idea 等。例如：

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令

热情款待这些客人。

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。

常这样用的动词有：ask (要求), advise, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct等。例如：

He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他要求推迟那个会议。

They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。

2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（sh ould）+ 动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：

We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。

3）wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。

其主要形式有三种：

例如：

I wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要发生什么事。

She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔当时不在家。

I wish I were rich. 我巴不得我很有钱。

注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：

wish + 主语+ would（could）+ have + 过去分词

I wish I could have seen her last night. 要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。

4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式

1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。

在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：

例如：

If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 假如没有引力，我

们就不可能行走。

I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 假如别人

不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。

2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面倒装处理。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。例如：

Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to meet him tomorrow), I sho uld ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。

Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I w ould have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。3）时间错综条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，就采纳他的建议了。

（从句指现在，主句指过去）

If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still b etter. 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）5. 含蓄虚拟条件句

1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, o r, but 等。例如：

Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have s ucceeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no mod ern industry. 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.

他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would be 形式和should/would have been 虚拟形式。例如：Any men in his position would have done like that. 任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。

You should (ought to) have come earlier. 你本应早点来的。

6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气

1）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和wo uld prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也要用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：

①“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语+ 谓语动词过去式” 表示现在

或将来的情况。

②“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语+ 动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：

I’d rather he didn’t go now. 要是他现在不走就好了。

I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在这里就好了。2）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…” 后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should) + 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：

It is time that the boy (should) go to school. 这个小孩该上学了。

It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。

3）在“if only” 引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。

形式为：①用过去式或“w ould/could + 动词原形” 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。

②过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：

If only you would listen to our advice. 要是你听我们的建议就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week! 要是上周我不忙该多好啊！

注：if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。

4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that” 可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语+ should + 动词原形”。lest, fo r fear that 后接从句中的should 可以省去，in case 连接从句中的should 通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, f or fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。例如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/might) disturb you. 我不会

做声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 在使用这一方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。

非谓语动词（Non-Finite Verb）

在英语中，不是用于句子谓语而是用于担任其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词，也称作动词的非限定形式。

非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式（the Infinitive），分词（the Participle）和动名词（the Gerund）。

不定式

I.构成与形式

不定式由不定式符号“to”＋动词原形构成（有时不带to）。前面可以加某些疑问代词，如what、who、which，或疑问副词，如when、where、how、why 等，构成特殊的不定式短语，如what to do next, how to get there等。

不定式的形式有：

II.用法

不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，而且还保留着动词的特征，因而可以有状语修饰，如果是及物动词，还可

以带宾语，从而构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。

1.作主语

To make a plan for our future is important.

How to get enough capital is still a question.

It is difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts.

2.作表语

The important thing is to save lives.

What he wanted to do was wash his hands of it.

3.作宾语

I like to go for a walk in the warm sunshine.

We must remember to follow the safety rule.

常用不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, want, like, ask, wish, hate, hope, decid e, fail, intend, manage, promise, forget, plan, need, mean, pretend, choose, rem ember, care, continue, require 等。

4.作定语

She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.

He was always the first to come and the last to leave.

There are some things to be grateful for.

5.作状语

She decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

6.作主语补足语

It is reported to be true.

The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.

7.作宾语补足语

Please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.

They didn’t allow her to park the car in this street.

有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类：一类是感官动词，如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等；另一类是使役动词，如make, let, have等。如：

Did you notice him leave the house?

They made the boy go to bed early.

III.时态与语态

1.完成式

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

To have known her is an honor.

2.进行式

They seem to be getting along quite well.

He pretended to be listening attentively.

3.完成进行式

It has been raining continually for a week.

John is said to have been studying for a whole morning.

4.被动式

I wish to be excused.

He was very pleased to have been given such an opportunity.

分词

I.构成与形式

分词有两种形式，即现在分词（present participle）和过去分词（past partici ple）。除不规则动词外，现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成；过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。二者的区别主要是：现在分词表示主动意义，正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动意义，已经完成了的动作。如：

burning forest 燃烧着的森林（主动，即森林自己在燃烧）

burned skin 烧伤了的皮肤（被动，即皮肤被火烧伤）

developing countries 发展中国家（这些国家正在发展）

developed countries 发达国家（这些国家已经得到了发展）

现在分词的形式有：

过去分词因为本身就表示被动与完成的意义，所以只有一种形式done。

II.用法

分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。

1.作定语

Tell the boy playing there not to make so much noise.

We can only see the part of the moon lighted by the sunlight.

2.作表语

The story of his life sounds interesting.

He appeared satisfied with our performance.

3.作状语

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Given better attention, the trees could grow better.

4.作主语补足语

The machine will be kept running for two days.

Our views have to be made known to them all.

5.作宾语补足语

I heard someone knocking at the door.

You should keep her informed of what is going on here.

比较：see, feel, hear, watch, notice等动词后既可以接不带to的不定式也可以接现在分词作宾语补足语，但二者在意义上是不同的。现在分词表示动作在进行，即非全过程；不定式表示动作的完成，即全过程。如：

She saw the man getting on the truck. (正在往车上爬)

She saw the man get on the truck and drive off. (已经爬上了车) III.现在分词的时态与语态

1.完成式

Having done his homework, the boy began to watch TV.

Not having met him, I can’t tell you what he is like.

2.被动式

The house being built is a big project.

Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.

3.完成被动式

Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up?

Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that supermarket.

动名词

I.构成与形式

动名词形式与现在分词相同，即由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。

动名词的形式有：

II.用法

动名词，顾名思义，既有动词也有名词的某些特征。可带有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1.作主语

Smoking is not good for your health.

It is a waste of time discussing such matters.

2.作宾语

For many years, he has never stopped reading English.

On hearing that Tom had passed his examination, I rang him up.

常用动名词作宾语的动词及短语动词有：stop, mind, enjoy, finish, avoid, d eny, miss, escape, consider, admit, risk, complete, can’t help, give up, leave of f, put off, keep on等

3.作表语

What he likes is playing chess after supper.

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customer.

4.作定语

He may be in the reading room, for all I know.

The turning speed of the new machine is much higher than that of the old one.

比较：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语有所不同：动名词和它所修饰的名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，它多表示被修饰的名词的功能、用途；而现在分词作定语，它与所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，前者是后者发出的动作。如：

III.时态与语态

1.完成式

He regretted having shot the bird.

I apologize for not having kept my promise.

2.被动式

She didn’t mind being left alone at home.

He insisted on being treated as an ordinary employee.

3.完成被动式

After having been interviewed, he was offered the job.

He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.

定语从句

定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, t hat）或关系副词（as, when, where, why）等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的成分。如：

The car which was stolen has been found.（which 指代先行词car，在从句中作主语）The house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose 是所有格，在从句中作定语)

I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. (when指代先行词day，在从句中作时间状语)

一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。如：

He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句）My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）

注：1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用w

hich或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语）

2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which 或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：

As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.

The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.

3. 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：

The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)

She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before.(whom不能省去)

二、通常只用关系代词that，不用which，who或whom的几种情况

1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如：

All that you want are here.

2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如：There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.

3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。如：

We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.

5. 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：

Who is the person that is standing over there?

6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that，但经常可以省略。如：

I know the difference (that) there is between you.

7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。如：

He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了。

三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句

as 引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与the same，such，so等连用，形式为：t he same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。

如：

She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事，作宾语)

I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物，作主语)

注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。如：

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）

This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）

四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：

1．定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如：

This is the college in which I am studying.

He is the man about whom we are talking.

2．先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如：

The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。

3．当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如：

I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.

I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.

注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。

有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如：

China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thaila nd and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。

动词被动语态经典例题经典

动词被动语态经典例题经典 一、动词被动语态 1．—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It yesterday. I forgot to do it. A. didn't clean B. isn't cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn't cleaned 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——哦，你的房间是太脏了，Mike！——对不起，妈妈。昨天房间没有打扫，我忘记了。it代指room，是动作clean的承受者，所以用被动语态，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语是it，所以用was，clean的过去分词是cleaned，根据 I forgot to do it.可知没有打扫房间，所以用wasn't，故选D。 【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态，注意平时识记，理解句意。 2．To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _________ into the river. A. needn't be thrown B. can't thrown C. mustn't be thrown D. may not thrown 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】为了使我们的城市更美丽，禁止往河里扔垃圾。根据语境，本句的主语是动作的承受者，应用被动语态。另外，表示禁止、不允许应用mustn’t。故选C。 3． ________of the relaxing time for Chinese people every day ________in watching TV. A. Two thirds; are spent B. Two thirds; is spent C. Two third; are spent D. Two third; is spent 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意为：中国人每天有2/3的休闲时间花在看电视上。英语中分数的表达为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，序数词应加s。由于本句主语是“time（时间）”，是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，故选B。 【点评】考查序数词及被动语态。 4．Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A. educate B. be educating C. have educated D. be educated 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该从小时候就开始教育年轻人照顾自己。结合语境可知本句主语是动作对象，故用被动语态。选D。 5．A lot of trees around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.

【英语】 动词被动语态考点解析(Word版附答案)

【英语】动词被动语态考点解析（Word版附答案） 一、动词被动语态 1． many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：在告诉他多次之后，最后他终于明白了。understood，明白。过去式，告诉是在他明白之前，因此用过去完成时，他和告诉之间是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态，having been done，故选D。 【点评】考查分词及完成时的被动语态。 2．— Mom, where is my model plane? — Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：-妈妈，我的飞机模型在哪里？-哦，昨天借给了詹妮。因为句子的主语是it，代指的是my model plane，my model plane与lend之间是被动关系。句子的时间状语是yesterday，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 3．It's not your turn yet.Please wait on the chair over there until you _______. A. are calling B. have called C. are called 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：现在还没有轮到你．请等在那边的椅子上，直到有人叫你。结合语境可知，主语you是动作call的承受者，因此这里用一般现在时态的被动语态，结构式is/are/am+动词的过去分词．主语是you，用be动词are．call的过去分词是called．答案是C 【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。 4．—Do you know when and where the 24 Winter Olympic Games___________? —In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：—你知道24届冬奥会什么时候在哪里举行吗？—2022年在北京和张家口。根据in 2022.可知是一般将来时态。冬奥会被举办，the 24 Winter Olympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，will be+过去分词，故选B。

高考英语语法填空——动词的时态和语态专题

高考英语——动词的时态和语态（专项练习题） 单句语法填空 1．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ (divide) us. 2．Silk ________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 3．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest. 4．More efforts，as reported，________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform. 5．Dashan，who ________ (learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition. 6．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ (see) for years. 7．Two years ago，while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics，a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. 8．Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 9.I ________(read)half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward)success in the end. 11．—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ (wait)here for more than two hours. 12．Secret codes keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information ________ (send)by computer. 13．People in this area are in fact French citizens because it________(be) a colony of the French Republic since 1946.

动词的语态

动词的语态 一.概念: 英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态的变化。 被动语态的用法 当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同关系；主动关系或被动关系。在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语态。在表示被动关系时（即主语为动作的承受者时），谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态。在被动结构的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示，时态通过be表现出来。结构：助动词be+过去分词 1）一般现在时。例如： You’re wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。 2）一般过去时。例如： The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 3）一般将来时。例如： You’ll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。 4）现在进行时和过去进行时。例如： a. The building is being built. 这幢楼正在修自行车。 b. The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。 5）现在完成时和过去完成时。例如： a. This book has been translated into English. 这本书已被译成英语。 b. The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。 使用被动语态的情况 1）需要突出或强调承受者时。例如： His work was stopped for a time during the First World War. 他的工作在第一次世界大战期间中断。 The road has been repaired. 道路已经修好了。 2）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。例如： Negroes were first brought to America as slaves. 黑人最初作为奴隶被带到美国。 When was the PLA founed? 中国人民解放军何时成立？ 3）对事物作客观说明时 It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve this problem. 据报道，科学家们正在寻求新的方法来解决这个难题。 4）出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如： It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here. 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。 使用被动语态应注意下面几点。 1）短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。例如： These books must be taken good care of. 这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到了良好的护理。

(完整版)初中英语语法—动词的语态讲解

初中英语语法——动词的语态讲解 动词的语态 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如： Many people speak English . (主动语态) English is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 1、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下： 肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of? 现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：

3、被动语态的用法： 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world. 2）强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。 3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。 步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken 步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。 步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。 5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态： A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。 1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now. 2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.

2018届中考英语专题复习专题十二动词的语态考点综合集训含解析

专题十二动词的语态 Ⅰ.根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.As soon as he was_______ (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news. 2.The decision to set up a No Homework Day every week is _______ (welcome) by all the students. 3.We are sure that PM 2.5 will be _______ (control) if we work together to solve the pollution problem. 4.Though drivers are _______ (ask) not to drink wine before driving, some of them still break the law. 5.Look at my scarf. It’s so smooth. I bought it during my trip to France, but it was _______ (make) in China. 6.A football match between Class Two and Class Three will be _______ (hold)tomorrow afternoon. 7.The geography teacher said that nearly three quarters of the earth is _______ (cover) with water. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d1381273.html,st year many of his short stories were _______ (translate)into some foreign languages. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d1381273.html,ually, books for children are _______ (write) in simple languages. 10.I’m glad to find that many trees w ere _______ (plant) in our city last year. Ⅱ.语法与情景对话 1.—How beautiful these pictures are! —Really?They _______ during my stay in Europe last year. A. are taken B. were taken C. will be taken D. have been taken 2.［2017龙东地区改编］The number of the old people is increasing in China. With the development of China, they _______ better care of in the future. A. will take B. are taken C. will be taken D. take 3.［2017宜昌］—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety _______ into use last month. —Can you tell me what they are? A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put 4.［2017河南］—Why are you leaving your job? —I can’t stand it any longer. I _______ always _______ to work overtime. A. am; asking B. am; asked C. was; asking D. was; asked 5.［2017重庆A卷］This picture _______ by my cousin last year. A. draws B. drew C. is drawn D. was drawn 6.［2017襄阳］The 24th Winter Olympic Games _______ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th. A. is going to hold B. hold C. will be held D. was held 7.［2017西宁］—I want to teach in the poor countryside of Qinghai when I graduate from the college.

重点归纳：动词的时态和语态

支付宝首页搜索“933314”领红包，每天都能领。付款前记得用红包 动词的时态 1. 动词的时态主要有： 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般过去将来时、一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时等。 2. 一般将来时的表达方式： (1)一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day, soon, in a month, in the future, next Sunday等连用。有时句中无时间状语，时间关系由上下文暗示； (2)will do还表示临时的决定； (3)在if, unless, before, after, until等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主句用一般将来时； (4) “be going to+动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态； (5) “be+V-ing形式”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于以下动词，如：come, go, leave, arrive, return, fly, meet, see, do, have, get等；

(6) “be about to+动词原形”表示打算或安排即将发生的动作。它一般不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用； (7) “be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作； (8) 一般现在时表示按时刻表或根据规定将要发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位移的动词，如：come, go, leave, start, begin, take off, set off等。 动词的语态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态： is/am/are+V-ed。例如：English is widely spoken all over the world. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were+V-ed。例如：The underground was built five years ago. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态： ①will/shall be+V-ed。例如： The decision will be made at the meeting tomorrow. We shall be punished if we break the rule. ②be going to be+V-ed。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.

英语动词时态语态知识点详解

英语动词时态语态知识点详解 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 例句： He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/ the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more…the more…(越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 例句： We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.

动词被动语态讲解

模块八动词的被动语态 (1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态； 如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。 主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。 在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 (2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动 词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可 (1) 被动语态的用法： ①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省 略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故) This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的) ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻) A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里

将要修建一条铁路) ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的) A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主 人宰杀的) (2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： + 受者) + (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点： ①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary. →He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典 →他得到老师一本字典) 也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出 原句的间接宾语。 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary. →A dictionary was given to．． him by his teacher.(老师给他一本 字典→一本字典由老师送给了他) /His father made him a kite. →A kite was made for ．．．him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他) ②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to. 如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. →The poor man was made to．． work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)

(完整word版)高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解

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一般过去时kept was kept 过去进行时was keeping was being kept 现在完成时have kept have been kept 过去完成时had kept had been kept 一般将来时will keep will be kept 虚拟语气would keep would be kept 虚拟语气的过去时would have kept would have been kept 不定式to keep to be kept 完成不定式to have kept to have been kept 动名词keeping being kept 完成式分词having kept having been kept

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