【人教版】必修四：Unit 5 Period 3 Grammar 讲义(含答案)

Period 3Grammar

1.掌握构词法的知识,使学生学会根据词的结构辨别词类、理解词义。

2.了解英语词汇的特点,逐步掌握英语词汇学习的策略。

1.采取小组抢答的方式,看看哪个小组能够说出最多不同类型的构词。

2.通过游戏活跃课堂气氛,使学生充满兴趣地去进行小组合作和探究讨论,掌握不同的合成词的构成方式。

品句填空

1.They have (success)in sending every one of the satellites into space.

2.The adventurer (冒险者) gave a (friend)smile to all those who came to greet him.

3.You must do the exercise (care).

4.It will be (difficulty) to drive a motor car through such a storm.

5.English is (wide) used in the world.

6.The boy showed great (brave) in fighting the enemy.

7.He was so (kindness) that he gave me many storybooks.

8.The book had been (sale) out when I got to the bookstore.

9.The Frenchmen went to a (chemical) shop to get some medicine for his cough.

10.The book is very .I am in it.(interest)

【答案】1.succeeded 2.friendly 3.carefully 4.difficult

5.widely

6.bravery

7.kind

8.sold

9.chemist10.interesting; interested

1.settle

阅读下列句子,注意settle的意思及用法。

He helped us settle the problem.他帮助我们解决了这个问题。

He and his family settled in New York in 1995.1995年他和家人定居纽约。

The account hasn t been settled.账还没有结算。

通过观察以上句子,我们发现settle作动词,意思是“”。

【答案】解决;定居;结算

settle down 定居下来

settle in 安顿好

settle up 结账

settle on 就……达成协议

settle down to 着手认真做

单项填空

Mr Johnson always carries a notebook, in which he everything that happens.

A.sets down

B.settles down

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7c4219552.html,es down

D.breaks down

【答案与解析】A句意:约翰逊先生总是(随身)带着笔记本,在本子上记下所发生的一切。set down“写下”,符合语境。settle down“定居”;come down“倒塌;败落”;break down“拆散;损坏;失败”。

2.advance

阅读下列句子,注意advance的意思及用法。

Our troops have advanced two miles.我们的部队已经前进了两英里。

The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。Galileo s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。

通过观察以上句子,我们发现advance可作动词,意思是“(1) ”;也可作名词,意思是“(2) ”。

【答案】(1)前进;提前(2)预先;超越

advance on / towards sb / sth 向某人/ 物前进

in advance预先;提前

in advance of在……前面;超过

单项填空

When we got to the cinema, there were no tickets left.We should have booked .

A.in return

B.in advance

C.in silence

D.in public

【答案与解析】B句意:当我们到电影院时,票已经卖完了。我们本应该提前订票的。in advance“预先;提前”,符合句意。

构词法

英语的构词法主要有转化法、派生法和合成法。转化法是把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法。本讲主要讲述派生法和合成法。

一、派生法

在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫派生法。

1.前缀

表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

appear出现→disappear消失

correct正确的→incorrect不正确的

lead带领→mislead误导

stop停下→non-stop不停的;不停地

2.后缀

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

●构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence, -(e)r / -or (从事某事的人), -ese (某地人), -ess (雌性), -ful (状态), -ian (精通……的人), -ist (专业人员), -ment (性质;状态), -ness (性质;状态), -tion(动作;过程)等。

differ不同于→difference区别

write写→writer作家

Japan日本→Japanese日本人

act表演→actress女演员

mouth口→mouthful一口

music音乐→musician音乐家

●构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

wide宽的→widen加宽

beauty美→beautify美化

pure纯的→purify提纯

real真实的→realize意识到

organ器官;机构→organize组织

●构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al, -able (有能力的), -(a)n(某国人的), -en (多用于表示材料的名词后), -ern (方向的), -ese(某国人的), -ful, -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定), -like (像……的), -ly, -ous, -some, -y (表示天气)等。

nature自然→natural自然的

reason道理→reasonable有道理的

America美国→American美国的

China中国→Chinese中国人的

gold金子→golden金子般的

east东→eastern东方的

child孩子→childish孩子气的

snow雪→snowy雪的

●构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度), -ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。

angry生气的→angrily生气地

to到→towards朝……;向……

east东方→eastward向东

二、合成法

即把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个修饰或限定后一个。常见的有下面两种形式:

单项填空

(1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one.

A.better-known

B.well-known

C.best-known

D.most-known

【答案与解析】C句意:谈到他写的所有歌,我认为这首是最有名的。best-known“最有名的”,符合句意。易误选B项,well-known“著名的”,无比较含义。

(2)Many students signed up for the race in the sports meeting to be held next week.

A.800-metre-long

B.800-metres-long

C.800 metre length

D.800 metres length

【答案与解析】A800-metre-long是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,其中的名词只能用单数形式。

(3)We have two in our town and a new chemical is to open soon.

A.ironworks; works

B.ironworks; work

C.ironwork; work

D.ironwork; works

【答案与解析】A works“工厂”,可构成许多复合名词,通常用复数形式但作单数看待,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。

(4)The teacher made me for keeping the class in order while she went out.

A.responsible

B.responsibly

C.respond

D.responsive

【答案与解析】A responsible“负责的”,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。

(5)She looked up and smiled as he came in.

A.pleased

B.pleasant

C.pleasure

D.pleasantly

【答案与解析】D副词pleasantly修饰谓语动词smiled。题中所给四个选项皆由动词please“使满意;使高兴”转化而来,但意思不同。

用所给词的适当形式填空

1.John is an(athlete) boy.He is good at running.

2.A(translate) is someone who changes writing or speech into a different language.

3.If something is(worth), it is important or useful, or you gain something from it.

4.(change) means unlikely to change or changing often.

5.To (like) is to think someone or something is unpleasant and not like them.

6.It is a physical(impossible) to be in two places at once.

7.The mad man looked cross and(friend).

8.Any(understand) can resolve itself into a quarrel.

9.The play was(amuse) written, but its subject was a serious one.

10.He applied for(admit) to the university.

11.His work was criticized for its poverty of(imagine).

12.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a(settle).

13.Here, they have been using the sports(equip) offering from China.

14.I am not shy about talking to men I find(attract).

【答案】1.athletic 2.translator 3.worthwhile

4.Unchangeable

5.dislike

6.impossibility

7.unfriendly

8.misunderstanding

9.amusingly

10.admission11.imagination

12.settlement13.equipment14.attractive

●温馨贴士

本课时的核心部分为构词法,知识要点图解如下: