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逻辑主语

逻辑主语
逻辑主语

在英语中,同一动词有两种不同形式:限定动词和非限定动词。非限定动词是动词的非谓语形式,即它不像限定动词那样可在句中做谓语,所以就没有语法意义上的主语;但是在句中起作用时不等于没有逻辑上的主语,这就是我们常说的非谓语动词的逻辑主语。非谓语动词一般都由“不定式”、“动名词”和“分词(现在分词和过去分词)”来扮演。请看例句:

1. I need money to buy food. 我需要钱买食品。(非谓语动词由不定式扮演,逻辑主语是I )

2. Their job is making shoes. 他们的工作是制鞋。(非谓语动词由现在分扮演,逻辑主语是they )

3. Giving me a cross look,she left the office. (非谓语动词由现在分扮演,逻辑主语是she )

4. The room,connected to the rest of house by a long passage,was empty. 这个房间经过一条长过道与房屋的其余部分相连,完全空着。(非谓语动词由过去分词扮演,逻辑主语是the room)

你提供的那个例句的逻辑主语是“you”。

什么是逻辑主语?例如you should decide what events to report before you make some interviews

问题补充:

谢谢老师,我还是有些不明白,events作逻辑主语为什么不可to report 改为reported

1.逻辑主语可以是形式上的主语,没有确切含义。例如:

Alough it's melted the snow is still beautful.这句话中的it就是逻辑主语。

2.

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。

注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。

It's necessary for us to help each other.

我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish,

有许多工作要我去完成。

3.

什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢?在句子中,除了原有的主语之外,属于动名词的"主语

",也就称为"逻辑主语",一般位于动名词的前面。

3.1 在动名词前加"物主代词(如:my, his...)"或"名词所有格(如:Mary's,

Dog's...)"

1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming)

2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主

语Tom,动名词escaping)

3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名

词所有格"

1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)

2. He insisted on Mary's staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)

注意:作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时,则用通格(of the):

1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate

friends. (逻辑主语news)

3.3 在下列情况中,不能使用所有格:

3.3.1 代词为all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:

1. I remember all of them saying it .

3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词(如the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时:

1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe

it.

3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语,或受从句或短语修饰时:

1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking

a little louder?

4.

在句子中,除了原有的主语之外,属于分词的"主语

",也就称为"逻辑主语",一般位于分词的前面

⑴分词作定语时,逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词exciting news / rolling stones / boiling water / newly arriving guests disappointed boys / wounded soldier/ the locked door / boiled water / improved conditions⑵分词作状语时,逻辑主语是句子中的主语Knowing English well, he translated the article without much difficulty.Heated, water changes into steam. = If/When water is heated ⑶分词作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语是它前面的宾语We often hear the girl singing in English. We often hear the song sung in English.⑷分词作表语时,逻辑主语是句子中的主语The news was encouraging. We were encouraged at the news.It sounds exciting. We all felt excited.

什么是逻辑主语

非谓语动词与逻辑主语

在高中英语新教材中非谓动词的应用是学生学习的重点,其中非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是学生学习的难点。解决这一难题我们可以从四个方面进行剖析。

一. 非谓语动词和逻辑主语的概念

1. 非谓语动词:不能在句中充当谓语且有区别于动词的表达形式和词性的动词叫非谓语动词,它有不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词四种表达形式。

2. 逻辑主语:是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者;它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系,但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,因此叫逻辑主语。

二. 逻辑主语的判断

1. 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例如:

He likes helping others . (he 是helping 的逻辑主语)

Moved by his words , I told him all the news . (I 是moved 的逻辑主语)

2. 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如:

It”s kind of you to tell m e the news . (you 是to tell 的逻辑主语)

It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time . (you 是to finish 的逻辑主语)

3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如:

The teacher asked me to answer his question . (me 是to answer 的逻辑主语)

I saw him playing at the river side . (him 是playing 的逻辑主语)

三. 逻辑主语对非谓语动词表达形式的影响

1. 它们是主谓关系就用主动形式。例如:

I like to go out for a walk after supper .

He enjoys singing songs .

2. 它们是动宾关系就用被动形式。例如:

The boy dislikes being langhed at .

Tom asked to be sent to the front .

3. 当句子中既有非谓语动词的逻辑主语又有逻辑宾语时,用主动形式。例如:

He has a lot of work to do .

4. 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是动宾关系,但句子中有表语形容词时,用主动形式。例如:The work is easy to do .

The problem is difficult to deal with .

四. 分词和动名词逻辑主语的区别

1. 分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。如果不一致,则要补出它自己的逻辑主语。例如:

It being a fine day , we went out for a picnic .

The homework finished , she began to watch TV.

以上2例中的逻辑主语(It , The homework )不能缺少。

2. 动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时可以补出来(表明动作的执行者),也可以不补出来。试比较:

(1)Would you mind my opening the window ?

(2)Would you mind opening the window ?

3. 动名词的逻辑主语使用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,而分词的逻辑主语一般使用主格形式(作宾语除外)。试比较:

(1)Tom”s being late made the teacher angry .

(2)Tom being late , the teacher got angry .

(1)I being late , the teacher got angry .

(2)My being late made the teacher angry .

注意:(1)当动名词作宾语时,其逻辑主语也可用宾格形式。

试比较:<1>Would you mind my opening the window ?

<2>Would you mind me opening the window ?

(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或不定代词时不能用所有格。例如:Is there any hope of our class (不能说class”s )winning the match ?

I was woken up by someone (不能说someone”s )crying for help .

总之,非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系要在具体的语言环境中加以分析和判断

英语主语部分讲解

Lecture 1 Subject(主语部分) Unit 1 名词短语充当主语 1. Proper,scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. (1998-1-6) 针对大坝的影响和治水的耗资与收益进行合理科学的研究能有助于解决这些冲突。2. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. (2000-5-3) 其结果,对雄心壮志的支持,支持它作为一种健康的冲动,一种受人尊重并扎根于年轻人心中的品德,也许低于美国以往的任何时期。 3. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan ' s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000-4-2) 战后生育高峰年代的到来,以及女性进入男性为主的劳动力市场,已经限制了年轻人的机会。他们已经对攀登日本严格的社会阶梯以获得较好的教育和工作所付出的巨大个人代价提出质疑。 4. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries has reduced oil consumption. (2002-3-4) 能源节约、燃料替代和能耗大的重工业重要性的衰减都减少了石油的消耗量。 5. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. (2007-3-1) 目前,一次解雇、一个不祥的医学诊断或者配偶的去世都能够在几个月里把一个家庭从殷实的中产阶级降低为新的贫困阶层。 Unit 2 动名词短语充当主语 1. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one, he says. (2007-4-3) ” 他说:“为信息的安全、冗余以及恢复确定适当的投资水平是一个管理问题而不是一个技术问题。”

英语中主语构成的相关知识讲解

英语中主语构成的相关知识讲解 下面就来带你一起学习下,希望对大家有帮助。 例如:1名词(或者名词词组)作主语Books are food for mind.书是精神食粮。 The horse runs much faster than the cow.马比牛跑得快很多。 Three girl students are coming this way.三个女学生正往这里走来。 My pencil case in theschool bag was bought in that mall.我书包里的笔袋是在那家商场买的。 练习题(仿照造句):1.钢笔是写字的工具。 2.兔子跑得比乌龟快些。 3.五个男生往那边走去。 2代词作主语He used to be my boss他曾经是我的老板You may use my i-Pad.你可以用我的i-Pad.She is not very fat.她不是很胖。 We can run 3000 meters now.我们现在能跑3千米了。 练习题(仿照造句):4.他曾经是一个士兵。 5.她可以用我的电脑。 6.你很瘦啊。 3数词作主语4is not a bad number.4 不是坏数字。 10,000 was big enough.10,000当时是够大的数。 (was表示过去的时间,理解成当时是)Eight sounds better.8听起来好听些。

练习题(仿照造句):7.七不是坏数字。 8.三太小了。 9.第3个不很重要。 4动名词(词组)作主语Running is not allowed here.不准在这里跑步。 Running slowly is good for health.慢跑有益于健康。 Shouting for half an hourmade my voice hoarse.大叫半小时使我的声音都嘶哑了。 练习题(仿照造句):10.不允许在这里跳。 11.哭使我放松。 12.快跑更好。 作者|丹丹英语公众号:英语语法学习本文为原创文章,版权归作者所有,未经授权不得转载!

高中主语从句讲解及其练习

主语从句 一、主语从句的连词分三类 (1)从属连词引导的主语从句(that whether if) that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That 引导主语从句通常用it 作形式主语。 例如:That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That she survived the accident is a miracle. whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。 注意:引导主语从句,不能用if不能在开头,只能用whether。 Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. (2)用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分. 例如:What you need is more practice. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注:whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。 如:Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句) (=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ) Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句) (=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ) (3)用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。) 例如:Where we should leave it is a problem. When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.

独立主语结构讲解

独立主格结构 一、特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 二、用法: 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 1、时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。 2、条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 3、原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4、作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。 5、补充说明 We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 *注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 三、形式 1、名词/主格代词+现在分词(表示主动和正在进行),如: The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。 2、名词/主格代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成),如: The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。 3、名词/主格代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作,主动关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。)如:

主语从句讲解

主语从句讲解 ? 主语从句 ? 一、主语从句的引导词 ? 主语从句通常由连词that和whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。 ? 1. that引导 ? 2. whether引导 ? 3. 连接代词引导 ? 4. 连接副词引导 ? 5. what引导 ? 1. that引导 ? That he is still alive is a wonder. ? 他还活着,真是奇迹。 ? That we shall be late is certain. ? 我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。 ? That he should have ignored the working class was natural. ? 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。 ? That she is still alive is a consolation. 1 ? 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。 ? That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. ? 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。 ? That you are co ming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. ? 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

? That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. ? 她被挑选上,在她村子里引起很大轰动。 ? Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 ? Whether they would support us was a problem. ? 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 ? 3. 连接代词引导 ? who will give us a talk is unknown at all . ? Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。 ? Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个,哪个就是你的。 ? 4. 连接副词引导 2 ? When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 ? How it was done was a mystery. ? 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 ? How this happened is not clear to anyone. ? 这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。 ? How many people we are to invite is still a question. ? 邀请多少人还是一个问题。 ? Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. ? 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 ? 5. what引导 ? What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

主语从句讲解

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