朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(1-11章)【圣才出品】
第2部分美国文化
第1章从大西洋到太平洋
I.Explain the following in English:
1.New England
【答案】(1)New England refers to the north-eastern six states:Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Connecticut,Massachusetts and Rhode Island,an area running from the Canadian shore to New York.
(2)This area resembles old England in many ways.
(3)Some of the earliest settlement in American history was in this area.
(4)In general,this part of the country is small-scale,long-established and urban.
2.The Mid-Atlantic area
【答案】Pennsylvania is the main part of the mid-Atlantic area,which includes New Jersey and Maryland,bounded at the south by the Potomac River.This is the clearest dividing-line in the United States,because across the river is the south.
3.The South
【答案】(1)It refers to the area across the Potomac River and southwards down the Atlantic coast.
(2)This was slave-owning area before the Civil War and mainly produced tobacco and cotton.
(3)Economically these states are notoriously backward,but more recently there has been an industrial development,helped by federal plans and hydro-electric power.
4.Washington,D.C.
【答案】Washington,D.C.,formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington,“the District”,or simply D.C.,is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July16,1790,approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country’s East Coast.As permitted by the U.S.Constitution,the District is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and is therefore not a part of any U.S.state.
5.New York City
【答案】(1)It is the commercial capital of the United States.
(2)It is at the southernmost tip of the New York State.
(3)It is composed of five boroughs:Manhattan,Brooklyn,the Bronx,Richmond and Queen’s,with Manhattan Island as its center.
(4)It is well-known for such places as Wall Street,the Empire State Building, Harlem and Central Park.
6.The Middle West
【答案】(1)It describes the north-eastern part of the central plain,or the north-eastern quarter of the United States except for the states close to the Atlantic.
(2)In terms of political geography,it refers to these states:Illinois,Michigan, Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio and so on.
(3)First developed for farming,these states include huge,sparsely-populated open spaces.
(4)Chicago and Detroit are two of the big industrial cities in this area.
7.The Great Plain states
【答案】The plains run from the Gulf of Mexico in the south up to the Canadian border and beyond-an endless open space comparable with Siberia.Few places in the world can compare with these great plains for uniformity and monotony,and they are only part of a continuous system which goes northwards to the barren lands of the Arctic.
8.The western states
【答案】It consists of11states:Montana,Wyoming,Colorado,New Mexico,Idaho, Utah,Nevada,Arizona in8states plus the3states of Pacific coast:Washington, Oregon,and California.
II.Fill in the blanks:
1.The Republic of the United States consists of_____states with_____states at the time of independence,_____continental states which have been added since independence,_____and_____which were granted statehood in1959.
【答案】fifty,thirteen,thirty-five,Alaska,Hawaii
【解析】美国目前有50个州。美国刚独立时只有13个州。后来又多扩展了35个州。阿拉斯加和夏威夷是在1959年成为美国的州的。
2.The largest state in terms of area is_____and the largest state in terms of population is_____.
【答案】Alaska,California
【解析】美国面积最大的州是阿拉斯加州，人口最多的州是加利福尼亚州。
3.In the United States,there are four time zones from east to west:1_____,2_____,3 _____,4_____.
【答案】Eastern standard time,central standard time,mountain standard time, Pacific Standard Time
【解析】东部时区、中部时区、山地时区、太平洋时区是美国从东到西横跨的时区。
4.New England consists of these six states:_____,_____,_____,_____,_____and_____.【答案】Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Connecticut,Massachusetts and Rhode Island
【解析】新英格兰指的是东北部的六个州：缅因州，新罕布什尔州，佛蒙特州，康涅狄格州，马萨诸塞州和罗得岛，该地区从加拿大海岸延伸至纽约。
5.The Mid-Atlantic States refer to these five states:_____,_____,_____,_____and_____.【答案】New York,Pennsylvania，New Jersey，Delaware，Maryland
【解析】大西洋中部州区包括纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、新泽西州、特拉华州和马里兰州。
6.The dividing line between the north and the south is_____River,with the city
_____on the border between the two parts.
【答案】Potomac，Washington D.C.
【解析】美国南北方的天然界河是波托马克河，美国首都华盛顿就在这条河附近。
7._____mountains run from far south in Georgia northwards to_____and_____.【答案】Appalachian,Vermont and Canada
【解析】阿巴拉契亚山脉从南到北直到佛蒙特州和加拿大。
8.The_____mountains are situated in the east and the_____mountains are in the west.
【答案】Appalachians,Rocky
【解析】阿巴拉契亚山脉在美国东部，落基山脉在美国西部。
9.The Pacific coast comprises these three states,_____,_____,and_____.
【答案】Washington,Oregon,Hawaii
【解析】太平洋海岸的三个州：华盛顿、俄勒冈、夏威夷。
10.The United States continent is divided into the following major parts:_____,_____,
_____,_____,_____and_____.
【答案】New England;the Mid-Atlantic Area;the South;the Middle West;the Great Plains States,the Western and the Pacific coast states
【解析】美国大陆分为六个部分：新英格兰；大西洋中部地区；南部；中西部；大平原州；西太平洋沿岸州。
III.Tick the correct answer in each of the following
1.How many of the states in the Republic of the United States are on the continent of North America?
A.50
B.49
C.48
D.35
【答案】C
【解析】除了阿拉斯加和夏威夷是“海外州”，其余48个州都在美国本土。
2.Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of New England?
A.economically backward
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return(flag); } main() { int n,flag; // flag标志 printf("\nInput n:"); scanf("%d",&n); flag=aa(n); if(flag==1) printf("%d is a prime number.\n",n); else printf("%d is not a prime number.\n",n); } 7.4 写一个函数，使给定的一个3*3的二维整型数组转置，即行列互换。 参考程序如下： #include
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7.1写两个函数，分别求两个整数的最大公约数和最小公倍数，用主函数调用这两个函数，并输出结果。两个整数由键盘输入。 hcf(u,v) int u,v; { int a,b,t,r; if(u>v) { t=u;u=v;v=t; } a=u;b=v; while((r=b%a)!=0) { b=a;a=r; } return(a); } lcd(u,v,h) int u,v,h; { int u,v,h,l; scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v); h=hcf(u,v); printf("H.C.F=%dn",h); l=lcd(u,v,h); printf("L.C.d=%dn",l); return(u*v/h); } #include
void main() { int u,v,h,l; scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v); h=hcf(u,v); printf("H.C.F=%dn",h); l=lcd(u,v,h); printf("L.C.D=%dn",l); } 7.2 求方程根 float x1,x2,disc,p,q; greater_than_zero(a,b) float a,b; { x1=(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a); x2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a); } equal_to_zero(a,b) float a,b; { x1=x2=(-b)/(2*a);} smaller_than_zero(a,b) float a,b; { p=-b/(2*a);
q=sqrt(disc)/(2*a); } main() { float a,b,c; printf("n输入方程的系数a,b,c:n"); scanf("%f,%f,%f",&a,&b,&c); printf("n 方程是：% 5.2f*x*x+%5.2f*x+%5.2f=0n",a,b,c); disc=b*b-4*a*c; printf("方程的解是：n"); if(disc>0) { great_than_zero(a,b); printf("X1=%5.2ftX2=%5.2fnn",x1,x2); } else if(disc==0) { zero(a,b); printf("X1=%5.2ftX2=%5.2fnn",x1,x2); } else { small_than_zero(a,b,c); printf("X1=%5.2f+%5.2fitX2=%5.2f-%2.2fin",p,q,p,q);
英美文化差异
英美文化差异 文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。了解英美文化知识，有助于交际畅通。相反，缺乏了解英美文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。我们从一下几个方面来了解一下英美两过的文化差异： 一、民族性格差异 英国比美国拥有更悠久的历史，因为英国曾经被法国侵占，所以英国文化以及思维方式在很大程度上都受到法国上流社会的影响，并在长期的发展中形成了英国人特有的“绅士”风度。他们说话客气、行为礼貌，做事情喜欢绕圈子，如果想给你提一些批评指正意见也许需要大费周章的绕很多圈子。 美国作为一个年轻的国家，在近代的发展中体现出该国强大的生命力。该国民族文化的形成与殖民主义、独立战争、工业革命紧密地联系在了一起。也因此美国民族风格的形成就具备了资产阶级的特质。美国人性格的一大特点就是时刻把民主与平等挂在嘴边，这是因为美洲大陆在为殖民地期间，人们要想更好的发展下去，就必须建立起平等的合作关系以保证生产的持续进行。这也就解释了美国人为何一直以世界警察自居，去干涉他国的人权问题，这不仅仅是因为美国政府为了自身经济利益考虑，也符合美国的民族性格。 二、语言差异 英式英语和美式英语之间的差别有时是惊人的，在发音、词汇的使用、语法、和表达方式上都不同。在国内时英语学得很不错的人，一旦到了美国，往往感到美式英语的困惑，不得不花大量的时间来适应美式英语。尽管英美两国都是说英语的国家，但是英式英语与美式英语之间还是存在这很大差异的。首先从发音来看，英式英语讲究字正腔圆，发音比较清楚，很少有连读现象。而美式英语中连读频率很高，卷舌音很多，美国人讲话秉承的就是能省则省，能连则连的原则。另外，两国在用词上也有很大差异，有时同一事物用的词语是不同的，有时要表达同一意思用的句子也是不同的。比如两个人见面打招呼，英国人会用‘How are you‘，而美国人就会简单的用’Hi’来代替。在表达方式上的差别也很惊人。当我看到一本英语口语教材中“好久不见了”的英语口语竟然是“Long time no see”时，我非常反感，认为这是地地道道的中国式英语。但是，当我问在美国定居的一个朋友时，他告诉我，有些美国人就是说“Long time no see” 三、生活习俗差异 英国人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履。美国人相对就随意很多，想穿什么就穿什么，不介意别人的评价。两国在饮食上也有很大差异，英国人在饮食上也处处散发着上流社会的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪都精细到了极致，尤其是餐桌礼仪，餐桌上不能发出任何声音，包括说话以及餐具敲击的声音，几乎所有西餐的规则英国人都会遵守。美国人在就餐问题上就随意多了，美国人饮食不讲究精细，只关心方便便捷，一日三餐都很随便，垃圾食品是美国人的最爱。 四、教育差异 英国人的保守与严谨，体现在教育上就是完善的教育体系。英国有一套严格的质量监控体制，各大院校的教学质量评估与科研评估结果向全世界公布，英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高的水平，也是与这个体制分不开的。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上，有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容，被淘汰拿不到学位的也大有人在，英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马，他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力的保证了教育质量。
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
英语国家概况(修订版谢福之)美国部分
对错题 Chapter 8 1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F) 2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T) 3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T) 4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T) 5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F) 6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T) 7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T) 8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T) Chapter 9 1.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T) 2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F) 3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T) 4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F) 5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T) 6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F) 7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T) 8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F) Chapter 10
C语言程序设计第四版第七章答案 谭浩强
第七章函数 7.1写两个函数，分别求两个整数的最大公约数和最小公倍数，用主函数调用这两个函数，并输出结果两个整数由键盘输入。 maxyueshu(m,n) int m,n; { int i=1,t; for(;i<=m&&i<=n;i++) {if(m%i==0&&n%i==0) t=i; } return(t); } minbeishu(m,n) int m,n; {int j; if(m>=n) j=m; else j=n; for(;!(j%m==0&&j%n==0);j++); return j; } main() {int a,b,max,min; printf("enter two number is: "); scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b); max=maxyueshu(a,b); min=minbeishu(a,b); printf("max=%d,min=%d\n",max,min); } 7.2求方程的根，用三个函数分别求当b2-4ac大于0、等于0、和小于0时的根，并输出结果。从主函数输入a、b、c的值。 #include"math.h" float yishigen(m,n,k) float m,n,k; {float x1,x2; x1=(-n+sqrt(k))/(2*m); x2=(-n-sqrt(k))/(2*m); printf("two shigen is x1=%.3f and x2=%.3f\n",x1,x2); } float denggen(m,n) float m,n; {float x; x=-n/(2*m); printf("denggen is x=%.3f\n",x); }
集合典型例题
集合·典型例题 能力素质 例用符号∈或填空1 ? 1________N ， 0________N ， －3________N ， 0.5N N ，；2 1________Z ， 0________Z ， －3________Z ， 0.5Z Z ，；2 1________Q ， 0________Q ， －3________Q ， 0.5Q Q ，；2 1________R ， 0________R ， －3________R ， 0.5R R ，；2 分析元素在集合内用符号∈，而元素不在集合内时用符号． ? 解∈， ∈，－，，； 1N 0N 3N 0.5N N ???2 1Z 0Z 3Z 0.5Z Z 1Q 0Q 3Q ∈， ∈，－∈，，；∈，∈，－∈，??2 0.5Q Q 1R 0R 3R 0.5R R ∈，； ∈，∈，－∈，∈，； 22?? 说明：要注意符号的规范书写． 例2 (1)用列举法表示不超过10的非负偶数的集合，并用另一种方法表示出来； (2)设集合A ＝{(x ，y)|x ＋y ＝6，x ∈N ，y ∈N}，试用列举法表示集合A ； 分析 (1)中集合含的元素为0、2、4、6、8、10；(2)中集合所含的元素是点(0，6)，(1，5)，(2，4)，(3，3)，(4，2)，(5，1)，(6，0)． 解 (1){0，2，4，6，8，10｝；用描述法表示为{不超过10的非负偶数}，或|x|x ＝2n ，n ∈N ，n ＜6}． (2)A ＝{(0，6)，(1，5)，(2，4)，(3，3)，(4，2)，(5，1)，(6，0)}． 说明：注意(2)中集合A 的元素是点的坐标．
英美文化作业：英美文化差异(英文版)
英美文化作业：英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion
英美文化概况简答论述整理
英美文化概况简答论述 简答： 1.The Functions of Parliament ① First and foremost, it passes laws. ②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation. ③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. ④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 2.George Washington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. 3.The Open University The Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK. 4.The strategy of Preemption In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002. By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine. 5. Comprehensive schools Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. 6. The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.