2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—理学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—理学

Passage 6

If you wanted to question whether global warming is indeed upon us, last week was not the time to do it. Two weeks before the official beginning of summer, a heat wave baked the eastern third of the U.S. and Canada, driving temperatures high into the 90s and even 100s. At the same time, a flurry of scientific papers was released that seemed to explain all the late-spring suffering. In one study, French researchers reported that heat-trapping greenhouse gases are at their highest levels in 420,000 years. In another, U.S. scientists found that 57 species of butterfly may be altering their migratory patterns in response to changing heat patterns.

In light of all this, a sweltering public must have been convinced at last that it's time to do something to cool off the overheated planet, right? Wrong. Even as the temperature was climbing, a new survey by the American Geophysical Union found that Americans are less concerned than ever about combatting global warming. "The more we talk about warming," says the study's director, John Immerwahr, "the [more the] public's concern goes down."

Such an environmental disconnect may not be much of a mystery. Environmentalists complain that over the past two years industry groups have launched a coordinated advertising campaign to torpedo the 1997 Kyoto treaty, which requires industrial nations to reduce greenhouse emissions. More than $13 million has been spent on ads to block ratification of the treaty by the U.S. Senate. "The purpose of the ads was to convince most Americans that there isn't a problem or that it's too expensive to fix," says National Environmental Trust spokesman Peter Kelly.

Environmentalists also criticize President Clinton for what they believe is his failure to press the issue. Only last week, Clinton moved for Kyoto treaty changes that environmental groups see as industry-pleasing loopholes. Says Daniel Weiss, the Sierra Club's political director: "Timid leaders communicate hopelessness." And hopelessness breeds indifference. If such popular so-whating persists, Immerwahr warns, the public may begin grasping at phony solutions to global warming. At the end of last week, some people took comfort from the report of a vast haze of pollutants that collects over the Indian Ocean in the winter, but that researchers only recently studied. Filthy as the cloud is, it does deflect solar radiation, and that could lead to cooling. But scientists warn that we cannot simply pollute our way out of global warming. The soot drops from the hazy atmosphere in weeks, whereas greenhouse gases remain for centuries.

The way out of this gridlock, environmentalists say, is to show it's possible to reduce greenhouse gases without sinking the economy. Solutions include cleaner cars and better wind- and solar-power technologies. Says Greg Wetstone, program director for the Natural Resources Defense Council: "When these kinds of options become available, people will feel less hopeless." Of course, it's also possible that only when people feel less hopeless will they press their leaders to make the solutions available.

注(1)：本文选自Time;06/21/99, p62, 3/4p, 2c。

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象1998年text2和1997年text3第4题

1. According to the author, global warming is ___________.

[A] causing a lot of trouble

[B] not as serious as it seems

[C] felt only in America and Canada

[D] what accounts for the high level of greenhouse gases

2. Speaking of global warming, American public is ______________.

[A] concerned

[B] indifferent

[C] worried

[D] frightened

3. The public’s reaction to global warming is mainly a result of _____________.

[A] their disbelief of the existence of such problem

[B] the advertising campaign of industrial groups

[C] the high cost of fixing the problem

[D] American Senate’s disapproval of Kyoto treaty

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A] Environmentalists urge President Clinton administration to press the issue.

[B] Kyoto treaty aims at curbing the global warming problem.

[C] American government is partly responsible for the public’s attitude toward global warming.

[D] Industrial groups do not care about global warming.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.

[A] environmentalists support the idea of solving global warming through pollution

[B] the poor leadership of American President has produced a very bad influence

[C] American economy will suffer if global warming is curbed

[D] people have no confidence in solving problem of global warming

答案：A B B A B

篇章剖析：

本篇文章以提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的模式分析了公众对待全球变暖的态度，原因以及解决的办法。第一段介绍了全球变暖的事实，第二段介绍了美国公众对待全球变暖漠不关心的态度，第三段分析了造成这种态度的原因，第四段分析了这种态度可能带来的后果，第五段提出了解决之道。

词汇注释：

migratory: [5mai^rEtEri] adj. 迁移的，迁徙的;移栖的

sweltering: [5sweltEriN] adj. 酷热的, 热得发昏的

disconnect: [7diskE5nekt] n. 断绝关系;没有关系(瓜葛)

torpedo: [tC:5pi:dEu] v. 破坏, 废弃

ratification: [7rAtifi5keiFEn] n. 批准

move: [mu:v] v. 提议

loophole: [5lu:phEJl] n. (为了逃避困难而)含糊其辞

phony: [5fEuni] adj. 假冒的，不真实的;假的

deflect: [di5flekt] v. 偏斜;偏离;使转向

soot: [sut] n. 烟灰;黑烟;烟尘

gridlock: [5^ridlCk] n. 完全停滞;完全缺乏移动或进步而导致拥塞或停滞

option: [5CpFEn] n. 选择;选择自由; 供选择的事物

难句突破

1. In light of all this, a sweltering public must have been convinced at last that it's time to do something to cool off the overheated planet, right?

主体句式：…a …public must have been convinced …that …

结构分析：本句中有一个对过去事实猜测的特殊用法：must have done，另外in light of 这个介词短语也容易被理解错。

句子译文：既然如此，热得难受的公众一定深信现在是采取措施让过热的地球降温的时候了，对吧?错了。

2. More than $13 million has been spent on ads to block ratification of the treaty by the U.S. Senate.

主体句式：More than $13 million has been spent on ads to block …

结构分析：这一句里容易理解出错的就是介词by引导的状语。由于句中包含一个被动语态，所以容易被理解为美国参议院出了这笔广告费，但仔细研究句子关系，会发现这个介词短语实际修饰的是ratification这个包含动作意义的名词，也就是参议院通过该条约。

句子译文：为了阻止该协议获得美国参议院批准而投入的广告费用已经超过1300万美元。

3. Only last week, Clinton moved for Kyoto treaty changes that environmental groups see as industry-pleasing loopholes

主体句式：Clinton moved for …changes that …

结构分析：这一句结构并不复杂，但有两个词容易被误解，一个是move，在这里是“提议”而不是“移动”或者“搬家”的意思，另外一个是loophole，不是“弹孔，枪眼”的意思，而是“(为了逃避困难而)含糊其辞”。

句子译文：就在上周，克林顿提议修改《京都议定书》，环保团体认为这是一个逃避困难，讨好工业界的举动。

题目分析

1. 答案为A，属事实细节题。作者在第一段中列举了全球变暖带来的影响，如美国加拿大遭到热浪袭击，蝴蝶改变迁徙方式等，还提到学者们正忙于解释这一切“late spring suffering”，可见全球变暖带来了诸多问题。

2. 答案为B，属事实细节题。文中第二段提到现在美国人对于和全球变暖作斗争一事表现得less concerned than ever，所以应该选择B。

3. 答案为B，属推理判断题。文章第三段讲了工业集团联合起来进行广告攻势，意图破坏《京都议定书》的签署，并通过广告让人们相信全球变暖的问题不存在或者解决这个问题的成本太高。由此可见公众的反应是广告攻势的结果。

4. 答案是A，属事实细节题。文章第四段开头指出环保主义者批评克林顿总统没有推动解决这一问题，但并没有提到敦促他去解决。

5. 答案为B，属推理判断题。文章第四段批评的克林顿总统的做法，并引用环保者的话说“胆小的领导人不能给人带来希望，从而导致人们的冷漠。”可见总统工作不力带来了极大的负面影响。

参考译文：

如果你想知道全球变暖是否真的已经来临，上周决不是问这个问题的时候。在夏季正式开始前两周，一股热浪席卷了占美国国土三分之一面积的东部地区和加拿大，使气温高达华氏90多度，甚至达到了100多度。与此同时，一批科学论文也纷纷发表出来，似乎都在解

释所有这一切晚春之灾。在一份研究中，法国研究人员报告说使热量难以散发的温室气体现在已经达到了42万年来的最高水平。在另外一份研究中，美国科学家发现57种蝴蝶也许正在改变它们的迁徙路线以回应日益变化的热度模式。

既然如此，热得难受的公众一定深信现在是采取措施让过热的地球降温的时候了，对吧?错了。虽然气温在不断攀升，美国地球物理学会的一份最新调查却显示美国人比以往更加不关心同全球变暖作斗争的事情。“我们对变暖谈论得越多，”这现研究的主持人约翰·伊莫瓦尔说道，“公众就越不关心。”

这种对环境漠不关心的态度并不难理解。环保主义者抱怨说在过去两年工业集团发起了一场协同广告战，目的就是要破坏1997年签署的要求工业化国家减少温室气体排放量的《京都议定书》。为了阻止该协议获得美国参议院批准而投入的广告费用已经超过1300万美元。“这些广告的目的就是让大多数美国人相信根本不存在这个问题或者解决这个问题代价太过昂贵，”全国环境信托发言人彼得·凯利说道。

div>环保主义者还批评克林顿总统没有推动解决这个问题。就在上周，克林顿提议修改《京都议定书》，环保团体认为这是一个逃避困难，讨好工业界的举动。“峰峦俱乐部”(Sierra Club)的政治事务主管丹尼尔·韦斯说道：“领导人胆小怕事，不能对他们寄予希望。”而正是因为没有希望，人们也就变得漠不关心了。如果这种普遍的听之任之的态度继续下去的话，伊莫瓦尔警告说，公众也许就会对全球变暖问题采取病急乱投医的解决办法。上周末有报道说在冬天印度洋上空降会形成大片由污染物形成的烟雾，一些人对此感到颇感安慰，但研究人员知识刚刚开始研究。这片云层虽然污染严重，但它能够改变太阳辐射的方向，由此带来降温。但科学家警告说我们不能依靠污染来解决全球变暖。那片烟雾中的烟尘及周之内就会污染气层降落下来，而温室气体还将存留几个世纪。

环保主义者说，解决这个难题的办法就是向世人表明，人们有可能做到减少温室气体但不影响经济。解决办法包括排污量更小的汽车和更好的风能和太阳能技术。“自然资源保护委员会”项目总监格里格·韦茨通说：“有了这些东西，人们会感到更有希望。”当然，还有一种可能是，只有当人们感到更有希望时，他们才会敦促领导人寻找解决问题的办法。

凯程教育：

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；

凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；

信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；

激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；

敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；

服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班：

在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班

来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

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