现在完成时和过去完成时语法精讲

现在完成时

1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。

2. 构成：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.

3. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.

4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 +其它

5. 用法（四种）：

（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）

翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。

I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license.

（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。

例句：He has been there for six months.

翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。

I have studied English for six years.

（3）在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。

例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.

翻译：我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。

I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work.

（4） It has been + 一段时间 +since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。

例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia.

翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。

It has been three days since Mary was ill.

练一练：

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）

A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard

3、—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends．

A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

4、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to

Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

6. 现在完成时的标志

（1）以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志

Already表示“已经”。用在陈述句中，放在have/has之后，有时也放在句末。Already也可用语疑问句中，但通常放在句末, 表示希望得到肯定的回答或者表示诧异。Just表示“刚刚”，通常放在have/has 之后。

e.g. I have already/jus t finished my homework.

Have you finished your homework yet?

翻译：她已经找到了她的自行车。She has already found her bike.

她已经找到了她的自行车了？Has she found her bike yet?

Ever, never, yet常用语否定句或疑问句中。

Ever用语疑问句中，表示“曾经”, 放在have/has之后。

e.g. Have you ever been to Australia?

翻译：你唱过这首英文歌吗？Have you ever sung this English song?

Never用语否定句中，意为“从不”，放在have/has后面。

e.g.I have never been to Beijing.

e.g. I haven’t found my ruler yet. （yet用于否定句，译为“还”）

Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到尺子了吗？（可用于疑问

句，译为“已经”）

(2) 以for + 一段时间、in + 一段时间为标志

e.g. Zhao Lan has already studied in this school for two years .

The famous writer has written one new book in the past two years .

（3）以动作发生的次数为标志

例句：He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去

过美国三次了。

（4）以so far（到目前为止）、before为标志

例句：He has got to Beijing so far.

I have never been to Australia before.

练一练：

1. —______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

2、 The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

3、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

过去完成时的用法

1. 定义：过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

2. 构成：“had + 过去分词”。常与过去完成时连用的标志性时间状语有：by 1999, by

the end of last year, at the age of, before then, until(till) then, by then.

3. 用法：

(1) 过去某一时间或某一动作前已发生的动作或存在的状态

e.g. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tim had had lots of jobs.

I had just finished half of the work by yesterday.

Jane had left before I arrived.

翻译：她来这个机构前已经学过一些英语。She had learned some English before she came to the institute.

(2) 过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与

until， by, before, by the end of, for, since等引导的时间状语连用。

e.g. It was the fastest I’d seen him move since 1964. 那是自1964年以来我所看到过的他走得最快的一次。

It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days.

By then he had learned English for 3 years.

翻译：到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 Until then he had know nothing about it yet.

(3) 表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。hope, wish，want, mean, intend, attempt, think,

except等表示“打算，计划，希望，试图，认为”等动词用过去完成时时，表示“本打算（本计划、本希望、本认为）······”，而事实并未做。

e.g. I had hoped to be back, but I didn’t catch the train.

I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy.

The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him.

翻译：我本想帮你的，但是当时我太忙了。 I had meant to see you, but I was too busy at that moment.

(4) 用于某些特殊的句式中

1）It / That was the first/second ···that···结构中，that 后的从句用过去完成时。

e.g. It was the second time that she had found the tracks of the wild

man.

2）在“no sooner···than···”, “hardly/scarcely···when···”等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时， no sooner或hardly、

scarcely置于句首主要部分倒装：

e.g. I had hardly got home when the rain poured down. 我刚到家，

大雨就倾盘而下。

No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. 小偷一看到警察就跑开了。

（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）